Electroplating galvanizing metal: ubuchwepheshe, imishini

Galvanizing - ngempumelelo futhi engabizi, futhi ngenxa yalokho indlela evamile ekuvikeleni izinsimbi ayoni kusuka ukugqwala. Ezimweni eziningi, isetshenziswa ekwakheni ama-hardware kanye iziqobosho, futhi anezikhala steel.

Izindlela zokusebenzisa luthi alufane zinc

galvanizing Anticorrosive kwenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, futhi ukuphila inkonzo enamathela incike ukushuba we ungqimba zokuzivikela.

A indlela enamathela incike izakhiwo oyifunayo, ubukhulu komkhiqizo, izimo ukusetshenziswa kwaso phambili.

I elula kunazo futhi manufacturable, kodwa inikeza ukumelana enganele ukucindezeleka mechanical we ungqimba zokuzivikela, - a galvanizing ezibandayo nge inhlabathi, equkethe inqwaba zinc fake ihlukaniswe powder.

Ngomthamo galvanizing ukukhiqizwa lifaka yesibili hot-idiphu galvanizing. I enamathela etholwe ngale ndlela, izinga okusezingeni futhi iqine, kodwa imvelo okungaphephile, kusukela zinc ncibilika isetshenziswa, kodwa namanje ukuba silondoloze lokushisa layo selithe ukubuya kancane esingaphansi 500 ° C kudinga semali amandla kagesi, izindlela amakhemikhali nokulungiselela surface.

okufana kakhulu hot-idiphu galvanizing zobuchwepheshe ngaphezulu, kodwa kancane kahle indlela ukusebenzisa ungqimba ayisivikelo okusheshayo ezishisayo. Isetshenziselwa lapho emisela izimfuno eliphezulu kwi ukujiya kanye yangaphandle enamathela engqondweni.

Enye indlela galvanizing - a sishaye igesi-ezishisayo, esetshenziswa ukuze kuvikeleke imikhiqizo ezinkulu kanye nezinhlaka zimane kunzima ukufaka okugeza.

Galvanizing sintula eziningi nemibi ezinye izindlela enamathela futhi has linenzuzo.

Izinzuzo galvanizing

Indlela yokusebenzisa enamathela zinc ngu-electrolysis ivamile.

Inzuzo enkulu, ngoba ngawo ukuthi galvanically isicelo galvanizing metal, iyona ngezinga eliphezulu of ukuvikelwa ngokumelene ukugqwala lo yendwangu. A ungqimba elincanyana zinc kwandisa ukuphila service imikhiqizo izikhathi ezimbalwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho kunciphisa tindleko ukugcinwa kanye esikhundleni.

I enamathela eyatholakala ngisho ngaphandle streaks kanye amaconsi zaqhubeka ukuma nosayizi imikhiqizo. Sebenzisa kungenzeka izinto kwanoma iyiphi, ngisho bobunjwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Smooth futhi ucwebezela ezinengilazi zokuhlobisa angadingi ezimweni eziningi okunye ukwelashwa.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, inqubo galvanizing kudinga izindleko ezincane kuphela, futhi lokubolekwa kukagesi ube umkhiqizo okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Okumbi galvanizing

Indlela yokufaka isicelo enamathela avikelayo electrolysis akuyona ngaphandle nemiphumela ethile engathandeki.

The main ethile - ongaphakeme zinc adhesion onesigqi, ngenxa okuyinto kobuso umkhiqizo kumele kahle sihlanza.

Yini embi ngalo futhi kumiswa enqubeni enamathela kwemfucumfucu enobuthi ezidinga yokuhlanza sina.

Ukwehluleka izindlela kungadala ngokugcwalisa we metal umzali nge-hydrogen, eliphumela fragility umkhiqizo kanye ukuphazamiseka izinga enamathela.

