Izincwadi zakudala (Russian). izincwadi Russian classical: uhlu imisebenzi engcono

Izincwadi zakudala (Russian) - umqondo ezibanzi, futhi ngamunye ubeka incazelo yalo kulo. Uma sikucela abafundi, lokho izinhlangano kudala nabo, izimpendulo zizohluka. Kwabanye kunzima isisekelo Isikhwama umtapo, omunye uzothi imisebenzi nezincwadi zakudala Russian - indlela ethile yokuma, esesikhundleni esiphakeme value kwezobuciko. Ukuze abafundi kuba konke ngoba siyafundwa esikoleni. Futhi konke kuzoba ngendlela yabo baqiniseka kwesokudla. Ngakho-ke yini yalo - nezincwadi zakudala? izincwadi Russian, namuhla sizogxila kuphela wakhe. Mayelana zabuna angaphandle kuzoxoxwa ngakho esinye isihloko.

Periodization yomlando kwezincwadi Russian

Kukhona periodization ezivamile ukuhlonywa nokuthuthukisa imibhalo kazwelonke. Umlando walo luhlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezilandelayo:

1. isikhathi Doliteraturny. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuze kube ikhulu XI, kwakungekho ematheksthi labhaliwe, nemisebenzi zadluliselwa ngomlomo.
2. Kusukela ngekhulu le-XI XIV yayikhona izincwadi Old Russian. A nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni walo wawenziwe ukwamukelwa kobuKristu eRussia. Vela elihunyushwe izincwadi ngesiGreki, ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha: hagiographies, zemihla ngemihla, ukuhamba, ivangeli.
3. Isikhathi esilandelayo - izincwadi zangenkathi ephakathi. It kwaqala xv ukuze XVII leminyaka.
4. Ekhulwini XVIII - inkathi imfundo Russian. Lesi isikhathi nalabo Ababhali ababekhuluma wabeka izisekelo izincwadi Russian classical. Lezi zihlanganisa: Karamzin, Fonvizin, Lomonosov, Zhukovsky, Sumarokov, Radishchev, Krylov.
5. XIX leminyaka - isikhathi lapho thina wayehlala futhi esebenza labo babhali, bahlatiyi, izimbongi, okuyinto namuhla ubizwa ngokuthi zabuna ezincwadi. "Inkathi Yokuchuma" - igama esethiwa lona le nkathi. Kuhle izincwadi Russian classical yadalwa ngesikhathi.
6. XX leminyaka libizwa by Isifaniso nge ekhulwini langaphambilini, "Isiliva Age", ngoba ngezinga elithile kwaba ukuqhubeka kwakhe okunengqondo.

Yini ubizwa ngokuthi classical?

abafundi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi nezincwadi zakudala (Russian) - kuyinto Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy - okungukuthi, imisebenzi yalezo abalobi ababephila ekhulwini XIX. Lena akuyona ngakho. A classic umsebenzi wokubhala kungaba futhi NgeNkathi Ephakathi, sona kanye XX leminyaka. Ngu yiziphi izimiso kanye nezimiso ukunquma ukuthi inoveli zakudala noma indaba? Okokuqala, ucezu classical kumele babe okusezingeni eliphezulu value kwezobuciko, ukuba iba isibonelo kwabanye. Okwesibili, kufanele kube ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, kufanele kube ingxenye Isikhwama empucukweni yomhlaba.

Futhi kumelwe bakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi nezincwadi zakudala futhi ethandwa. Classic - yilokhu siqinile isikhathi eside, kodwa imisebenzi ethandwa kuthiwa ayisheshi ukulibaleka. Uma ukuphuthuma ke uyoqhubeka amashumi eminyaka, mhlawumbe futhi isikhathi ukuya esigabeni zabuna.

Umsuka izincwadi Russian classical

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII, kuphela linqoba izikhulu Russian ahlukaniselwe amakamu amabili aphikisanayo: the emthethweni kanye abashisekeli bezinguquko. Lokhu yokuhlukanisa kwakubangelwa isimo sengqondo esihlukile izinguquko eziye zenzeka ekuphileni kwakho? Kwekuhlela kabusha kaPetru, Yokukhanyiselwa ukuqonda imisebenzi, ubuhlungu umbuzo nabalimi abancane, noma isimo sengqondo amandla. Lokhu umzabalazo kuye kwaholela ukusuka kakhulu ingokomoya, ukuziqaphela, okuyinto emenza zabuna Russian. Singasho ukuthi kwathiwa kokuzihlanganisa e inkambo izenzakalo ezweni.

Izincwadi zakudala (Russian), owazalwa ngo-isakhiwo futhi iphikisana ngekhulu XVIII, ekugcineni kwakhiwa ekhulwini XIX. Izici zako: ubuzwe, ukuvuthwa, lokukwazi ukuzihlola.

izincwadi Russian classical kwekhulu le-19

A indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni isiko sikhathi kudlalwa ukukhula ukwazi kazwelonke. Ivula izikhungo zemfundo kakhulu, okwandisa ukubaluleka komphakathi izincwadi, eziningi abayinakanga abalobi baqale ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko. Ukuvukela kwezinceku Decembrists bephoqelekile nakakhulu ukucabanga ngalokho okwenzekayo ezweni.

