FBI (i-FBI): okulotshiweyo izifinyezo nama ezinehuha

Unendlela yawo wonke amazwe abomthetho. Umsebenzi wabo nokuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela amalungelo nenkululeko yezakhamizi, ubugebengu, ukulwa amacala, lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela isithunzi sendawo amandla, lo wokulwa nobuphekula. Phakathi nemisebenzi ezinye zazo wukuthi sihlele esiphikisayo intelligence intelligence imisebenzi. Lokhu afanayo nemisebenzi eyenziwa ngemisebenzi nezikhungo ezahlukene izinhlangano ukuthi ngezinga elithile bayakwazi kwakuwukuthi phezulu uhulumeni. Umsebenzi walaba emizimbeni kuyadingeka, ngoba ezingeni ngobugebengu nobuphekula namuhla mkhulu cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi e-US. Lesi simo bekulokhu abadumile njalo khona ubushiqela nzima. OFata Sokuqala wadala nomshini wangempela wezepolitiki, eye ezisebenza emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka. Ukuze lesi simiso ukuze usebenze kahle, neminyango ekhethekile kumele ukusebenzela ezinhle amandla futhi enze umsebenzi ukuze kulondolozwe umthetho nokuhleleka. Ngezansi, sibheka omunye izitho ezibaluleke kakhulu e-United States, lapho kudlala khona indima enkulu ekulweni nobugebengu kanye esiphikisayo biko. Igama lesi sakhiwo FBI.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana FBI

Sokuqonda lokhu umqondo simi ngale ndlela: The Federal Bureau of Investigation. Le nhlangano, ebhekisela US Department of Justice, kodwa kuncike ummeli-jikelele. Leli hhovisi liqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye yomphakathi Intelligence-United States of America. FBI igunya ukuphenya yimuphi ukwephulwa kwemithetho kahulumeni ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kazwelonke kanye ukuphepha enguMengameli waseMelika. IHhovisi futhi senze neminye imisebenzi eminingi, ezifana ngibheka yezakhamuzi abafuna ukusebenza ezakhiweni zikahulumeni, ukuqapha zokuxhumana e-United States. Lokhu umzimba kudlala indima ekhethekile ekulweni nobulelesi obuhleliweko. Ngesikhathi i-FBI, kuneminyango lonke ekubhekaneni Udosi ku ezigebe- nokuthuthukiswa zabo ngokushesha. Ziningi amahemuhemu nasekuqageleni mayelana nokusebenza FBI esingekho emthethweni, kodwa kulotshiwe ku. Akunakusetshenziswa asikwazi elibonakala CIA kanye FBI. Incazelo yalezi igama elihlukile ngokuphelele, kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa kubo.

Umlando wendalo. Bureau of Investigation

Inhlangano elisuka esungulwe ngo-1908 Bureau of Investigation. Initiative ukusungula umzimba okunjalo sifakwe Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. Yena sasekelwa luba owayengumongameli uTeodor Ruzvelt. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Bureau of Investigation e-1908 wehlukile FBI yesimanje. Kulungiswa igama likwenza kucace ukuthi ejensi lwamanje namacala federal, kanye Bureau of Investigation azange abe uhlu ecacile imisebenzi. Ukudalwa kwawo kwakubangelwa isimo engazinzile zezombusazwe emhlabeni. States kwasala kancane kweMpi Yezwe I, imisebenzi izakhiwo intelligence sawohloka. Bureau of Investigation nekayokulwa usongo amanxusa akwamanye amazwe, kanye kunikeza isivikelo ukusabalala ubukhomanisi e-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ofisi isebenza ukuqinisekisa isenzo "umthetho ezomile" e-US.

FBI 1935

Kusukela ngo-1935 e-United States abomthetho uhlu ibonakala emelela FBI (i-FBI). Umqondisi uMnyango waba Edvard Guver. Kusukela kulo mzuzwana iqala emnyangweni omusha ngokuphelele indaba. FBI Umsunguli John Edvard Guver kwaba indoda elukhuni futhi pedantic. Phakathi nokuBusa kwakhe ngokuphathelene namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba engu-37 njengoba inhloko yomnyango esewenzile nemiphumela ephawulekayo ekulweni nobulelesi obuhleliweko futhi esiphikisayo biko. Imisebenzi FBI ngokuyinhloko ongavamile yezomthetho. Lokhu kufakazelwa lemali segunya wathola ejenti ekhethekile. Lena ngokucacile kakhulu imisebenzi ebonakalayo FBI phakathi neNkathi Yokuwohloka Okukhulu e-United States lapho izwe sihlangabezane ubugebengu omkhulu kudlangile. Phakathi nale nkathi, abaningi abaphathi ngobugebengu, izigebengu kanye nezinye izithunywa imvelo amoral batshala noma abulawe. Kusukela bangabantu Dzhona Dillindzhera, Toddler Nelson, George Kelly, Pretty Boy uFloyd, nabanye.

