Russian umshini esindayo izibhamu ukuthula. Ukuqhathanisa esindayo izibhamu

Ngisho e kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala enkundleni yempi uvele isikhali ngokuyinhloko entsha nelesabekayo - esindayo izibhamu. Ngaleyo minyaka kwakungekho zempi, obekungadala ukubavikela, kanye nendawo yokuhlala, okungamazwe esetshenziswa elihamba (zomhlaba kanye nokhuni) ngokuvamile amachashazi esindayo lwangena inqamula. Ngisho nanamuhla, esindayo izibhamu kukhona ithuluzi elikahle kakhulu ukubhujiswa isitha elihamba lokulwa izimoto, izisebenzi armored abathwali nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Ngomqondo onabile, omunye kungaba knock ngisho ezindizeni, kodwa yesimanje ukulwa izindiza ngabo ngokushesha okukhulu kakhulu.

Nokho, bokwenza eyinhloko zonke izikhali ezinjalo isisindo sayo kanye Ubukhulu. Abanye onobuhle (nge embhedeni) singaba nesisindo kahle amakhilogremu angaphezu kwamabili. Kusukela sibalo sakhe avame siqukethe abantu ababili noma abathathu kuphela, mayelana ezinye ikhuluma okusheshayo ukukhuluma ngokuvamile akudingekile. Nokho, umshini esindayo izibhamu ungase usazoba mobile izikhali ngokwanele. Lona ezokuqala kodwa ngaleso esifanayo kweMpi Yezwe I, lapho beqala ukuba agqoke jeeps ngisho weloli elithile elincane.

DSHK

Ngo-1930, umklami abadumile Degtyarev basungula umshini isibhamu entsha ngokuphelele. iqala Ngakho indaba DSK ziyaphawuleka, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku imele enkonzweni emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Gunsmith wanquma ukuklama ke omusha ngesikhathi igobolondo B-30 nge osezingeni ichashazi 12.7 mm. Shpagin Notorious wadala for the isibhamu esisha ngokuyinhloko uhlelo ezahlukene amandla ibhande. Ekuqaleni kuka-1939, lapho wamukelwa iRed Army.

Revised Shpagin

Njengoba sishilo, inguqulo yasekuqaleni isikhali yasungulwa ngo-1930. ngemva kweminyaka emithathu waqala ukukhiqizwa serial. Naphezu izici eziningi ezinhle, yena zazinezinkinga ezimbili esinzulu: ngesilinganiso umlilo kwaba imizuliswano 360 kuphela ngomzuzu, futhi izinga esisebenzayo kwaba ngisho aphansi, njengoba futhi ukuklanywa kuhilela ukusetshenziswa izitolo esindayo noma babe inkinga. Yingakho isinqumo ekunqanyulweni kwe ukukhiqizwa serial machine gun wamukelwa ngonyaka ka-1935, lapho awuhambisani kakhulu nge namaqiniso isikhathi sakhe.

Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, ukuthuthukiswa walethwa Shpagin ziyaphawuleka, ngubani ngokushesha wanikela ukusebenzisa sigubhu ugesi wesifunda nge band ukusuthisa nezinhlamvu. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo engalweni izingalo jika, okuyinto ukuguqula amandla powder amagesi e sigubhu, babuphelele isimiso esasikhona. Inzuzo kwaba ukuthi ukuhlela kabusha enjalo ayihlanganisi hhayi ukulungiswa mabi futhi abangele inhlekelele ukuthi abasha Soviet Republic wawubalulekile.

okuphindaphindayo Ukwamukela

I isibhamu machine kabusha yokutholwa ngo-1938. He is ikakhulukazi sibonga okuhle imishini multi-msebenzi, ne-ANC liphenduka isikhali jikelele: ke engasetshenziswa kalula ukucindezela isitha phansi amabutho (kuhlanganise ukubhujiswa nezivikelo), ukubhujiswa enophephela emhlane, kanti izindiza ongaphakeme ezindizayo, kanye kubathene ukukhanya izimoto zempi. Ukubhubhisa emoyeni izinto umshini ukubola nge ukukhuliswa ngesikhathi esisodwa bipod asekelayo.