Karamzin ithonya on ukuthuthukisa izincwadi kwekhulu le-19

Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, elikhulu kunawo wonke-mlando Russian, umbhali kanye intatheli, kwaba onethonya kakhulu kunabo amasiko Russian of XVIII-XIX eminyaka. inoveli yakhe yomlando kanye omkhulukazi "Umlando we State Russian" yaba negalelo elikhulu emsebenzini abalobi kamuva futhi izimbongi Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Griboyedov. Yena - omunye bezinguquko olukhulu isiRashiya. Karamzin kuqalwe kusetshenziswe ama-inani elikhulu amagama amasha, ngaphandle esingakwazi siyicabange namuhla inkulumo yesimanje.

izincwadi Russian classical: uhlu imisebenzi engcono

Khetha abuye atakhele luhlu the best imisebenzi ebhaliwe - umsebenzi onzima, ngoba wonke umfundi izintandokazi zabo nalokho akuthandayo. Le noveli, okuyinto uyoba ngowesinye wobuciko, omunye ngeke kubonakale yisicefe futhi ungakujabulisi. Ungenza kanjani uhlu izincwadi ezilotshwe ababhali baseRussia, okwakuyoholela ukwanelisa abafundi kakhulu? Enye indlela - nokwenza izinhlolombono. Kulesi sisekelo singaphetha ngokuthi abanye umsebenzi ngokwabo abafundi cabanga best of the ongakhetha. Okunjalo izindlela iqoqo idatha ziqhutshwa njalo, nakuba idatha ingase ishintshe kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uhlu imisebenzi engcono zabuna isiRashiya, ngokuvumelana nguqulo omagazini etemibhalo inthanethi inthanethi, njengoba kulandela:

1. UMikhail Bulgakov nge inoveli ezingaqondakali "Master noMargarita".
2. ULeo Tolstoy umsebenzi amaqhawe "Impi Nokuthula".
3. Fyodor Dostoevsky ngemanoveli ezintathu: ". Le Idiot" "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso", "Abafowethu Karamazov" futhi Isikhova i-great sazi isiRashiya, ngokunembile futhi waphakamisela uchaza ohlangothini emnyama ngokujulile ukwakheka komuntu. Fridrih Nitsshe owake wathi Dostoevsky - wezifo angcoliswa nguye bangafunda okuthile kuphela.
4. Nikolai Gogol - "Imiphefumulo Dead". Omunye Ayindida iningi abalobi Russian wakwazi ukwakha izithombe emangalisayo egqamile futhi ezicacile zendlela izinhlamvu zabo. Story "Vij" futhi iqoqo lwembhali "Ntambama kwi Ipulazi edude Dikanka" is alithanda kakhulu ngabafundi.
5. inoveli Alexander Pushkin sika "Eugene Onegin". Ngokusho poll, iningi othandekayo umbhali esikoleni yaqanjwa Pushkin futhi Onegin - the liyabonakala kakhulu iqhawe etemibhalo.
6. Anton laseChekhov nezindaba zakhe.
7. Mikhail Lermontov - "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu."
8. Ilya Ilf and Yevgeny Petrov - zabuna kwekhulu XX, abantu ngomuzwa olukhulu amahlaya. inoveli Lwabo "I nezitulo Nambili" Sekuyisikhathi eside incwadi yakho oyithandayo zabafundi abaningi.
9. Ivan Turgenev nomsebenzi wakhe? "Obaba and Sons."
10. Alexander Griboyedov ne amahlaya "Maye kusukela Wit". Ebhala kuyi kukho konke ukuphila kwami umkhiqizo owodwa nje, kodwa wadala kulelizinga eliphakeme, uyohlale bahlale phakathi abalobi best of izincwadi Russian classical.

Kunoma ikuphi ke akudingekile ukuba ucabangele le uhlu inkomba. ezinye amazinga kanye zokuvota endaweni yokuqala ungeme Bulgakov futhi Lev Tolstoy futhi Alexander Pushkin, futhi abanye balaba babhali kungase kungabi nhlobo. Izilinganiso - into subjective kakhulu. Kungcono ukwenza kakhulu uhlu zabuna ozithandayo futhi ugxile ke.

Russian classical ukubaluleka izincwadi

Abadali zabuna Russian Bengilokhu wayenomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu emphakathini. Babengakaze wakhuluma sokuqondisa izigwegwe, akazange anikeze izimpendulo ngomumo eyenziwe ngemisebenzi yakhe. Umlobi ubeka phambi umfundi inselele futhi kwamphoqa ukucabanga ngesinqumo sakhe. Babeka emsebenzini kunezinkinga ezinzulu yabo yezenhlalo zomphakathi, manje ibaluleke kakhulu kithi. Ngakho-ke, zabuna Russian futhi namuhla uhlala ngosuku olufanayo.