Olinganise endaweni oyimpumputhe ukhonkolo: ukubala, izici, ukwakheka kanye nezincomo

endaweni Blind - ngempela esibalulekile yezakhiwo kwesakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, uma kuthululwe kuthiwa abulunge ubuchwepheshe ezithile. Okokuqala kubalulekile ukulungiselela isixazululo. Uma olinganise ukhonkolo endaweni izimpumputhe zinganeliswa isikhathi eside esikhathini esizayo ngeke ukukhonza.

aphoyintimenti

Umsebenzi oyinhloko endaweni oyimpumputhe isakhiwo Yiqiniso, lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela okuyingxenye komhlaba kwesisekelo amanzi emvula futhi meltwater. Ukuhlelwa kwalesi sakhi yezakhiwo, ngaleyo ndlela, kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ukunweba isisekelo inkonzo yendlu. Uma izwe abahlala eduze egumbini izohlala ezomile, ngaphandle yini enye, kuyoba ukunciphisa umthwalo entwasahlobo ngesikhathi ugonyuluka kwenhlabathi. Ngezinye izikhathi isakhiwo endaweni izimpumputhe futhi wenza esinye umsebenzi - ukhonza njengelungu yokuhamba. Futhi uma indlu utshani eduze nalo kubuye kube elula kakhulu ukuba nifeze wokunisela.

Izimfuneko endaweni izimpumputhe

Nge ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhi yezakhiwo kwesakhiwo ukuhambisana nemithetho anjalo SNIP:

• Ububanzi endaweni izimpumputhe ekilasini inhlabathi bengingeke ngibe ngaphansi kuka-1 m, ngoba Class II - 2 m.
• I ukujiya esiphezulu inhlabathi ohlangene ngaphansi iribhoni ukhonkolo - 0.15 mm.
• Ubuncane emthambekeni otmostki - 0.03 m.
• isihlabathi isiguqo ukujiya ngaphansi tape akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-3 cm.

Phakathi ethela otmostka saziso kwagcizelela nge ngehele metal. Ukuze ukuhlela ungqimba amanzi kumele kusetshenziswe imfucumfucu.

Kusukela okungase kuxhomeke izinga ngokhonkolo

Abanye abanikazi izindlu zasemaphandleni kubhekwa ukuthi, kusukela isici isakhi isakhiwo akukho umthwalo ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi operation azinakugcinwa, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi, ngisho hhayi ukuxubana okuhle kakhulu kuye. Nokho, akunjalo. Ingxenye Ukhonkolo endaweni abayizimpumputhe, qiniseka ukuhambisana. Ngempela, ukubhujiswa kwalo (ngokuhlaziya futhi spalling) isisekelo endlini ngokushesha uqala obala umswakama. Ngenxa yalokho, kwehlisa kakhulu ekuphileni inkonzo, sonke isakhiwo.

Ngokusho SNIP kwezinkambiso ngoba lesi sici ezakhiwo endlini ovunyelwe ukusebenzisa ukhonkolo sha ukuxubana akuyona aphansi ukwedlula M200, okuhambelana ikilasi B-15. Ukuze silungiselele le ngxube, kubalulekile ukukhetha ilungelo usimende, inhlabathi kanye yamathebhu. Futhi-ke, badinga zixutshwe olinganise kwesokudla.

Yini umkhiqizo kasimende ukuthenga

Le ngxenye okungenani, futhi inquma ukuthi izinga ngeke Ukwakheka ekugcineni ukhonkolo endaweni abayizimpumputhe. Olinganise yezingxenye asele kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko inani usimende. Ukuze Izingxube ukhonkolo ikilasi B-15 kuyadingeka ukuze ukhethe ibanga impahla M400. usimende enjalo ine izici ezilandelayo:

• Ubude besikhathi isiwombe - amahora 2-4 at lokushisa kuma +18 ... + 22 ° C.
• Operating lokushisa ububanzi - -60 kuya +300 ° C.
• Life of isakhiwo - kuze kube iminyaka engu-100.

Ready grade ukhonkolo M200 ekhiqizwa usebenzisa M400 usimende cishe amanzi angangeni, amorphous ngokumelene izinhlobo eziningi kumakhemikhali awuketshezi bese akesabi abukhali lokushisa amaconsi.

Yini okufanele ibe yamathebhu

Wacondza ukhonkolo endaweni izimpumputhe yendlu okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo ngempela, kodwa kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukukhetha yamathebhu esifanele ingxube. Lo msuka ikhambi uhlobo "ukuqinisa" ngokwamukela bonke ekucindezelekeni yangaphakathi. Ngenxa yamathebhu ikhambi ibe ngaphansi endaweni abayizimpumputhe, it ovunyelwe ukusebenzisa amatshe noma itshe olwembiza. Ungashintshanisa lezi zinto phezu, uma uthanda, naphakathi itshe olwembiza.

