Izinhlaka kukhuthaza. emizimbeni Isikimu ukwabiwa

Ngabodwa ukususwa ubuthi kwakhiwa ngenxa umzimba. Le nqubo kubalulekile ukuze ulondoloze impilo ukuzinza imvelo layo langaphakathi - homeostasis. Amagama ukwehlukana isilwane zitho ezihlukahlukene - ekhethekile amashubhu metanephridia. Ebelibangise ezosetshenziswa ukuqaliswa le nqubo.

emizimbeni Kwabiwa uhlelo

izinqubo umzimba abasakwazi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi uthathe indawo kuwo wonke amazinga - kusukela zofuzo ukuze organismal. Ngakho-ke, ukuqaliswa zabo kudinga lonke uhlelo. izitho Excretory kwabantu ngokukhishwa izinto ezahlukene.

amanzi okweqile esuswa umzimba esebenzisa emaphashini, isikhumba, amathumbu, nezinso. heavy metal zikasawoti isehlane isibindi amathumbu.

Amaphaphu - imigudu yokuphefumula, ngokuyisisekelo elisemandleni umzimba mpilo nokususa carbon dioxide kuwo. Le nqubo esithinta umhlaba wonke. Ngemva izitshalo ukukhululwa carbon dioxide izilwane ezisetshenziselwa-photosynthesis. Ephambi kwezinduna carbon dioxide, amanzi kanye ukukhanya ezingxenyeni oluhlaza izitshalo aqukethe lo chlorophyll, akha glucose carbohydrate nomoya-mpilo. Lapha enjalo ebalulekile umjikelezo we izinto ngokwemvelo eyatholakala. Ngemva emaphashini nazo njalo zisuswe amanzi okweqile.

Imiphumela amathumbu undigested izinsalela zokudla, futhi ndawonye nabo imikhiqizo eyingozi umzimba, okungase kubangele ushevu umzimba.

Wokugaya ukudla indlala kwesibindi - isihlungi real mayelana nomzimba womuntu. Kuyo zithathwa kusukela egazini lika-ezinobuthi. Isibindi bukhipha enzyme akhethekile - Bile, okuyinto obezorazhivaet ubuthi kuzisusa emzimbeni, kuhlanganise isihlungu utshwala, izidakamizwa kanye nemithi.

indima isikhumba ezinqutsheni ngabodwa

Zonke izinhlaka kukhuthaza kukhona Irreplaceable. Phela, ayephuli umsebenzi wabo emzimbeni bayozibuthela ubuthi - ubuthi. Okubaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo udlala isitho elikhulu kunawo wonke okwake - isikhumba. Omunye wemisebenzi ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu - kungaba ukuqala thermoregulation. Phakathi umsebenzi olunzulu umzimba kukhipha eziningi ukushisa. Aqoqana, lokho kungase kubangele okweqile.

Skin ulawula ukushuba okukhipha ukushisa, ukugcina kuphela lemali edingekile. Bekanye ke, ngaphandle kwamanzi, isuswa nosawoti emzimbeni amaminerali, urea kanye ammonia.

ukushisa kanjani?

Umuntu uyisidalwa esinegazi elifudumele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakhe akuxhomekile izimo klimaticheskiz ahlala kulo noma okwesikhashana uhlala. izinto eziphilayo ukuthi ufake ekudleni: amaphrotheni, amafutha, carbohydrate - abaphukile phansi ipheshana wokugaya ukudla ukuze abalandeli babo. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi monomers. Inani elikhulu energy ezishisayo ezikhishwe phakathi kwale nqubo. Kusukela lokushisa kuma ngokuvamile ngezansi lokushisa komzimba (36.6 degrees), ngokusho imithetho yemvelo, umzimba ithumela babutha ukushisa imvelo, ngamanye amazwi, bebheke lapho ezincane. Lokhu kugcina yakhoibrium lokushisa. Inqubo umthelela nokushisa isizukulwane umzimba futhi ubizwa ngokuthi nabalawuli.

Lapho umuntu ejuluka okukhulu kakhulu? Lapho kushisa ngaphandle. Futhi emakhazeni isizini umjuluko cishe akusho sigqame. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba akuzuzisi ulahlekelwe ukushisa uma nokunye akudingeki kakhulu.

Inqubo thermoregulation kuthinta isimiso sezinzwa. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukuhlolwa izintende Sweaty, lokhu kusho ukuthi esimweni imithambo injabulo uvuleke bese ukushabalalisa ukushisa iyakhula.