Ngenxa amakhono ayo eliphakeme ukulwa DSK lavuselelwa esizifanele cishe zonke amagatsha lempi. Ekupheleni isibhamu zempi kwavele ukuguqulwa okuncane. Kuye abathintekayo ezinye izingxenye mshini amandla yesivalo inhlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela kancane modified of obandayo emgqonyeni.

ukuguqulwa lokugcina isibhamu, ayifake isevisi ngo-1946 (DShKM), usebenzisa isimiso ukuhluka ezishintshayo. Powder amagesi buyisela kusukela emgqonyeni ngembobo. Isiqu-non-replaceable, ke wanakekela amaphiko ukupholisa (njenge kurediyetha). Ukuze iwukudambisa eqinile ukufinyela esetshenziswa nomlomo amabhuleki ka imiklamo ehlukahlukene.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi nokulungiswa ezimbili isibhamu - kudivayisi Element. Ngakho, ngo-DShKM esetshenziswa slide lwesistimu, kuyilapho esasisandulele - sigubhu. Nokho, umshini Kolesnikov uhlelo uhlala ingashintshiwe ngokuphelele kusukela ngo-1938, njengoba into ngokuyinhloko akunakwenzeka ukushintsha. Machine gun kule Uhlaka ukala 160 kilograms. Yiqiniso, akusiwona ezinhle kakhulu kube lula kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Nokho, isikhali kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe njengoba anti-aircraft futhi isetshenziselwe ukulawula ukukhanya izimoto armored lesitha, okwenza ukusetshenziswa umshini esindayo kunesidingo.

Ukusetshenziswa yesimanje ye-ANC

Phakathi neMpi Omkhulu Patriotic kweSoviet Union ngaleso izitshalo kwenziwa mayelana namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye izibhamu lokhu model. Nokho, ngemva kwempi, i-ANC ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho, ukuguqulwa yayo, DShKM, usaqhubeka ukuba kukhiqizwe Pakistan kanye China. Kukhona ulwazi amasheya we izibhamu emadepho reserve yebutho Russian. ethandwa kakhulu iyisikhali Russia ezimpini e-Afrika.

Veterans khumbula ukuthi zonke lezi izikhali ngokoqobo enquma izihlahla mncane futhi lihlaba kwesokudla ngokusebenzisa ehlonipheke kakhulu girth iziqu. Ngakho ngokumelene kabi elihamba ahlomile (kanye nalokho okutholakala labo izingxenye), le "ndoda endala" isebenza ngokuphelele. Kodwa inzuzo enkulu ye isibhamu umshini, okuyinto efanele ikakhulukazi endabeni amabutho kabi abaqeqeshiwe - linokwethenjelwa amazing kanye lula ukusebenza.

AMAZWI

Nokho, abanye ochwepheshe ezempi-ANC ngisho DShKM bayangabaza. Iqiniso lokuthi leli isikhali yasungulwa namaqiniso seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Khona-ke izwe lethu kwaba luthuli cishe evamile, kodwa ngenxa ochwepheshe Ukhethe yokukhulisa emkhonweni. Ngenxa yalokho, i-munition sinzima hhayi amandla kakhulu. Ngakho, abavikela yethu - 12.7h108 mm. NATO isebenzisa izinhlamvu ezifanayo Browning ... 12,7h99 mm! Futhi lokhu mbandela wokuba kokubili cartridges cishe amandla afanayo.

Nokho, kukhona lesi simo sibangelwa Okuhle. Domestic osezingeni izinhlamvu kokubili 12.7 futhi 14.5 mm - a fount wangempela gunsmiths yesimanje. Kukhona zonke izimfanelo for kudalwe cartridges namandla kakhulu ukuthi uzobuyisa izici zabo mass-ntathu.