Indlela ukulungiselela esihlabathini

Ukuvikeleka kuxhomeke mix ukhonkolo kuhlanganise izinga yabaphathi. Isihlabathi kulesi simo kungcono ukuthatha emfuleni omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, ithuba ukuthola izinto ezinjalo has akubona bonke abanikazi izindlu zasemaphandleni. Uma isihlabathi emfuleni ukuthenga ehluleka, ungakwazi ukushintsha phezu umsebenzi. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba nomkhombe ingxube elinama enjalo uma kudingeka ukuba kukhishwe wahlunga grid nge 23 mm cell. Yenza le nqubo kungcono ezimweni kunomoya. Kulokhu, esihlabathini ehlukanisa kuhlanganise ingxenye enhle (uthuli).

Ukungeza amanzi

Alulaze ingxube ukhonkolo kufanele ibe ngendlela yokuthi iba athambe kahle ukusebenza futhi ngikhululekile nalo. Amanzi kufanele ukungezwa isixazululo ukuxoxa endaweni abayizimpumputhe. Ungasebenzisa Borehole plain noma kahle. Ivunyelwe ezokukha amanzi drive iholide. Kodwa kulokhu kubalulekile ukuthi kwaba ihlanzekile.

Ekugcineni isixazululo buhlanjululwe akumelwe ziconse namafosholo. Ungenzi ingxube obukhulu khulu. Uma Liyashabalala noma inamathela lokwela nokuhlanza off nezixhobo enkulu kunzima yayo, kufanele kube kancane lwenkomo olufakwe amanzi. Ngemva ukuxuba ikhambi ngokuhlukaniselwa amanzi ezinhle akuyona wajinge wanamatsela.

Ukuphambana endaweni ukhonkolo izimpumputhe: ukubala

Yiqiniso, ukulungiswa isixazululo eliphezulu akufanele kuphela ukukhetha izinto ofanele, kodwa futhi untula nelungelo uhlanganise nabo. Olinganise ukhonkolo e Kulokhu avame ukuba ezifana:

• Usimende - Ingxenye 1;
• isihlabathi - izingxenye 3;
• Macadam - izingxenye 4;
• Amanzi - izingxenye 0.5.

Ngakho ngokuvamile kuchazwa ngezabelo ngoba aphathekako amabhakede endaweni abayizimpumputhe. Ukuze amabhande ububanzi kungcono ukwenza ingxube liqine futhi lisithinte ngokwengeziwe ngokungeza 1 ibhakede usimende ezintathu - ochotshoziwe itshe noma amatshe. Uma ugcwalisa itheyiphu emhlabeni izindlu kungaba, kunalokho, ukuze ulondoloze on impahla futhi usebenzise emithathu kuya kwemine izingxenye isihlabathi.

Ukubala ngezabelo endaweni ukhonkolo izimpumputhe kungaba kucatshangelwe okuhlanganisa neqiniso lokuthi izitshalo ukulungiswa 1 m ³ isixazululo kumaka M200 ukuthatha 280 kg kasimende 1.4 amathani amatshe 840 kg isihlabathi. Konke lokhu ligcwele 190 amalitha amanzi.

Izincomo nomkhombe

Ngakho, lapho sathola khona ukuthi ingxenye yawo wonke ukhonkolo endaweni izimpumputhe iyona ofanele kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uthole isixazululo izinga eMhlanganweni ekhishwa, kubalulekile futhi xova kahle. Ukulungisa impahla ngokugcwalisa endaweni izimpumputhe kuwufanele usebenzisa ngomshini ohlanganisa usemende. Kulokhu, ngeke uthole izinga ngcono kakhulu. semende kakhulu ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi kufanele sibeke phezu flat. Izingxenye backfilled kulo ukulandelana:

• usimende;
• isihlabathi;
• imfucumfucu.

Ngemva izithako ezomile axutshwa, amanzi yengezwe sigubhu. Isikhathi ingqikithi ukulungiselela yesixazululo incike ngohlobo lomshini. Ukuphoqelela amadivayisi senzo ngokuvamile imizuzu 2-3, kanye nemishini ye adonsela phansi - imizuzu 5-6. Nciphisa noma ukwandisa ukusebenza inqubo akukwazi isikhathi. Esimweni sokuqala ingxube izovuleka inhomogeneous, futhi okwesibili - kome kakhulu.

Uma ngomshini ohlanganisa usemende emnothweni akuvunyelwe ukwenza isixazululo endaweni izimpumputhe ngesandla. Kulokhu, indlela elula ukusizakala wokuxovela futhi motyzhkoy. Lapho belungela ukuya khona mathupha futhi kuqala kahle uhlanganise zonke izithako ezomile. Khona-ke, e-wokuxovela kungezwe edingekayo Inani lamanzi. Lapho ngesandla nomkhombe ikhambi ngaleyo ndlela etholwe akuyona iyunifomu izinga njengoba uma usebenzisa labathaki bamafutha. Ngakho-ke, kulesi simo usimende kufanele uthathe ngaphezulu.

Yileyondlela futhi ngacula ukulungiselela ukhonkolo endaweni abayizimpumputhe. Olinganise yezingxenye yesixazululo okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo ngqo. Kulokhu, ingxube izovuleka plastic, izinga okusezingeni futhi sizosebenza kwenkinga ke. Le ndawo kakhulu efanayo abayizimpumputhe, enziwe ukusetshenziswa kwaso, bayophuma eqinile, olunembile futhi iqine.