Ezintathu okhombisa motor e owodwa esigabeni amanethiwekhi. Wiring isigaba motor

Kunezimo empilweni uma ufuna ukufaka ezinye uhlobo imishini ezimbonini abavamile amapayipi emakhaya. Bese kuba khona inkinga inombolo izintambo. On imishini yakhelwe ukusebenza ezitshalweni, ezikhumulweni, imvamisa emalunga lamatsatfu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezine, futhi. Okufanele ukwenze nabo, lapho ukuxhuma kubo? Labo ababezama ukuzama izinto ezahlukene ongazikhetha, qiniseka ukuthi izinjini musa nje ufuna spin. Kungenzeka ukuxhuma olulodwa-isigaba ezintathu okhombisa motor? Yebo, ungakwazi sifinyelele umjikelezo. Ngeshwa, kulesi simo, amandla nakanjani siwe cishe isigamu, kodwa kwezinye izimo kuba - kuphela indlela yokuphuma.

Voltage ezintathu okhombisa inethiwekhi, isilinganiso sabo

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukuxhuma nenjini ezintathu okhombisa eziko ezivamile, kufanele baqonde indlela ezihlobana voltage in an inethiwekhi ezimbonini. Voltage amagugu baziwa - 220 kanye 380 volts. Ngaphambili, kwaba namanje 127, kodwa zamashumi ayisihlanu ka le ndlela yasala dengwane esivuna ngaphezulu ukuphakama. Lapho benza lezi "izinombolo magic"? Kunganjani 100 noma 200, noma 300? Kubonakala kulula izinombolo round ukucabangela.

Iningi imishini industrial kagesi yakhelwe uxhumano ezintathu okhombisa uhlelo lokwabelana ngamafayela. Voltage yisigaba ngasinye ngokumelene wire kokungathathi hlangothi kuyinto 220 volts, njengawo ku ekhaya lakho yokuxhuma. akazange Uvelaphi 380? Kulula ngokwanele ukuba ucabangele unxantathu isosceles nge engele 60, 30 no-30 degrees, okuyinto idayagramu vector of voltages. Ubude ohlangothini elide ulingana nobude senyonga, iphindwe cos 30 °. Ngemva izibalo ezilula kuyabonakala ukuthi 220 x cos 30 ° = 380.

isigaba motor apharathasi

Akuwona wonke izinhlobo izinjini zezimboni kungenziwa eziqhutshwa kusukela esigabeni esisodwa. Okuvame kakhulu babo - the "workhorses" ezakha iningi imishini kagesi kunoma iyiphi ibhizinisi - imishini indlela ephethe namandla 1 - 1.5 kVA. Kusho nenjini ezintathu okhombisa e ezintathu okhombisa izinhlelo, okuyiwona wona kuhloswe kanjani?

Umsunguli wale divayisi wamavukelambuso kwaba usosayensi Russian Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky. Lokhu unjiniyela oluvelele kagesi kwaba umsekeli imfundiso yokuziphendukela ezintathu okhombisa amapayipi, okuyinto esikhathini sethu isibe evelele. Okungavumelanisiwe motor isigaba imisinga imisebenzi by lokungeniswa kusukela Windings stator ku babashayeli Rotor zivaliwe. Ngenxa yalokho nesenzakalo abo Windings sesiwancamulile lapho kuwo ngamunye kukhona amandla kazibuthe baxhumana stator nezintambo zikagesi. etholwe Ngakho torque, okuholela motion isiyingi of eksisi motor.

I Windings ahlelwe i-engela 120 °, kanjalo ujikelezisa ensimini ezivezwa ngamunye izigaba ngokulandelana odlulela magnetizable ohlangothini Rotor ngamunye.

A unxantathu noma inkanyezi?

Ezintathu okhombisa motor e ezintathu okhombisa izinhlelo kungenziwa luvulwe ngezindlela ezimbili - ne hlangothi noma ngaphandle kwakhe. Indlela yokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi" kuleli cala, ngamunye Windings ungaphakathi esigabeni voltage (isigaba zero) alinganayo ezimweni kwethu 220 V Wiring "unxantathu" ezintathu okhombisa motor kuhilela ukuxhumana Windings ezintathu kanye supply umugqa (380) voltage yonkana ISIZINDA usuke. Esimeni sesibili, motor uyoveza obukhulu cishe uhhafu amandla.