NSV "Utes"

Emuva 70s ibutho laseSoviet kuqalwe emihlambini ukuthuthela machine gun Nikitina design, volkov futhi Sokolov - "IDwala." Izikhali, wethiwa igama elithi esifushanisiwe we HCB, wathunjelwa isevisi ngo-1972, kodwa kuze kube yilolu suku uhlala esiyinhloko esindayo machine gun yebutho Russian.

Esinye sezici zalo esiwuphawu iyona isisindo eliphansi kakhulu. Inesisindo umshini esindayo isibhamu NSV 41 kuphela khilogremu nge umshini! Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo ekubalweni okusheshayo yangempela ukushintsha isimo sabo sengqondo enkundleni yempi. Uma siqhathanisa isibhamu esisha DShKM esifanayo, uthathwa, nomklamo walo elula emfushane okunengqondo. Flame arrester has simise oyindilinga ebhuthini, lapho ilungelo kungaba "abaqaphela" "Rock". Isikhali waziwa aboshelwe izizathu ezingafani nhlobo.

"Antisnayper"

NSV eyaduma ukuthi at ibanga ikhilomitha elilodwa (!) Ububanzi zezibhamu ukusakaza ingeqi amamitha eyodwa nengxenye, okuyinto kwalolu hlobo isikhali cishe yerekhodi ngokuphelele. Esikhathini isibhamu umshini kwaba isidlaliso ehloniphekile "Antisnayper" imikhankaso ezimbili Chechen. Ngezindlela eziningi, lokhu kungenxa ngqo kwesicelo salo ukubuyiselwa kuqhathaniswa ababuthakathaka, amenze ukuba agqoke cishe yonke ukulungiswa yesimanje emehlweni enamandla kwalolu hlobo isikhali.

Kukhona okuhlukile ithangi, okungukufa NSVT isifinyezo. It is ogibele amathangi, eziqala T-64. Umholi zempi yasekhaya, T-90, futhi ine ahlomile yayo. Ngekucabanga NSVT kulezi imishini isetshenziswa njengenhlangano isikhali anti-aircraft, kodwa umkhuba isetshenziswa njengoba isikhathi ukucindezela phansi amatshe. Letha phansi ukulwa indiza yesimanje (ingasaphathwa izindiza) we anti-aircraft umshini isibhamu kwakuthiwa kungenzeka, kodwa le njongo kungcono kakhulu kuhambisana ngalokufanele missile isikhali Russian.

Kord

CORD imele "Kovrov gunsmiths-Degtyarevtsy". Umsebenzi indalo yayo Kovrov waqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuwa wase-USSR. Isizathu sisobala: ukukhiqizwa kwe "IDwala" ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ensimini ka Kazakhstan, ongahlangani izithakazelo amasu yezwe.

umklami Eyinhloko iphrojekthi entsha babe Namidulin, Obidin, Bogdanov futhi Zhirehin. Ngesisekelo sathathwa le NSV zakudala, kodwa kungagcini gunsmiths banal sesimanje yayo. Okokuqala, ukukhanya machine gun ngagcina okusheshayo ushintsho emgqonyeni. It sidalwe Korpela cishe lonke ucwaningo nezikhungo, kodwa umphumela uba izindleko: it is ezenziwa ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile, esinikela iyunifomu esiphezulu ukupholisa impahla ngesikhathi kokudubula. ngoba nje omunye izici ukunemba nokunemba (kuqhathaniswa NSV) anda cishe kabili! Ngaphezu kwalokho, intambo kwaba umshini isibhamu okokuqala, okuyiwona kukhona "isikhulu" inguqulo ye-NATO igobolondo.

Ekugcineni, kuba isikhali kuphela ikilasi, okuvumela umlilo ngempumelelo a bipod. isisindo salo 32 amakhilogramu. Kunokuba uphaphe, kodwa ezimbili ungakwazi ukuntshontsha. Ngemishini uhla phansi okuhloswe imayelana ezimbili amakhilomitha. Yini enye umshini esindayo izibhamu Russia?

