Umkhakha Indian. Umkhakha Nezolimo India

Omunye emazweni ezanda emhlabeni, India ubhekwa namuhla. Umkhakha Lezokulima abangazazi eziphethwe uhulumeni. Indima mikhakha e-GDP kumiswa kubalulekile. Uma kuqala kulaba-akhawunti 29%, bese yesibili - 32%. I share elikhulu GDP (mayelana 39%) basonta emkhakheni wemisebenzi. The main izimboni of India - kuyinto yokusansimbi ayoni, isiqoqi sama-softwe, amandla, umkhakha ukukhanya futhi amakhemikhali umkhakha. On kubo kuzoxoxwa kabanzi ngezansi.

yokusansimbi

Idoyelo yokusansimbi ingenye izindawo ezibalulekile emnothweni kazwelonke. Lokhu akusona isimanga, njengoba izwe ligcwele idiphozithi yanoma ore namalahle. Kolkata laba isikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu esifundeni, ogama endaweni uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Indian Ruhr". Izitshalo ngobukhulu steel kuleli zwe zitholakala ngokuyinhloko amazwe asempumalanga. Ngokuvamile, le industry sisebenzela ukuqinisekisa izidingo sangaphakathi isimo. Phakathi kwazo zonke amaminerali ekhishwe India ithumela kwamanye amazwe kuphela manganese, mica, bauxite, futhi abanye ore yensimbi.

Umkhakha evuthiwe of non-ayoni yokuncibilikisa insimbi aluminiyamu kungenziwa ngokuthi, okuyinto uncika izinqolobane zalo siqu enkulu izinto zokusetshenziswa. Isidingo nezinye izinsimbi non-ayoni is ifinyelelwe ngo ukungeniswa.

ubunjiniyela

Imboni selenze inqubekela phambili kakhudlwana kule minyaka yamuva. Ngiphephile athuthukile kubandakanye izindawo ezifana ka kwamakalishi, umkhumbi, imoto futhi ukwakhiwa izindiza. Bhizinisi elaliphambili eNdiya zinikezwa ngezithukuthuku zabo umshini-ukwakha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izwe ukhiqiza cishe zonke izinhlobo imishini. Kule ndawo kukhona ezingaphezu kuka-40 amabhizinisi, ukuthi akuphi emadolobheni amakhulu isimo.

yendwangu umkhakha

Umthombo ngobukhulu emisebenzi kuleli lizwe isibe basembonini yendwangu eNdiya. Ngokusho idatha kohlaziyo, manje iqashe bendawo abangaba yizigidi ezingu-20. Ngo-2005, uhulumeni ezaqedwa eziningi izintela nezimali embonini, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo a inflow abalulekile ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo. Ngemva kwalokho, ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu isikhathi, Kulomkhakha emnothweni siguqulwe kusuka okonakele kuleli eyanda ngokushesha kangaka. ekukhuleni kwayo okusheshayo iyeke ngo-2008. Isizathu inhlekelele yembulunga yonke futhi ukwehla ezifunwayo ezimakethe zomhlaba ngoba nendwangu eNdiya.

Lokhu umkhakha uyekile angabi muhle zimali, okuyinto eyabangela ukuncipha ka mayelana 800 ayizinkulungwane lemisebenzi okudalwe kule mboni. Iziphathimandla Okwamanje ukwenza eziningi izinyathelo ezihlose kokuzincisha ukwakhiwa Mills. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi amancane ezisebenza kulo mkhakha.

chemical umkhakha

Izindleko zokukhiqiza, okuyinto minyaka yonke ukhiqiza chemical umkhakha e-India, yisilinganiso sesifundo 32 bhiliyoni aseMelika. Okwamanje, umkhakha ihlangabezana eziningi izinkinga, okuyinto zibangelwa amanani aphezulu of izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye izindlela zokukhiqiza, kanye nokuncintisana owabuzwa izimpahla amazwe.

Inzuzo kule mboni iye kancane kancane kuyancipha ngisho nineties kwekhulu elidlule. Manje izwe kancane kancane ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa umquba amaminerali, amakhemikhali endwangwini, epulasitikini futhi zokwenziwa kuyo izihlahla zenjoloba. sphere okunjalo, njengoba imboni eyenza imithi eNdiya, ithumela kwamanye amazwe ukwakhiwa kanye kusho i isilinganiso 18 izigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka. Inkinga eyinhloko embonini itholakala lokuthi ukuthi kuphela nengxenye encane lemikhiqizo imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa. I isiqondiso kuphela okungukuthi futhi liyaqhubeka likhula kakhulu, - zamagama emihle organic.

energetics

Nakuba imboni yezamandla India futhi ithuthuka ngokushesha kakhulu, izidingo zasendlini sabantu kaphethiloli enikeziwe ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukhuni imfucuza wezolimo. Isizinda of amalahle esezinzile ingxenye esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yezwe. Iyiswa ezishisayo izitshalo amandla abasakwazi eqolo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kwakha ngu-60% kagesi elakhiwe.

Isinyathelo esibalulekile ekufezeni kudalwa yesimanje ukwakhiwa amandla simiso Hydro kanye namandla enuzi isibe. Ingxenye emqulwini ugesi engeyokuqala eyakhishwa kuyinto 38%, kanti okwesibili - 2%.

Laphaya yembathani ngamafutha, kepha lo umkhakha, embonini kawoyela e-India, kakhulu kabi athuthukile. Ukucubungula "igolide abamnyama" ihlelwe ngcono kakhulu, kodwa uncika kakhulu izinto zokusetshenziswa amazwe. izinkampani ezinkulu zitholakala izintuba ezinkulu - Bombay futhi Madras.

ezolimo

Ngo isakhiwo wezolimo e-India ubuswa nokukhiqiza izitshalo. The main izitshalo zokudla etshalwa - kuyinto kakolweni nelayisi. Indima ebalulekile udlalwa yi-Ukucaciswa ukuthekelisa grade, okuhlanganisa ukotini, itiye, umoba nogwayi.

Ukubusa lalezi zimbali ezikhula kubangelwa ikakhulu izimo zezulu. Rainy isizini ihlobo inikeza ngezimo ekahle kakhulu yokutshala ukotini, irayisi nomhlanga, kuyilapho lencike kancane umswakama izitshalo (ibhali nekoroyi) ezihlwanyelwe ezomile ebusika. Ngakho, lesi sitshalo e-India ethuthuka unyaka wonke. oludonsa in izitshalo ukudla State.

Ngokuyinhloko, ngenxa yokuthi i-Hindu isilwane ukunakekela kuleli zwe cishe akwenzeki. Iqiniso lokuthi lokhu akuyona nje inkolo alikhuthazi nokudliwa kwenyama, kodwa futhi ubiza "ezingcolile" ngisho izikebhe ukucutshungulwa izikhumba.

isiphetho

Ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha eNdiya buthola umfutho. Ngokuya ubukhulu eliphelele esimweni saso phakathi abaholi bezwe eziyishumi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezingeni komkhiqizo kazwelonke ezibangelwa lengenako liphansi kakhulu. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi India - kuyinto ezweni ezimbonini-kwezolimo, lapho ngisho kusukela ezikhathini wamakoloni ugcine emnothweni nge ukukhiqizwa oqavile wezolimo.