Indlela yokuvula i-motor kolunye uhlangothi?

Control ezintathu okhombisa motor ingase isikisele ushintsho isiqondiso Ukujikeleza e okuphambene, okusho ukuhlanekezela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga nje ushintshashintsha amabili izintambo yalaba abathathu.

Ukuze kube lula, ushintsho schema ebhokisini motor esibulalayo zinikezwa webs, wenza ngokuvamile wethusi. Ukuvula "inkanyezi" ngobumnene ukuxhuma okukhipha izintambo ezintathu we Windings ndawonye. "Triangle" uthola kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa futhi kungaba asingathe noma yisiphi neziqu kagesi yesibili.

Isigaba-ukuguquguquka umthamo

Ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi nawu umbuzo, indlela ukuxhuma nenjini ezintathu okhombisa e esiku ikhaya yokuxhuma. Uma nje uzama ukuxhumeka plug izintambo ezimbili, ngeke uphendukisa. Ukuze uthole ibhizinisi, kubalulekile ukuba balingise esigabeni ukuguquguquka voltage osetshenziswayo ezinye engela (mhlawumbe 120 °). Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu ukusebenza, ungakwazi, uma ukusebenzisa isici isigaba-kwethunzi. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kungase kube kanye inductance, ngisho ukumelana, kodwa ngokuvamile ezintathu okhombisa motor ngo lwesigaba kunethiwekhi eyodwa icushiwe usebenzisa kagesi capacitance (capacitor), okukhulunywa ngayo encwadini Latin C. Wezikimu

Ngokuphathelene zokusebenza ESIKLINYAYO, kunzima ukunquma ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi namagugu abo (uma aluboniswa kudivayisi). Ukulinganisa ezidlula L edingekayo idivayisi ekhethekile noma eqoqwe kule scheme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhethwa ESIKLINYAYO etholakalayo ngokuvamile kungagcini. Nokho, noma yimuphi zokuhlola isici isigaba-ukuguquguquka iyakwazi, kodwa kuyinto enzima.

Kwenzekani lapho injini ivuliwe? Kolunye amaphuzu uxhumano sidla zero, ngakolunye - esigabeni, futhi eyesithathu - zihlala zinamandla athile sigudluke ngumuntu engela ezithile maqondana isigaba. Sula futhi engadingi ochwepheshe abazimele ukuthi umsebenzi injini ngeke ephelele mayelana mechanical amandla shaft, kodwa kwezinye izimo kuba Ukujikeleza eyanele yokuthi. Nokho, ekuqaleni kungase kuphakame ezinye izinkinga ezifana ukungabi khona okuqala, uyakwazi ukuhambisa Rotor kusukela besezihlalweni zabo. Okufanele ukwenze kuleli cala?

i capacitor isiqalo

Ngesikhathi ukuqala kushaft imizamo eyengeziwe adingekayo ukuze kunqotshwe amabutho inertia nokungqubuzana static. Ukuze wandise torque, kubalulekile ukuba ufake capacitor ezengeziwe exhunywe kwi-wesifunda kuphela ekuqaleni, ngaleso sikhathi ucishiwe. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, ukhetho best ukusebenzisa isikhundla lokuvala pushbutton. Wiring idayagramu for ezintathu okhombisa motor ne capacitor kokuqala aboniswe ngezansi, kuba elula neqondile. Ngesikhathi isicelo voltage kufanele chofoza inkinobho "Qala", futhi uqale capacitor kuzodala ezengeziwe isigaba shift. Ngemva injini untwisted kwenkinobho isivinini oyifunayo, ungakwazi (futhi kufanele) uyayekela futhi nje umthamo ukusebenza siyohlala wesifunda.

Ukubalwa amagugu capacitance

Ngakho, sathola ukuthi ukuze unike amandla motor ezintathu okhombisa e owodwa esigabeni amanethiwekhi zidinga eyengeziwe wiring idayagramu lapho, ngaphezu inkinobho isiqalo, kuhlanganisa capacitors ezimbili. Badinga ukwazi ukubaluleka, kungenjalo uhlelo ngeke zisebenze. Ukuze uqale nge Sichaza kagesi capacitance inani elidingekayo ukuphoqelela Rotor ukuba aqhele. Ixhunyiwe parallel kuba isamba:

C = Cm + Cp, lapho:

C v - ukuqala capacitance ezengeziwe switchable ngemva kokukhamba;

C p - the capacitor ukusebenza, esihlinzeka ngokushintshana.