CPV KPVT

Futhi futhi brainchild Kovrova. Kuyinto ilungu enamandla kakhulu ekilasini ezinkulu-osezingeni izibhamu emhlabeni. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali kuyinto ehlukile amandla abo ukulwa: it ihlanganisa amandla anti-tank izibhamu izibhamu. Phela, umshini esindayo isibhamu igobolondo CPV - "okufanayo", le 14,5h114 edume! Esikhathini esidlule yamuva, ngosizo yayo ungakwazi knock out cishe kunoma iyiphi indiza ukulwa noma ukukhanya izimoto armored abaphikisi ezingaba khona.

ukusungula kwakhe indlela gunsmith abanamakhono, wazihlanganisa ngo-1943, ngokusuka ayo. Isisekelo umklami wathatha-izindiza isibhamu e 20 ka design sakhe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi nje kokuba walahlekelwa Ukuhlolwa State ShVAK, kodwa oyiyo esicacile nokunokwethenjelwa ngenjongo setha Vladimirov. Thina digress kancane. Gunsmith ukwazi ngokugcwele ukuqaphela injongo yakhe ekuphileni: lakhe elinzima izibhamu (isithombe okungukuthi kulesi sihloko) namuhla uyazi zonke crewman owakhonza amathangi Soviet!

Uma kuhlelelwa Vladimirov wasebenzisa uhlelo classical nge ukufinyela esifushane, eyabonakala kakhulu ngisho "Maxim". Okuzenzakalelayo machine gun evumela yesondlo kuphela umlilo okuzenzakalelayo. In the version elihamba we CPV isetshenziswa ifomu Iyizeli, sifana isibhamu ukukhanya. Umshini sesithuthukisiwe izikhathi eziningana, futhi ngesikhathi impi ibambene amasosha ngokuvamile ukukwenza bebodwa, ngokuvumelana nohlobo ukulwa. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Afghanistan yizo zonke izinhlangothi ukuba impi wasebenzisa CPV nge okuzenzela efakwe emehlweni optical.

Ngo-1950, ukuthuthukiswa nokulungiswa ithangi kukhona isikhali kahle kungase kutholakale wethulwa. Ngokushesha Vladimirov esindayo machine gun laqala cishe wonke amathangi ukukhiqizwa USSR. Kulesi ukuguqulwa, izingalo Ushintshe sina: i yesivalo kagesi (27b), akukho amadivayisi sextant, ezisetshenziswa esikhundleni nokuzwa optical ithangi emsebenzini umdubuli kambayimbayi nomyali.

E-Afrika, Russian umshini esindayo izibhamu kakhulu lidumile wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha: bajwayele njengoba wamabutho olusemthethweni noquqaba kwezigcwelegcwele assorted. abeluleki kwezempi khumbula ukuthi ojamele amabutho e-UN amasosha besaba kakhulu we-CPV, njengoba wahlala waqonda kalula nazo zonke izimoto ukukhanya armored owema kulo lonke elasentshonalanga amabutho ahlomile kulezo zindawo. Manje cishe zonke "lula" BTR ne BMP isitha ezingaba is kahle bavikelekile kulo mshini esindayo isibhamu. Kunoma ikuphi, projection engaphelele ukuba yena "shaqa" ngokuphelele.

Nokho, zonke izibhamu umshini esindayo Russia (USSR ngaleso sikhathi) yayithandwa kakhulu ezinhleni mujahideen e Afghanistan. Kukholakala ukuthi cishe 15% we-Soviet Mi-24 balahlekelwa izizathu bokulwa, badutshulwa phansi ngenxa yalezi zikhali.

Heavy izibhamu, NATO

Emazweni ukuvimba NATO ukuthuthukisa lezi zikhali ngokuyinhloko kwakungenxa kanye imizila efanayo, okuyinto ayefanekisela yezwe (isibonelo, ngomshini osezingeni izibhamu kucishe). Amasosha safuna enamandla nokunokwethenjelwa machine gun, ne impumelelo alinganayo ihlasela abesilisa ukryvshuyusya for uthango elihamba nokukhanya izimoto armored lesitha.

Nokho, kukhona umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi ezikoleni ezimbili izikhali-grade. Ngakho, i-German Wehrmacht umshini esindayo izibhamu jikelele kwakungafanele enkonzweni. Yingakho NATO ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa M2NV olulodwa, esiphila kuso manje nixoxe.

M2NV Browning, eU.SA

US Army idume yokuthi nguye ngokushesha ukushintsha izikhali ezisetshenziswa amasampula elisha futhi ethembisa. Endabeni M2NV lo mthetho akusebenzi. Lokhu "Umkhulu", eklanyelwe yi-Browning ziyaphawuleka, enkonzweni kusukela ngo-1919! Yiqiniso, isibhamu umshini MG-3, emi izingalo Bundeswehr futhi kokuba ikhophi MG-42 olwesimanje, "UHitler wabona" ingafaniswa naye nohlu lozalo lasendulo, kodwa lisebenzisa NATO 7,62h51 osezingeni.

Machine gun wangenela inkonzo ngo-1923. Ngo-1938, it ethuthukisiwe ngokunezela stem side. Empeleni, kuleli fomu, ke isasekhona. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lo "indoda endala" wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa ukuze ubhale off, njalo kokuqhuba imincintiswano ukulishintsha, kodwa kuze kube manje enye ngokwanele izikhali kungase kutholakale khona.

Umlando sokuthuthuka ithakazelisa kakhulu. US Army osidinga ngokuphuthumayo esindayo machine gun, oluzohlinzekela oluthembekayo ukuhlulwa isitha izindiza (kwafika oda kusuka Jikelele Pershing induna Expeditionary Force). Browning, owayebizwa siyaphela izinsuku wangena nje futhi enhle.

Kusukela esisekelweni isiphi isikhali kuyinto igobolondo, futhi ezanele umshini osezingeni sibhamu Yankees ngalezo zinsuku awuzange, wamane wathatha igobolondo 7,62 of design yayo futhi ngakhula ke kabili. Lesi isilinganiso kwabonakala yesikhashana, kodwa isinqumo waphumelela ngendlela emangalisayo: utholakala cishe kuwo wonke esindayo izibhamu eNtshonalanga usebenzisa lokhu nezinhlamvu.

By endleleni, le ndawo ukwenza akanhlanhlatsi. Kungenzeka uye waphawula ukuthi igobolondo, okuyinto esetshenziswa izikhali basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle kulesi sigaba, kuyinto cishe okufanayo. Sesixoxile mayelana nezizathu zalesi simo, kodwa ake sithi amagama ambalwa. Uma ubheka etafuleni ngokuqhathanisa, uzobona ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo izinhlamvu 14.5 mm umshini esindayo izibhamu phakathi NATO.

Lokhu futhi kungenxa umehluko emfundisweni yezempi: Yankees lokucabanga (hhayi ukwenza izinto ezingenangqondo) ukuthi imisebenzi yalolu hlobo kwezikhali ubhekana munition ubudala yakhelwe Browning. Konke has a gauge emikhulu, phezu ngezigaba entshonalanga kakade libhekisela "amathuluzi amancane" futhi ngenxa yalokho akuyona isibhamu umshini.

Gun "Browning M2 HQCB" (Belgium)

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inzalo Browning zakudala Kwatholakala ngokumangalisayo yimpumelelo, izici zayo ahlelwe, hhayi wonke amabutho Western. I baseBelgium lithanda kanye nami, abakade idume izinga izingalo njalo, unqume ukuqhuba sesimanje ukuzimela American machine gun. Empeleni, ekuqaleni inkampani Herstal ahlose ukwenza okuthile eyabo, kodwa ngenxa isidingo ukunciphisa izindleko inqubo kanye nokugcina embili ne ngemisebenzi ubudala, ochwepheshe baphoqeleka ukuba bayekethise.

