Kazan zezindiza isitshalo okuthiwa emva S. P. Gorbunova

Kazan zezindiza isitshalo Gorbunov - ehola yezindiza isiRashiya, onguchwepheshe emhlanganweni ekuhlaseleni amasu, ezivamile ekhethekile injongo izindiza. Kusukela 2013, kuba igatsha PJSC "Tupolev".

incazelo

JSC "Kazan Aviation Isitshalo" elise inhloko-dolobha Tatarstan - Kazan. Ngaphandle womshini main eyakhelene test airfield Borisoglebsk kophiko lwayo. Le nkampani iye wadlala indima ebalulekile ezivikela wezwe. Kwakukhona wenza-hola ekuhlaseleni ezikhethiwe, okuhlanganisa ikhono lokwenza izikhali zenuzi.

Kaz has a uvundile kuyisayensi nakwezezimboni. Isipiliyoni sethu ivumela ukuba bathathe ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi ezintsha. Phakathi kwezindonga zayo abuthele liner ezikhethekile nokwethenjelwa kakhulu Manager sikaMongameli RF, i-General Abasebenzi, ejensi biko.

ukuphila Ukusebenza

Kazan zezindiza isitshalo ekuqaleni umuntu wadalwa njengoba kungaba njalo egatsheni YaseMoscow zezindiza isitshalo. Ukubeka isitshalo waqala ngo-1932, ngo-1935 th izakhiwo eziyinhloko kwakhiwa. Parallel injini isitshalo Yakhiwa, endaweni yokuhlala "Social Idolobha". Nokho, Nakata ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu kwaholela izinguquko kwabasebenzi, futhi impikiswano yangempela indiza wakwazi ukuhlela kuphela ngo-1938.

izinhlelo zokuqala kukhona grand - Giants ukuqoqa isibhakabhaka-ANT 16, ANT-20 ( "Maksim Gorky"), ANT-26 (16 ton ibhomu umthwalo futhi imitha-95 namaphiko). Nokho, ephepheni amapulani awuhambanga. Kulaba abathathu babeka esitokisini ngo-1936 izindiza esindayo ANT-20bis kuphela ngo-1939 wakwazi ukuqoqa wokuqala babo (nge-oda isimo amayunithi 18). It zizibuyisela futhi webhomu ukukhiqizwa isipiliyoni DB-A "Anna".

Inkazimulo lokhokho

Ngo-1939, i-Kazan zezindiza isitshalo waqala ukwakha umfuziselo entsha "Umshini №2» - esizayo Pe-8 design Petlyakova. Kude 4-engined webhomu esithwala waba enkulu iRed Army futhi waletha DBA imboni yezabasebenzi hola ukunqoba. Pe-8 (ANT-42) waba ngowokuqala Soviet ngesivinini eziphakeme izindiza grade "Flying Fortress". Yayinendodakazi emincane nenhle okuchachambile ngokungafani "slug" zezizukulwane ezedlule.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, imodeli esiyinhloko sitjalo idelakufa dive we umklami efanayo Pe-2. Phakathi nempi Kaz eqoqwe izimoto mayelana 10,000. umsebenzi Production ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ngezimpelasonto namaholidi.

isitshalo amasu

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili wabonisa ukubaluleka esindayo imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo ekuhlaseleni uyakwazi okukhwantabalisayo ingqalasizinda isitha futhi ukukhiqiza. With ukuthuthukiswa amabhomu qinile kahle yabo liye lenyuka. Eminyakeni yokuqala ukuthula Kazan zezindiza isitshalo okukhiqizwa ngaphansi brand name of the Tu-4, ikhophi imodeli kahle bokuthi lo zaseMelika ezingama-B-29. Nokho, piston izindiza ngobubanzi indiza engaphezudlwana 5000 km kwakungelona ezwekazini. Okungukuthi, US waba isitha esikhulu geopolitical wase-USSR.