FBI imisebenzi esiphikisayo intelligence

Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi nezisobala futhi esikhoselweni eyenziwa FBI. Ekulweni nobugebengu - akusiyo umsebenzi oyinhloko yomnyango. Okuningi yemikhakha into esiphikisayo biko. Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi esiphikisayo intelligence kwaba kuphela ukuze kunqandwe ukwanda wobukhomanisi. Kodwa ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, okuyinto eza kuqala kwaba ekulweni ejenti angaphandle, ikakhulukazi eSoviet. Lokhu endaweni yomsebenzi FBI ngokuqinile bahlukanisa, ngakho izitatimende ngqo zimbalwa kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, cindezela American njalo inyathelisa izihloko mayelana FBI ejenti abopha hlola angaphandle kwamanye amazwe.

Isakhiwo Federal Bureau of Investigation

Njenganoma iyiphi sina yezomthetho, FBI has oyiyo yangaphakathi okuhlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo:

- izindaba abasebenzi Inhloko ehhovisi umsebenzi.

- Isiyalo Office.

- Office, ekubhekaneni zonke izindaba omphakathi, kanye ukuxhumana iCongress.

- Division of service Administrative futhi counter-ubuphekula.

- CSR (lobugebengu umnyango uphenyo).

- UMnyango Ukuhlolwa.

- Investigative Division.

- National Security Division.

- UMnyango ukuqeqeshwa.

igama elisemthethweni lomphathi e-US-FBI. Sokuqonda igama kunikeza ithuba ukuqonda ethile ye isakhiwo, okuyinto evamile endaweni yase-United States. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-FBI ngokoqobo kuthatha umsebenzi amaphoyisa, kodwa akuyona. Amaphoyisa yomthetho enwetshiwe kuphela isimo lapho okusebenza ngqo, kuyilapho i-FBI uqhuba imisebenzi yayo kulo aseMelika. Ihhovisi iphenya "ubugebengu federal" (ukuthumba, ngamacala okuphanga amabhangi, ubuphekula, kokubulawa izikhulu eziphezulu zikahulumeni, njll).

Bureau of imisebenzi engekho emthethweni

Kuyo yonke ukuba khona FBI bentanta eziningi amaqiniso mayelana umnyango imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile kakhulu kwakunofakazi. Ngokwesibonelo, COINTELPRO - iyona imisebenzi ngobukhulu emthethweni olwenziwa FBI. Sokuqonda imfihlo Imininingwane wakhe kwaholela kwaziwe ezinye izenzo ezimbi kakhulu iziphathimandla. Ngokusho amaqiniso bentanta kulolu hlelo ejenti wahlanganyela avuse ngamabomu amaqembu athile civil sinombono ngokumiswa okwengeziwe. Kukhona futhi imithombo eminingi ibonisa ukuthi Edvard Guver yena, ngokuba ekuqaleni kwazo FBI, wabambisana abaholi imindeni Mafia Italian-American. Izakhamuzi eziningi US ngokuphindiwe limenyezelwe wiretapping emthethweni, ukuqapha traffic Inthanethi. Ngokusho amahlebezi, FBI ungathanda ukusebenzisa «-Gmail» inkonzo sokuqapha kanye ngomkhondo ama-imeyili. Kuze kube manje, akukho ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ukuthi ngabe uqinisekise imisebenzi engekho emthethweni we-FBI. izinto sokuqonda ihilela ejensi izenzo ezingekho emthethweni eyenziwa, kodwa ngezigaba sokuvikeleka ayisuswanga ngokuphelele. Ngakho, ukusungula ukubandakanywa iziphathimandla kunzima kakhulu. Mhlawumbe uhulumeni wase-US ngokuphelele ihlanganisa igunya komthetho, ogama imisebenzi engalweni.

FBI Academy

Ukuze ejensi is anamanzi ashintshwa njalo kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, ngo-1972 ukusetha i-ekhethekile FBI Academy, etholakala ngasesinqeni se amabutho asolwandle wase-United States. izikhungo zokuqeqesha ifakwe ubuchwepheshe bamuva. Kukhona umuzi injongo-wakha, esebenza njengesikhali phansi ukuqeqeshwa zokusebenza aphume ejenti ekhethekile etimeni letehlukene. Kulesi Academy Izifundo zokuvuselela kanye wenza ukulungiselela, ama-ejenti "abasha" omusha ehhovisi FBI. Kulungiswa noma isitoreji iyiphi idatha ebucayi akwenziwa lapha, njengoba lokhu kwenzelwe nje base ukuqeqeshwa. abasebenzi Ngakho simenywe komthetho angaphandle ejensi ukuze baxoxelane okuhlangenwe.

isiphetho

Ngakho, siye sacabangela ngokuningiliziwe sezakhiwo ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni US abomthetho - FBI. izifinyezo sokuqonda kwasinika ithuba ukubhekana imisebenzi ukuthi ejensi wenza. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kusho ukuthi i-FBI - kuba isibonelo esihle kunazo zonke-ejensi inhlangano kahulumeni, enegunya angaphakanyiswa phezu kwendawo yakwa wonke umbuso. Amanye amazwe nge izinhlelo federal indawo kufanele ibe ukwakhela isibonelo-United States of America.