Isakhiwo uhlelo urinary

indima ebalulekile ukwabiwa imikhiqizo umzimba ukudlala urinary isitho uhlelo. Siqukethe pair of izinso, ureters, isinye, ephumela urethra olubonakalayo. Kutholwe ngezansi sibalo (Scheme "ngokwahlukana umzimba") ikhombisa ilungiselelo kwalezi.

Izinso - main isitho ukwabiwa

izitho Excretory uqale womuntu nezinso. It abhanqiwe izitho emabhontjisi emise. Basuke etholakala esiswini nhlangothi zombili yomgogodla, owaguqula ohlangothini ngilugweda.

Ngaphandle ngamunye kubo embozwe igobolondo. Ngokusebenzisa inkatho ekhethekile, okuthiwa esangweni kwezinso emzimbeni zihlanganisa imithambo yegazi, imizwa kanye ureters.

Kumiswa ungqimba kwangaphakathi ngezinhlobo ezimbili izinto: cortical (amnyama) kanye nobuchopho (ukukhanya). Kumiswa sezinso umchamo, okuyinto eqoqwe ngethangi ekhethekile - ukhalo, kokuqhubeka therefrom ku ureter.

Nephron - lisisakhiwo izinso

izitho Excretory, e izinso ethile, siqukethe isakhiwo amayunithi aphansi. Kuyinto kulezi izinqubo umzimba zenzeka emangqamuzaneni. izinso ngalinye lakhiwa abantu abaphakathi kuka kwesigidi nephrons - amayunithi ezihlelekile futhi zisebenza kahle.

Ngamunye wabo Kumiswa ngumuntu corpuscle kwezinso, nakho izungeza capsule inkomishi emise ne tangle imithambo yegazi. Umchamo ekuqaleni uya lapha. Kusukela capsule ngamunye suka tubules convoluted we ijabulise lokuqala nelesibili, evulekile ukubuthwa mapayipi.

Lo mshini kumiswa umchamo

kwakhiwa nomchamo kusukela egazini ngenxa izinqubo ezimbili: filtration futhi reabsorption. Eyokuqala yalezi izinqubo zenzeka nephron corpuscles. Filtration plasma ukhetha zonke izingxenye ngaphandle amaprotheni. Ngakho, umchamo umuntu enempilo akufanele kube ketshezi. Futhi khona yawo lubonisa kuphula umthetho we izinqubo umzimba. Ngenxa gqwa uketshezi Kumiswa, othiwa umchamo eyinhloko. senani - 150 amalitha ngosuku.

Ngemva kufika esigabeni esilandelayo - reabsorption. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi elivela emchamweni eyinhloko egazini ukusivumela emuva zonke ewusizo for izinto eziphilayo: nosawoti wamaminerali, amino acid, i-glucose, semali amanzi. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka umchamo yesibili - 1.5 litre ngosuku. Kule ndaba e umuntu enempilo akufanele kube ushukela i-glucose elula.

umchamo yesibili ngo-96% lamanzi. Futhi, kuhlanganisa sodium, i-potassium ne-chlorine, urea kanye uric acid.

Micturition reflex uhlamvu

nephron ngamunye umchamo yesibili kungena ukhalo kwezinso, okuyindawo ageleza eduze ureter kuya kwesinye. Kuyinto kwemisipha isitho ayibhangqiwe. Umthamo esinyeni kwandisa ngeminyaka, futhi omdala ifinyelela 0.75 l. Ngaphandle bubble kuvula urethra. Ngesikhathi okukhiphayo is engavimba imisipha emibili sphincter - imisipha isiyingi.

Ukuze sekuvele ukuchama inqubo kufanele buthelela esinyeni ka mayelana 0.3 amalitha. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, la mangqamuzana ezinzwa izindonga nelukuluku. Imisipha inkontileka futhi khululeka sphincter. Ukuchama kwenzeka nemiyalezo, isb omdala uyakwazi ukulawula le nqubo. isilawuli Ukuchama esebenzisa isimiso sezinzwa, isikhungo salo itholakala esifundeni sacral ka emgogodleni.

Kwabiwa umsebenzi kwezitho

Izinso zidlala indima ebalulekile enqubeni yokususa imikhiqizo yokugcina umzimba umzimba, lokulawula amanzi nosawoti exchange futhi silondoloze ukuqinisela of ingcindezi osmotic yomzimba naphakathi ketshezi.

izitho excretory nahlanza ubuthi emzimbeni ngenkathi sigcina ezingeni ozinzile izidakamizwa kokuqukethwe ezidingekile evamile ukusebenza ngokugcwele emzimbeni womuntu.