Ukusakazwa kwezinto kule uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli

Ukuxhumana kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-Jikelele Lwamakheli wenziwa exchange of ndaba namandla. At inhliziyo Ngalokuhlanganisa tinchubo iyona ngebhayisikili kwendaba - ilokhu ukuguqulwa nokuthuthela kwamanye amazwe izinqubo izinto endalweni, nobunjalo cyclical lamadigri kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Lezi zinqubo mazenzeke iqhaza amandla elanga futhi amandla yangaphakathi Zomhlaba.

Geological Kuncike (ngokugcwele) umjikelezo eziphilayo yayo abamelwe (ezincane) kanye nowe yabantu.

ukuzungeza Geological izidakamizwa - a uhlelo lokuhlelwa kabusha izakhi phakathi lithosphere kanye uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, okuyinto eyenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya endogenous (yangaphakathi) kanye exogenous (zangaphandle) izinqubo. Phezu izigidi zeminyaka namadwala ibhujisiwe, futhi imikhiqizo weathering abazenzi amanzi Imisinga izilwandle. Ingxenye ezincane izinto amaminerali ebuyiselwa ezweni ngenxa umswakama ukuhwamuka futhi kwezulu, futhi umjikelezo uvala. Kwenqwaba imikhiqizo weathering ahlale phansi ekujuleni kolwandle, lapho sedimentation. Kushintshwe nezikhathi Geological zenzeka ekuhlehleni wezilwandle, ukunyakaza plate ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba, isakhiwo entabeni, kanye zokulala waphinda bazithola ezweni - umjikelezo impahla Geological iqala nxazonke entsha. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le umjikelezo uphawu akuyona embuthanweni, futhi kuvunguza, kusukela esenziwa ngilulekela isikhathi ngasinye ukubiyela umjikelezo entsha sihluke kakhulu kulowo odlule.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu empilweni we uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; okubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo kwamanzi, okubandakanya umhlaba, umoya kanye ulwandle. Lokhu umjikelezo wamanzi, okuyinto kusebenza futhi Geological (elikhulu) Circulations. amandla ayo ukushayela iyona energy of kwelanga, ngaphansi kwethonya lapho ukuhwamuka senzeka. Amanzi molecule ngesimo igesi kuyanda emkhathini, lapho epholile futhi uphenduke. Amafu akhiwa, anikeza kwezulu. Uma kwezulu ukuwa olwandle, umjikelezo ivaliwe (ukuhwamuka nokunye. D.).

Amanzi engena phansi, has ezimbili ongakhetha: surface emifula kanye kokuziphatha. Esimweni sokuqala, sibuyisela olwandle, kokuqeda umjikelezo, futhi owesibili it has ibanga elide futhi ezithakazelisayo. Seeping phansi imifantu futhi ikhule ezimbotsheni, ifinyelela ungqimba eliqinile, libuyisele amanzi amasheya komhlaba, bese kuqhutshekwa ohlangothini ovundlile kuze kube manje kuze kube uthola indlela ebusweni. Ngakho kwakheka iziphethu abazondla imifula, amachibi, amadamu, amaxhaphozi. Ngalesi "travel" amanzi uhlala ungqimba ebusweni inhlabathi (capillary umswakama), kusuka kulo iyasha emkhathini, futhi ingxenye isetshenziswa izitshalo, amaqabunga awo futhi ukuhwamuka (transpiration).

Enye ingxenye yesigaba sokubhekela umjikelezo Geological Umjikelezo begazi izinto, okuyinto yisandla - umsebenzi eziphilayo. Lo mjikelezo ibukeka kanje.

1. Wamanzi, wekhabhoni futhi izakhi zanqwabelana izitshalo (Autotrophic) nezilwane (heterotrophic), okuyinto zidla lezi zitshalo.
2. Izinto eziphilayo bayabulawa, futhi ngaphansi kwethonya saprophytes (isikhunta, ama-bacterium, ama-worms) imikhiqizo nokucekelwa ukubola ukuba izingxenye amaminerali.
3. izinto Inorganic asetshenziswa futhi ukuze synthesis autotrophs organic - ngebhayisikili biogeochemical izidakamizwa uyaqhubeka.

izinqubo ezinjalo zenzeka ecosystem ngamunye kanye nowe zihlanganisa izakhi ahlukene: .. Oxygen, i-nitrogen, carbon, i-sulphur, phosphorus, okusansimbi, njll zinengxenye zonke izinto eziphilayo ezikhona emhlabeni. Iqhaza kwegciwane nokusakazwa izinto - abathintekayo basuke enhlabathini ekwakhekeni, ukwelashwa amanzi, ukunqwabelana izakhi ezithile (amagciwane i-nitrogen), noqhekeko of organic compounds (destructors), ukusabela redox (amagciwane aerobic), kanye nezinye izinqubo eziningi ezenzeka esikhathini uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli.