"Varyag" - izindiza yenethiwekhi. Incazelo, izici, izithombe

Aircraft abathwali - imikhumbi ngokubabazekayo ezazifanekisela amabutho isimo. Namuhla sibheka esindayo izindiza aphethe impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag", indaba okuyinto wawujabulisa futhi kuyindida. Idale umkhumbi eSoviet Union, eseqedile ukwakha ku Ukraine, futhi manje simi ku izingalo Chinese. Manje, izinto zokuqala kuqala. Ake uqale nge umlando umkhumbi.

Ukuqala ukwakhiwa

"11435" 4 Disemba 1985 Black Sea Shipyard wethula ikhanda impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu lo msebenzi. slipway ongakhiwe (ukwakhiwa platform) wema ezingenalutho isikhathi eside - ngokushesha kwemidwebo like izindiza yenethiwekhi (esindayo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu-yenethiwekhi). Lokhu umkhumbi okuthiwa "Riga". Ngokungafani impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ikhanda eyakhelwe Northern imikhumbi, entsha izindiza yenethiwekhi ukulungele ekusetshenzisweni Pacific Fleet. Yakhiwa emklamweni esifana imodeli ikhanda, igama eligcwele, ngenhlanhla, kuzwakala "eSoviet Union Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov". Nokho, kwakukhona abanye izinguquko. Chief phakathi kwabo - esikhundleni eziyinkimbinkimbi umsakazo-electronic kuya zanamuhla.

Ukuqalisa

Novemba 25, 1988 "Riga" wethulwa. It ukwakhiwa ntanta yaqedwa kufanele. Juni 19, 1990 umkhumbi anikwa igama elisha - "Varyag". Aircraft yenethiwekhi eyakhelwe ngokushesha ngempela, ukugcina uhlelo. Nokho, ekupheleni kuka-1991, lapho eSoviet Union zaqala kwesigaba, ukwakhiwa kumile. Ngo-1992, lapho umkhumbi wawususukile isilungele 68% mothballed yayo. Ngiphakathi Russia noma Ukraine wayengakwazi ukuqhubeka yokuxhasa iphrojekthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho kwahluleka ukuvikela. Lapho eseyiqedile lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela umkhumbi, imishini baqala ababengakuphanga 1993.

ukudayiswa

Ukuze umkhumbi alethwe okungenani ezinye izinzuzo, ke benquma ukuthengisa laqaqwa. Ngo-1997 i-ithenda ngamazwe kwamenyezelwa. Intengo eliphakeme - $ 20 million -. Ingabe ezihlongozwayo inkampani travel, ngokusekelwe kuleli koloni isiPutukezi of Macao. NgoMashi ngonyaka ozayo, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu wajoyina ekuchithweni kwayo. Ngokusho inkampani, wayezothola zisebenzisa sikebhe omkhulu bomkhumbi ukudala elintantayo ukuzijabulisa centre. kamuva kwavela ukuthi dummy inkampani. Futhi yena Macau koloni kungokwalabo Portugal ebolekiswe kuze kube sekupheleni 1999. Ngakho, kuze kube manje, siye indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi langempela "Varyag" Abathengi babé lasolwandle Chinese.

isitsha ethwele

Ukuze hudula ezifana enkulu umkhumbi ngokusebenzisa ezintathu izilwandle, kwathatha isikhathi esiningi kanye nemali. Inqubo kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga iqiniso lokuthi lo mkhumbi kwakungenziwanga ngamandla nokulawula uhlelo ifakiwe. Kusukela umkhumbi ifektri sathathwa ngo-June 2000. Ngenxa yezinkinga neziphathimandla Turkish zathi umkhumbi wahlala oLwandle Olumnyama uNovemba 2001. E-Aegean Sea umkhumbi sabanjwa nesiphepho futhi aphule kude nethonya. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, base bephinde behlangana kwezihibe, futhi umkhumbi wazungeza Afrika nge-Gibraltar. Khona-ke, ngo-Indian Ocean, kubuye Singapore, wayesemsebenzini South China Sea. Mashi 3, 2002, Esenze indlela 15,000 amamayela, "Varyag" waba eboshelwe emtateni Chinese Dalian.

I okwalandela isiphetho

Njengoba umkhumbi wathengiswa abe Scrap Metal, ukuthi akazange phakathi noma ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa imibhalo. Ngakho-ke, iminyaka emithathu, onjiniyela zaseChina wayifunda. Ngo-2005, kwaqala umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kanye kwaqedwa umkhumbi "Varyag". Aircraft yenethiwekhi, ngokusho idatha wokulungiselela, kwakufanele kube umkhumbi ukuqeqeshwa kwabashayeli abasha. Unofficially, kusho ukuthi "Varyag" uzobe kabusha "Shi Lang", behlonipha kumlawuli wamabutho asolwandle, okwathi ngo 1681 ngilinqobile esiqhingini Taiwan.

Ukugcwaliswa nokwenza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo

"Varyag" izindiza Soviet yenethiwekhi senziwa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Phakathi isikhathi eyize, yena laligcwele ukugqwala, kodwa izingxenye eziyinhloko (umzimba, ngombala, ngezikulufo kanye boilers) ziye zalondolozwa zisesimweni esihle. Izintambo, imishini kagesi, kanye nanoma yini eyokusiza ukuba ingebiwa, wathunjwa umkhumbi ngesikhathi lilondolozwe Nikolaev. Ngakho-ke, ukuletha umkhumbi kusimo ukulwa, amaShayina kwadingeka ukuba afeze umsebenzi omkhulu. Njengoba babengenawo, phansi isimiso sikagesi amadokhumenti kwadingeka ukuba athuthukiswe kusuka ekuqaleni. Futhi-ke kwakudingekile ukuhlomisa izikhali impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Kwenze emkhunjini siphelile kwaba nzima kakhulu kunokuba ukwakha ngalo sisitsha.

Abakhi bemikhumbi Chinese ukuba ikhokhe intela. Babhekana umsebenzi, futhi ngo-August ka-2011 waqala ukuhlola izici ukushayela ka umkhumbi othwala izindiza. Cishe ngonyaka umkhumbi wawususukile ku novivinyo kolwandle, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ngokuthi ngesikhathi Dalian port ukuqeda izikhalazo izisebenzi.

Ekuqaleni Septhemba 2012 abagibele impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ukulayishwa izinhlamvu ngokuhlola izikhali. Ukuze 25 September kulonyaka, esiphathiswa ngokusemthethweni zahlangana amaShayina Navy. Ukuze kuhlonishwe omunye izifundazwe Chinese umkhumbi okuthiwa "Liaoning". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwaba khona lutho isimo sezemfundo bomkhumbi. Namuhla, kubonakala sengathi, kubhekwa usuyinto ukulwa iyunithi.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi eSoviet izindiza yenethiwekhi esemanzini efanayo, okuyinto ekuqaleni esetshenziswa kuphela ngaphansi ifulegi ezahlukene. Manje cabanga ohlangothini lwezobuchwepheshe ngaphandle komkhumbi.

izikhali

I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ngeke bashiywe ngaphandle abangaphumelelanga, eyabekwa phezu kwayo iphrojekthi Soviet. Lase sikuhlomele neqoqo sakugcina izikhali ezidingekayo ngenhloso yokuzivikela. Ngokufanayo ifakwe US imikhumbi lesi sigaba.

onjiniyela Russian ukholelwa ukuthi le mayini ngaphansi main isiteleka imikhumbi eziyinkimbinkimbi yawa, aguqulwa isitoreji amafutha kanye ezakhiwe ngayo iqembu emoyeni.

izindiza Heavy ethwele impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag", isithombe olubheka olubabazeka kakhulu, nge kwaqedwa Chinese Navy lithole anti-aircraft kwezikhali zokukhiqiza wendawo. Ithuba kanye nokwakheka ke ngezinye izikhathi kunabayeni ukuthi kulindeleke ukuba project. Njengoba for izindiza ukwakhiwa kwezikhali, ukuchumisa ke ngoba izindiza zayo yenethiwekhi China idale version okhethekile fighter J-11. Phela, lokhu imodeli ikhophi eSoviet Su-27. Eziguquliwe J-11 anikwa igama elisha - J-15.

Ngaphezu izindiza kwi emphemeni ezinophephela emhlane uzobe elise-Z 18 no-Z-9. Ukuze imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo radar patrol China aluthola Russian Ka-31. Ngokuvamile, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu iqembu emoyeni siqukethe 24 esisetshenziselwa fighter izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ASW 6, 4 no-2 indiza AEW search and khulula ezinophephela emhlane.

ukuxhumana nezinye izinto

On the "Varyag" (zezindiza impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, okuyinto ayibanga ukuziqhenya entsha lamazwe WaseSoviet) ekwakhiweni, kwanqunywa ukubeka uhlelo radar (RFCs) "ithimba" esikhundleni efakwe umkhumbi lead "Mars-Passat". Ngakho-ke, isikhala ngaphansi okuthunyelwe antenna "Mars-Passat" kokuvalelwa.

Ekupheleni umkhumbi e China kulezi zindawo ozifakile afanayo RLK 348 izinhlobo ukukhiqizwa Chinese. Ngakho, "Liaoning" efanayo nakakhulu umkhumbi lead ngaphandle kuhlulekile "Varyag". Aircraft impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu futhi got a ujikelezisa radar antenna Chinese "Sea Eagle" esiteshini.

Njengoba for izindiza yesondlo ingxenye, "Liaoning" agcinwayo zonke izici isici iphrojekthi Soviet. Phakathi kwabo ivelele: the ezintathu kokuqala izikhundla ne Gaz amabhodi Okumangaza futhi kususa ukubambezeleka, trampoline esikhundleni izihlilingi optical kokwehla uhlelo, futhi ebopha igiya intambo-uhlobo imishini emine wokubacindezela ngoba amabhuleki.

Esikhathini emkhunjini, emaphethelweni kwesokunxele imodeli American isethwe isikhundla evulekile kokwehla ezibukwayo ikhanda. Esikhathini iposi Soviet izindiza yenethiwekhi kuyinto gumbi glassed ebiyelwe, okuyinto kangcono isimo sezulu kanye neNyakatho Ekude.

ihhovisi

Ngo-1991, iSoviet Union ukwakheka nezisebenzi ukuze kwakhiwe le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Uye wamiswa induna umkhumbi. Zaba uCaptain Okokuqala Rank uVladimir Vysotsky. Man ngaphambilini wayala umkhumbi "Minsk". Ngo-1993, amatilosi yahlakazeka.

On 4 Novemba 2012 lapho wangena inkonzo umkhumbi othwala izindiza "Liaoning" liye laba yindawo ukulingwa kolwandle, futhi ukuqeqeshwa lunye pilot fighter J-15. 5 Novemba ngawo lowo nyaka, ngokokuqala ngqá emlandweni Chinese, ukufika kwendiza phezu esemkhunjini kwenziwa nge hook ikhebula.

Ngo-December 2013, omunye phezulu emikhunjini, "Liaoning" okugada cishe yashayisana ngesikhathi South China Sea ne impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu American USS Cowpens. Zombili izinhlangothi baye basolwa yokuthi angisizwanga kahle nomunye.

Novemba 7, 2014 kwi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Liaoning" wavakashela Melika UNobhala wezokuVikela Chak Heygel. Ukufika ku esemthethweni ukuvakashelwa eChina, ebuza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba sibheke China lokuqala izindiza yenethiwekhi. Ngemva uhambo lwamahora amabili ngezinyawo emkhunjini Hagel kahle kuchazwe izinga lokuqeqeshwa izisebenzi we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Nokho, wathi, amaShayina kusadingeka kunokuningi okufanele sikufunde emkhakheni yenethiwekhi Based izindiza.

Ngo-September 2015, enye imidiya, wabika ukuthi "Liaoning" efika e iMedithera eboshelwe emtateni umAram Tartus. Kusolwa ukuthi lokhu izindaba limane disinformation. Iqiniso lokuthi umaka enjalo cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba ngomkhumbi waphawuleka yonkana-Indian nasePacific Ocean Oceans.

Umkhumbi ubuciko

"Varyag" - izindiza yenethiwekhi, okuyinto kuze 2000 kwaba ngo Nikolaev mayelana izindwangu izindonga, waba isisekelo sezinguqulo esiqintini fantastic indaba "uhambo." Uzungu kwakugxile a oqanjiwe sidle izindiza yenethiwekhi "Dmitry Pozharsky". Nendoda evela e-nenkathi yamaSoviet khulumela e Primorsk, futhi kamuva zithengiswa. Ngokusho indaba impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu shot isibhamu 2017 kuye kwaholela ahlomile kuvukela, injongo owawungumnyaka ukubuya Soviet amandla.

indaba Fantastic "Operation Spear" AI Pervushina futhi ishicilelwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Cruiser Varyag". Aircraft yenethiwekhi, izimfanelo okuyinto sibuyekeze namuhla, esiqintini indaba ebekwa ithengiswe ukuhamba izinkampani, futhi empeleni waya ogwini Antarctica ukucinga mshini imilingo. Emkhankasweni amaqembu impi umkhumbi yenethiwekhi kuqhathaniswa amabutho asolwandle of America, futhi wayefuna ukuthola umcebo.

Yilokho izindiza yenethiwekhi "Varyag", isithombe okuyinto okusenza sidumale abanye, baba samuntu zokudala futhi engaqondakali abavamile GEOPOLITICS.

isiphetho

Namuhla esizifundile kunzima kanjani indaba umkhumbi "Varyag". Aircraft yenethiwekhi, ukudalulwa manje eselaziwa asenze zona, angithi senziwe eSoviet, ibutho Russian noma Ukrainian, uma ngenxa yobudedengu kwakungelona azinakwa kudayiselwa izimbangi zamasu.