Nokho, ku ngcono izikhali neze abathintekayo. Armourers Belgian ifakwe ngayo emgqonyeni esindayo nge indlela lula for "hot" esikhundleni salo. Lokhu yathuthuka kakhulu izimfanelo elwa kwezikhali. Ezinguqulweni phambilini, "thoroughbred" American "ezimbili" ngoba esikhundleni umgqomo kwakudingeka abantu okungenani ababili, futhi umsebenzi rarity yingozi. Abaningi izibalo zenith M2NV ukulungiswa abalahlekelwe iminwe kuwo. Njengokuvamile, wayithanda le isikhali kancane. Izibhamu Browning anti-aircraft ukuguqulwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yalesi sizathu kwathathelwa indawo "Oerlikon" izibhamu, ezazingekho kuphela enamandla kakhulu, kodwa futhi akudingeki lokhu kusimo.

Kwathiwa kungezwe sithuthukiswe-chrome kwangaphakathi kushaft ubukhulu, okuyinto landa survivability yayo ngisho nalapho ecindezeleke ukulwa. Ukuthwebula kusukela isibhamu yalesi ezihlukahlukene muhle ngoba esikhundleni somuntu oyedwa vó liyadingeka inombolo isiqu imisebenzi wokulungiselela lincishisiwe, futhi ingozi yokuthola igciwane ashisiwe cishe akekho.

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa kungenzeka ukunciphisa izindleko isibhamu-chrome. Iqiniso ukuthi wasebenzisa imiphongolo nge enamathela Stellite. Kwaba ezibizayo nokunye okuningi, futhi ukuphila inkonzo umgqomo okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ezincane kuno ukuthi lozakwabo, kwagcwala-chrome. Kuze kube yimanje, baseBelgium lithanda ukukhiqiza sesimanje kits ezihlukahlukene ezenza iyiphi M2NV ubudala zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela M2 HQCB amabutho abasebenzi regimental.

Machine gun L11A1 (HMG)

Nalapha futhi phambi kwethu - "okufanayo" Browning. Nokho, uhlelo olubhalwe ngolimi lwesiNgisi. Yiqiniso, kakhulu ngcono futhi ngcono. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakubheka njengodumo noma okungcono phakathi wonke ulayini "inzalo" M2VN.

Phakathi emisha - i-"hardware ezithambile". Uma sishiya eceleni isosha esihlatshelelwayo, kuba simiso Damping umthelela kanye vibration, ngenxa lapho esindayo machine gun kuba isikhali kakhulu, enembile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, gunsmiths neNkosi yakhe ethulwa enguqulweni yawo kohlelo okusheshayo-ushintsho emgqonyeni. Ngokuvamile, kuba ngezindlela eziningi esifana isikimu ezihlongozwayo, le baseBelgium lithanda.

eziphethweni

Uma siqhathanisa idatha kusuka kuleli thebula ngolwazi mayelana wendawo umshini esindayo isibhamu, kuba sobala ukuthi lesi sigaba izikhali ngokuyinhloko efanayo. Umahluko kulokho eyisisekelo izici lobuchwepheshe encane, ngomehluko obonakala mass. Western esindayo izibhamu nesisindo kakhulu ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zabo imfundiso lempi neze kuphakamisa Infantry isicelo sabo, ukuhlinzeka ukufakwa izikhali ezinjalo ku nezempi.

Okuvame kakhulu amabutho NATO izibhamu 5.56 futhi 7.62 (standard yabo, nakanjani). Ezinganele firepower amayunithi offset ngu inombolo enkulu lokudutshulwa eqeqeshwe kahle ikhava ezisebenza esimweni ukulwa eziqhelelene amaqembu zezindiza kanye / noma zempi. Ngempela, omunye umshini esindayo isibhamu ithangi aphindwa izikhathi eziyishumi namandla amandla ukulwa, ukuze le ndlela ilungelo lokuphila.