Umgomo we operation

Galvanizing kusekelwe isimiso umphumela zokuzivikela, okuyinto kunqunywa umehluko nekhono electrochemical zinc eningi nokusansimbi. Njengoba ukhethe has a engaba electrochemical ephansi, it is camera Ukuvikelwa womhlatshelo izinsimbi ayoni. Lokho ncamashi ke echayeke endaweni elimanzi ukugqwala electrochemical.

Esikhathini namachibi we oxides yensimbi akhiwa kokuba ivolumu enkulu kunemicebo metal yasekuqaleni. Le filimu oxide kuba okuxekethile sihamba ukuba okwamanje oxidized-mpilo metal. Benziwa mncane futhi icwecwe zinc e ifilimu namachibi is, khona-ke aluphumeleli-oxygen metal ukuvikela hhayi kuphela enamathela kodwa futhi metal isizinda ngaphansi.

Izinhlobo galvanizing

Galvanizing Plating - ubuchwepheshe, emelela electrolysis, okusho electrochemical redox izinqubo electrolyte ngaphansi kwethonya a njalo kagesi ...

On indlela yokwakheka Plating electrolyte zinc uhlukaniswe ezintathu izinhlobo: acid, alikhali futhi cyanide.

Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu indlela yokusebenzisa enamathela zinc ukuba wavuma electrolyte esidi, ikakhulukazi yensimbi steel izingxenye ukumisa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Imikhiqizo ezenziwe carbon and ingxubevange lezinsimbi nge enamathela zinc wadalula nesenzakalo engaphansi hydrogen embrittlement, futhi ukubonakala kakhulu eyatholakala, omuhle kakhulu umphumela zokuhlobisa anhlobonhlobo imibala.

Ukuvikelwa engeziwe ngoba galvanizing

Isenzo zokuzivikela zinc enamathela incike Uhlonze lwalo, okuyinto sebethule kukagesi 5 microns, futhi ubunjalo electrolyte.

Kwezinye izimo, ama-property ayisivikelo enamathela zinc kwandisa passivation, phosphating noma imidwebo.

Passivation (chromating) - ukwelashwa amakhemikhali imikhiqizo izixazululo of chromic acid noma nosawoti yalo, ngenxa okuyinto ebusweni kwakhiwa ifilimu chromate. Le nqubo kwandisa hhayi kuphela izindawo oluvikelayo izinhlobo eziningi, ngoba ngenxa sithuthukiswe isicwebezelisi enamathela, futhi kungenziwa zipendwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene.

Lapho phosphating (ukwelashwa nge wali band acid e nosawoti) imikhiqizo lashukumisa e phosphate ifilimu kwakhiwa ebusweni. Ngemva phosphating kusengenzeka isicelo upende.

izigaba galvanizing

Ukukhiqizwa Electroplating galvanizing siqukethe izinqubo eziningana, ngayinye yaba inqanyulwa ngu kokugeza egijima amanzi kubhavu noma shayela ukuwasha kanye indlela.

imikhiqizo Okokuqala bahlanza ngokucophelela of nokugqwala, isikali, igrisi zobuchwepheshe, Isibandisi noma upende izinsalela futhi degreased izixazululo alikhali. Khona-ke degreasing electrolytic.

Ngemva kwalokho kwagxila isixazululo aqueous of hydrochloric acid lapho ebusweni yokugcina is bahlanza ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ungqimba surface futhi pickling kwenzeka - ukusebenza ngaphambi isicelo umgwengwezi zinc. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ukukhiqiza galvanizing zabo.

Ngemva kwalokho, uma kunesidingo, elicwengwé nemikhiqizo likhishwa amakhoba oxide ifilimu i aqueous isixazululo nitric acid, bese phosphating, passivation kanye omiswe.

imisebenzi engeziwe engenziwa nge galvanizing imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, i-strip is unwound phambi galvanizing, emaphethelweni ashiselwe, ngokuvamile ngemva ezinamafutha akahle nesilonda.

Isisetshenziswa ngoba galvanizing

umugqa wegezi - thize yenqubo obhavu kanye uhlambulule lapho kukhona mono- noma multilayer zinc enamathela ne oyifunayo izakhiwo sokusebenza.