Nokho sidinga ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba ukalwe zamanje mina n (it is lokuphekiwe ilebula enamathiselwe injini efektri). Lokhu ipharamitha kunganqunywa usebenzisa ifomula kuqondile:

Mina N = P / (3 x U), lapho:

U - voltage at yokuxhuma "inkanyezi" - 220, futhi uma "unxantathu", the 380 V;

P - amandla ezintathu okhombisa motor, ngezinye izikhathi endabeni ukulahlekelwa zingcwecwe kunqunywa iso.

Ngakho, kuye ngokuthi edingekayo amandla okusebenza ibalwa:

Cp = Cp = 2800 N I / U - i- "Star";

C p = 4800 N I / U - I-"unxantathu";

Ukuqala capacitor kufanele sibe ngaphezu ukusebenza 2-3. Iyunithi yokulinganisa - microfarad.

Kukhona indlela kakhulu silula ukubala capacitance: C = P / 10, kodwa lokhu ifomula enikeza oda izinombolo kunokuba ukubaluleka kwayo. Nokho, ukungcola noma kunjalo kubalulekile.

Kungani kudingeka ukulungiswa

Indlela ukubala okungenhla ziwukulinganisela. Okokuqala, inani okuzisholo izindlu besikhundla kagesi kungahluka kakhulu kusukela langempela. Okwesibili, iphepha capacitors (ngokuvamile, into hhayi ezishibhile) lisetshenziswa njalo isandla yesibili, zinjalo zonke izinhlobo zezinye izinto, kuncike ukuguga, okuholela kuka ukuze nakakhulu wathi ipharamitha. Okwesithathu, lamanje ezokwenza iyoshiswa injini incike umthwalo mechanical ku shaft, ngakho-ke ungakwazi kuphela ukuhlola Ucwaningo. Indlela ukukwenza?

Kuyodinga kancane ukubekezela. Umphumela ungase ube ukungahambisani isethi ngempela voluminous ka capacitors exhunywe ngokulinganisa kanye chungechunge. Into esemqoka - emva wonke umsebenzi omuhle ukuze ulungise, ukuze singathwesi ewa emikhawulweni soldered vibrations lovela injini. Bese yilutho ahlolisise imiphumela mhlawumbe lula design.

Ukudweba up iziqukathi ibhethri

Uma anawo amakhosi Awekho izibungu ekhethekile electrolytic, okuvumela ukuba ukukala zamanje ngaphandle kokuphula ngamaketanga, kubalulekile ukuxhuma i ammeter ochungechungeni ngocingo ngamunye, konke okubaliwe motor ezintathu okhombisa. Esikhathini kunethiwekhi eyodwa okhombisa ayozithola inani, nokukhetha capacitors kufanele silwele ukwenza iyunifomu kakhulu ukulayisha coil. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho uDaisy capacitance Imininingwane incipha ngokomthetho:

1 / C = 1 / C1 +1 / C2 ... nokunye, futhi ngokulinganisa - kunalokho, sibangelwa.

Futhi, akufanele ukhohlwe mayelana nemingcele ezibalulekile ezifana voltage phezu capacitor ibalwa. Akufanele kube ngaphansi kwenani ngokulinganisa of inethiwekhi, futhi kungcono Reserve.

osenyameni Resistor

Isikimu isigaba motor exhunywe phakathi umusho owodwa kanye umqhubi hlangothi, ngezinye izikhathi kulekelelwa ukumelana. Usebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokho kumangalelwa kwakuyiqiniso ngesikhathi capacitor kokuqala is hhayi zanqwabelana ezisele ngemuva umshini kuvaliwe. Lokhu amandla kungabangela umuntu abanjwe ugesi, okungeyona ingozi, kodwa kubuhlungu ngempela. Ukuze ivikeleke, ukuba parallel starting capacitance ukuxhuma Resistor (y ngogesi ibizwa ngokuthi "shunt"). Inani ukumelana layo mkhulu - kusuka nengxenye ukuba Meg Meg, futhi ubukhulu kuyinto encane, babukeke kahle kakhulu namandla poluvattnoy. Nokho, uma umsebenzisi akesabi ukuba "ingcosana", ukuthi ngaphandle kwalo mniningwane kungenzeka ngempela ukwenza.