Breakthrough baba esisheshayo amasu Tu-16 ongenza kokubili njengoba webhomu kanye othwala nangomcibisholo, kwesimo endaweni, refueling nokunye. D. ijubane 980 km / h futhi nokuphakamisa ukuphakama kuze kufinyelele 13400 amamitha ukuvumela lula sokunqoba ulayini isitha air izivikelo. Nokho, ebaleka ibanga kade lingaphansi ngisho nangaphezu Tu-4 - 4000 km. Wayengumuntu ngempumelelo nebandla oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, wanezela firepower we Navy amaSoviet nasemakamu Coast Wezokuvikela. Umshini wokuqala ukukhiqizwa wawenziwe ku Kase ngo-1953. Wezibalo, le Tu-16, lisuselwa Russian Air Force uhlelo kuphela eminyakeni 90, lenkhulu kakhulu-wayephila ezweni ngendiza. analogue yakhe Ushintshe basayibambile e China nakwamanye amazwe amaningana.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba umndeni yesikhathi Subsonic ekuhlaseleni amasu Tu-22. Imodeli base lalikhishwa 1960 kuya ku-1966. Wonke amayunithi 311 zathathwa. Kusukela 1967 kuya ku-1990 kwaveza ukuguqulwa lokuqala Tu-22M (0-1), Tu-22M2 futhi Tu-22M3 nge ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya ngcono futhi tehharakteristikami.

izindiza civil

Ngaphezu izindiza zempi, Kazan izindiza isitshalo esithela umgibeli jetliners. Esikhathini 50s zakuqala uhulumeni ehlehlela encike ngemphumelelo Tu-16 ukuklama izindiza ukuthutha abagibeli kanye imoto. Ngenxa yalokho, sidale Tu-104 - ngowokuqala Soviet umgibeli jet ku jet wagxila. Ngo-1956, i-ukuguqulwa kangcono lowo Tu-110 kuya apharathasi party kanye uNobhala Jikelele.

Esikhathini 60s besikhundla iye refocused ngaphansi yizimpahla-umgibeli, yesikhathi eside Il-62, okuyinto salandelwa IL-62M. amayunithi 278 kokubili izinguqulo zavezwa kuze 1994. Maphakathi nawo-90 Kaz yingcweti model of the Tu-214 ukuthi isidlulile isitifiketi ngo-1997. Manje CB ukusebenza kumaphrojekthi iDemo-hola umgibeli Tu-324 futhi Tu-330 Transporter.

"White Swan"

18/12/1981 indiza yokuqala eyenza superheavy engakaze ibonwe Tu-160, ngemuva kwalokhu ozobizwa NATO "Blackjack." umumo laso eliyingqayizivele enamaphiko wahlasela indiza sifana uyaziqhenya dada ngomusa. Ngenxa eRussia it is babembiza i- "White Swan".

Nakuba ukukhiqizwa yayo kunqanyulwe, yaseKazan Aviation Plant. S. P. Gorbunova evela kumengameli sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli uqhube inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-webhomu amasu nge Avionics ngcono, izingxenye ezintsha ngogesi futhi lobuchwepheshe. Ibhanga cishe 14,000 km kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba hit okuhloswe kwamanye amazwekazi. Tu-160 yisisekelo ingxenye emoyeni we "uziqu-zintathu enuzi" yeRussia.

imikhiqizo

Kaz namuhla kumelwe wenze lokhu okulandelayo:

• Yesimanje Tu-22M3.
• Ukukhiqizwa isevisi Tu-160.
• Ukukhiqizwa, ukuguqulwa nokugcinwa Tu-214.
• IL-62M Izikhungo.
• Ukukhiqizwa izindiza izinjongo ezikhethekile.
• Ukuthuthukiswa izindiza ezintsha.

Kazan izindiza isitshalo kusalokhu igunya eyaziwako umkhakha izindiza. Ukuhlanganisa nge-PSC "Tupolev" ngesivinini ukwethulwa izinhlobo ezintsha zezindiza nemikhumbi nobunye ukukhiqizwa.