Ngokuhambisana imishini ukukhiqizwa umthamo ukusetshenziswa ne-degree imishini obuhlukahlukene. amabhizinisi ezinkulu amiswa imigqa ngomshini nge ukuzilawula ngokuzenzekelayo. Kukhona imigqa nge control ngokwengxenye noma ngokugcwele bhukwana kanye mini-line.

umugqa galvanizing siqukethe hhayi kuphela alawo machibi. Kuhlanganisa ezokuthutha izinhlelo imiklamo ehlukahlukene, imishini ezidingekile yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, imishini elisizayo, okubandakanya izindlela ngoba galvanizing, Ukushisa izakhi, ukushisa, i-cathode futhi anode induku.

I -accessory kuhlanganisa ukupholisa izinhlelo, omiswe amakhabethe umshini ifriji, umshini lemifanekiso, nalezi zinto demivody amaphampu.

Electrolyte ngoba galvanizing

Ukuze galvanizing, kuye ngokuthi injongo umkhiqizo isetshenziswa electrolyte, okuyinto zihlukaniswe amaqembu ezimbili eziyinhloko.

Electrolyte lapho zinc ungaphakathi ifomu ion elula hydrated, ngokuthi elula acid. Lokhu fluoboric, sulfate kanye chloride izixazululo.

ihlanganiswe electrolyte Inxanxathela esidi ane-alikhali aqukethe zinc ion in a eziyinkimbinkimbi nenkokhiso emihle nemibi. Lokhu ammine, pyrophosphate, cyanide nezinye izixazululo.

On lapho electrolyte sisetshenziswa, ke kuncike ngokuyinhloko izinga sebethule, bese izinga imali zinc ku-athikili (the cathode).

Kusukela electrolyte eziyinkimbinkimbi zinc imali ngesikhathi cathode at ukuhlakazwa okusezingeni eliphezulu ion. Njengoba kwanda zamanje ukuminyana metal incipha isivuno futhi kukhulisa isivuno hydrogen.

Ngakho-ke galvanizing e electrolyte eziyinkimbinkimbi eyenziwa ngaso ongaphakeme kwabantu kwamanje, bese enamathela eliphezulu kakhulu, grained esihle futhi eyohlobo.

Ngo electrolyte wavuma esidi elula zinc kukagesi, ekhaya kubandakanya, sihamba ngesikhathi okusezingeni eliphezulu kwabantu kwamanje, nge mkhulu kunezinhliziyo uma usebenzisa eziyinkimbinkimbi izixazululo izinga. Ukubukeka imikhiqizo etholakale muhle, kepha enamathela akuyona high kakhulu futhi kufanelekile kuphela elula Umumo umkhiqizo.

galvanizing

inqubo kwetheknoloji kwenzeka ngokuqondile okugeza galvanizing of electrolyte. It angekho imikhiqizo black metal, okuyinto Kondliwa electrode ekhethekile i kagesi (the cathode), ne-zinc okumsulwa noma ngesimo izingqimba amabhola awafaka anezikhala izigaba ezikhethekile (anode).

Phakathi ukuphendula electrochemical bedle i ukuminyana kagesi lamanje 1 kuya ku 5 A / DM zinc ziyoncibilika le electrolyte, bese ion zalo imali kwi cathode ukwakha ukujiya Plating ka 4-25 microns.

Okungukuthi, lokusebenzisa leli su etholwe iziqobosho (imishudo namantongomane) nge iyunifomu bese enamathela shiny.

Okuzenzakalelayo ilindelwe galvanizing

Modern galvanizing umugqa - umugqa kuyazenzakela, okuyinto owenza yonke izinyathelo enamathela, kuhlanganise Welding futhi degreasing imikhiqizo izinga imisebenzi ehlukene kanye ukumisa.

umugqa okuzenzakalelayo ngokuvamile siqukethe iqoqo zobuchwepheshe Plating zokugeza, rectifiers Modular, kulayishwa / athula idokodo, imishini ezokuthutha, Izinsiza kusebenza for umoya omncane, kwamanzi kanye ukudedelwa indle, Uhlaka lensimbi isitebhisi yesondlo.