Ukusebenzisa electrolyte

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, ifilimu noma iphepha capacitances ezibizayo ukuthenga, they are cha elula njengokuthi singathanda. Ungakwazi ukukhiqiza a single-isigaba uxhumano ezintathu okhombisa izinjini usebenzisa engabizi futhi iyatholakala capacitors electrolytic. Kulokhu, kakhulu eshibhile, nabo ngeke, njengoba ukumelana 300 volts DC. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, kufanele shunted Semiconductor diode (D 245 no-D 248, isibonelo), kodwa kuyasiza ukuba sikhumbule ukuthi voltage kushintshana uthola kuya electrolyte, futhi kuqala kakhulu nokushisa up ngesikhathi Ukungena yalezi amadivaysi, bese qhumisa, elikhulu futhi umxhwele. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwalapho kudingeka ngempela, kungcono ukusebenzisa efanayo iphepha uhlobo capacitors, voltage kuyinto Nokho variable okungenani njalo,. Ezinye amakhosi ngempela avumele ukusetshenziswa electrolyte yesifunda yokuqala. Ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane ukuchayeka i voltage kushintshana, bangase angabi naso isikhathi sokupheka qhumisa. Kungcono ukuba ulinge.

Uma kungekho capacitors

Lapho izakhamuzi ezivamile abangenayo ukufinyelela ethengiswa kakhulu kunazo izingxenye kagesi nawe-elekthronikhi, ukuthenga kubo? Ngezinye izimakethe zigcwele futhi "izimakethe zigcwele". Alapho, ukunakekelwa vypayat (ngokuvamile abadala) izandla kothile imishini yokuwasha ubudala, amathelevishini nezinye izinto ishicilelwe abendlu futhi isakhiwo nobuchwepheshe ezimbonini. Ukucela mikhiqizo Soviet ukukhiqizwa okuningi: nabathengisi wazi ukuthi uma into kuyadingeka, kuyoba ukuthenga, kanti uma kungenjalo - futhi isipho ngeke uthathe. Kwenzeka ukuthi nje izidingo eziyisisekelo (kulokhu capacitor) nje. Futhi wenzani? Akunandaba! Yehla kanye resistors, kudingeka enamandla kuphela, okungcono Ceramic futhi vitrified. Yiqiniso, ekahle ukumelana (umsebenzi) isigaba akusho shift, kodwa akukho lutho kuleli zwe aluphelele, futhi kulesi simo kukuhle. Njalo umzimba wenyama has a self-inductance, umthamo kagesi resistivity, kungaba Ucezwana oluncane uthuli noma entabeni enkulu. Ukuvula motor ezintathu okhombisa e isokhethi sezivuma ngokufaka esikhundleni impedance capacitor ku Wezikimu ngenhla, ihlelo ebalwa ngu ifomula:

R = (0,86 x U) / KI, lapho:

KI - nenani lamanje ukuze ezintathu okhombisa uxhumano, kanye;

U - siqotho 220 volts.

Yini izinjini ngeke asondele?

Ngaphambi okuzuzayo imali eningi neyezicubu umnikazi oqondileyo uhlose ukusebenzisa njengendlela drive for isondo ukugaya, babona isiyingi, sokuprakthiza cindezela noma ezinye iyiphi idivayisi ekhaya ewusizo akusho ubuhlungu ukucabanga mayelana nokusebenza yayo le njongo. Akuwona wonke umuntu kuyinto motor ezintathu okhombisa e single phase supply ingasebenza nhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, uchungechunge MA (squirrel-yezinyoni yakhe Rotor nge yezinyoni double) kumele isuswe ukuze singathwesi kufanele Lug ekhaya isisindo eside futhi engenamsebenzi. Ngokuvamile, kungcono kakhulu ukunquma ukuthi experiment wokuqala, noma umeme nomuntu abanolwazi, ugesi, isibonelo, futhi uxhumane nabo ngaphambi uthenga. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu efanelekayo ezintathu okhombisa indlela motor uchungechunge Uad, i-APN, AO2, inkampani okuhlangene isitokwe futhi, yebo, futhi uA Lezi amakhodi eziboniswe nameplate.