Electroplating zokugeza zingenziwa insimbi engagqwali, insimbi, uphahlwe amapulasitiki noma irabha. okugeza Modern, ashiselwe kusuka eshidini polymers ngokwethukela esikhundleni metal amathini. Ukukhethwa zokugeza impahla incike Ukwakheka kanye lokuhlushwa electrolyte kanye lokushisa ezisebenza.

Nokuxhumana kwamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle izinhlelo, futhi ezimweni eziningi ngokufanele ngaphansi zokugeza ukupholisa futhi wenza kusukela polypropylene.

Ubukhulu komugqa kunqunywa umthamo wayo nobukhulu balezi zokugeza kukagesi.

Galvanizing senzeka lapho kumiswa amanzi angcolile nge lokuhlushwa eliphezulu esindayo metal ion. Ngakho-ke, u-Advocate, kuhlungwa, neutralized, usebenzisa chemical umusi sebethule, nezinye izinqubo sorption izigubhu eyenziwe polymers zobunjiniyela.

Zinc Electroplating ekhaya

Galvanizing, ekhiqizwa ngezandla zabo, kuthathela ukukhethwa izinto. I electrolyte kungaba isixazululo zinc chloride futhi hydrochloric acid emanzini distilled. Lokhu okuthiwa nokunamathisela ngomthofu acid, kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe ekhaya. Izingcweti kwagxila zinc e-sulfuric acid nebhethri uzilungiselele ZnSO ₄ electrolyte, kodwa le nqubo kuyingozi, ngoba ukuphendula ukhiqiza ukushisa ne-hydrogen alufakwa. I electrolyte kunoma isiphi isimo akufanele kube kwenze ka zingaxazululeki usawoti zinhlayiya.

zinc Pure angathengwa esitolo of reagents zamakhemikhali noma emsakazweni, futhi lungatholakala amabhethri usawoti noma fuses, walondoloza ukuphuma ngaphansi kweSoviet Union.

okugeza kukagesi kungaba ingilazi noma isitsha plastic. Kusobala ukusetha anode futhi cathode. I anode - ipuleti zinc, lapho ixhunywe kusukela kwamandla "plus". Lapho lo anode, iyunifomu ngaphezulu enamathela ku umkhiqizo cathode okuyinto sisetshenziswa enamathela zokuzivikela. I anode kungaba kwesikhashana, labo zingafakwa emhlabeni cathode at elifanayo ukuze kobuso zinc camera nombala futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ngokwezinga cathode ixhunyiwe "lokususa" umthombo wamandla.

Ngisho nalapho ekhaya wenza galvanizing Plating ubuchwepheshe ngempela zihlanganisa wekulihlanta futhi degreasing izingxenye, kanye ukusebenza yayo i solution acid.

Amandla Supply - lena ibhethri imoto nge ngesibani esikhipha kwamandla ongaphakeme noma ezinye umthengi esifundeni lithole wamanje yesifunda laliphansi noma ugesi nge voltage njalo okukhiphayo. Into esemqoka ukuthi akukho abilayo ngokushesha electrolyte ngesikhathi galvanizing.

Empeleni galvanizing kwenzeka lapho anode futhi cathode ivinjelwe ku electrolyte kanye wesifunda kagesi ivaliwe. The eside le nqubo, i-mkhulu ungqimba zinc etholwe ku umkhiqizo.

Nge galvanizing enamathela zokuzivikela ku umkhiqizo iba eqondile, iyunifomu kanye bushelelezi, futhi zibe nethonya zokuhlobisa. Isetshenziselwa kokubili umkhakha futhi ekhaya, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuthatha amanzi angcolile ephuma imfucuza imvelo enobungozi.