Russian abathwali izindiza enuzi kanye nezici zabo lobuchwepheshe

Nuclear izindiza yenethiwekhi - yisizukulwane yakamuva imikhumbi eziholela namandla ezwe kuphela. Nokho, ngo-Navy isiRashiya, bona cishe ungenciki. Yini inkinga? Kungani Russian Federation, okuyinto ngezindlela eziningi umholi ngezikhali emhlabeni uhlanga kuze kube manje ngemuva kule inkomba? Phela, i-United States etholakalayo ngempela imali efanele ngomkhumbi onjalo. Uphi izindiza yenuzi abathwali Russia? Kuyinto lo mbuzo futhi niyolazi impendulo kulesi sihloko. Uzoqonda ukuthi kungani leli phuzu izingalo umjaho Russian Federation wayebuthakathaka ngakho. Uyofunda mayelana nemikhumbi lolu hlobo, okuyinto zavezwa ensimini ka-Russia, kodwa, ngezizathu ezithile babengenabo Navy. Ungase futhi uthole ulwazi mayelana olulodwa izindiza yenethiwekhi enkonzweni lemikhumbi yempi, kanye mayelana ngabe okuhleliwe Russian abathwali izindiza yenuzi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Ngokwemvelo, ulwazi oluthile emisebenzini enjengokwakha ukuze uthole namathemba angenaso isisekelo esizwakalayo - kumabonakude izinqumo ungasho into eyodwa ephepheni uzobe Kubonisani ezahlukene, kodwa eqinisweni kungaba kungenzeki nhlobo ezintathu. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi ikusasa abathwali izindiza zenuzi eRussia yezinto kuphela.

Kunganjani zenuzi abathwali izindiza eRussia?

abathwali izindiza Nuclear Russia - lena isihloko ezithakazelisa kakhulu, kusukela kwelinye amandla eziqine kakhulu emhlabeni ngokuya lempi nhlobo ingxenye enkulu futhi ezibalulekile. kwenzeka kanjani? Inkinga iwukuthi ifa okuyinto waya Russian Federation we-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Le catch kungatholakala encwadini yokutadisha kwenqubomgomo wezempi wase-USSR - yokuthi isimo ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa abathwali izindiza, ngisho kokuyicabangela njengoba umqondo yenethiwekhi zezindiza amandla imikhumbi.

Kakade ngesikhathi zeSoviet Union, baqala ukubeka isisekelo non-kwefrakshini yalesi isici Ngokuzayo eRussia lokumadanisa isibonelo, ne-United States. Ngenxa yalokho - ku Russian Federation ekuqaleni ukhona azange abe abathwali izindiza futhi iyiphi izinhlelo kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza yabo, amazwe entsha yeminyaka elalihlangana ncamashi endaweni efanayo, futhi usuku lapho ingeke ibe khona abathwali izindiza zenuzi eRussia, ngakho kakhulu amahemuhemu akho nezingxoxo.

Ukuzama ukuqala ukukhiqizwa

Asinakusho ukuthi eSoviet Union ayizange izame ngisho nokuzama. Esikhathini yoma ekuseni eSoviet Union empeleni ihlela ukwakhela ngowokuqala izindiza zenuzi yenethiwekhi egcwele, okungase ukuqalisa iqoqo ngoxhaxha zenuzi. Ingabe ayisekho ngisho phrojekthi wadala, isihloko zokusebenza "1160". Inhloso yale phrojekthi kwaba ukudala ngo-1986 amaningi njengoba amathathu agcwele olusebenza abathwali izindiza zenuzi, engaholela catapult omunye ephumelela kunazo Soviet Su-27 K. Nokho, ngeshwa, plan awuzange ezimiselwe igcwaliseke, njengoba bagxila ngesikhathi eU.SSR ukudalwa abathwali izindiza esindayo, esingenakubalwa ngokuthi yenuzi izindiza yenethiwekhi agcwele ngoba yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Labe ezihlongozwayo ukusungulwa yesimanje izindiza esindayo yenethiwekhi nge ukusuka mpo. Kulapho iphrojekthi "1160" lase ayiqhubekiswanga, futhi owokuqala yenuzi-powered izindiza yenethiwekhi Lokudabuka yasekhaya futhi akazalwanga.

By the way, iphrojekthi ye othwala izindiza, lapho iphrojekthi "1160 'siye sathathelwa indawo, zahluleka. Ngo-1991, yaqedwa, ukuhlolwa iphelela Kuqalwe, ekugcineni okwaholela yokuthi omunye izindiza yawela ngqo ungene egumbini elingaphansi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu futhi kukhona futhi zishiswe. Ngo-1992, lapho umsebenzi abalahliwe, neSoviet Union wahlala njengoba khulula abathwali izindiza zenuzi, Cruisers, futhi ngaphandle mpo kwethulwa uhlelo, kanye Russian Federation, eyabonakala ngemva konyaka - ngaphandle umthwalo ekuthuthukiseni abathwali izindiza zenuzi.

Kodwa kwenzekani ngokulandelayo? Ingabe kukhona abathwali izindiza zenuzi eRussia? Umlando ubonisa ukuthi empeleni ayeyizakhamuzi, kodwa futhi ayeyizibonelo abathwali izindiza ngaphezulu, kwadaleka ngokuyinhloko hhayi Navy Russian.

Yini manje?

Lapho ukhuluma ngani abathwali izindiza zenuzi eRussia, ngezigaba linendima ebalulekile. Iqiniso lokuthi zenuzi izindiza yenethiwekhi kanjalo izwe akuyona nhlobo. Abalokothi wadala noma eRussia, noma ngaphambi eSoviet Union. Kodwa uma singazinaki ukucophelela, kwase kuba kwabayishumi izindiza abathwali zihlanganisa esindayo izindiza yenethiwekhi, okuyinto selinqunyiwe ngaphambili. Bese ungakwazi sithungathe umlando waleli kanjani ayelapho labo Cruisers osevele eziqhutshwa eRussia.

I lokuqala okwakukhona kulo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Kiev", "Minsk" futhi "Novorossiysk". Bakhandwa sethulwa ngo ngeminyaka yoma, futhi ukwesulwa ndawonye ngo-1993. Okokuqala Wema kokungenzi lutho iminyaka eyishumi, aze wathunyelwa China, lapho aba khona isihloko emnyuziyamu othile. Eyesibili eminyakeni emibili ngemva ukukopela wathengiswa eSouth Korea, lapho wayefuna ukwenza out for the metal, kodwa ke wathengiswa aye eChina lapho, kanye lowo odlule, kwaba ngezinye ingqikithi Museum. Okwesithathu isinde yazo zonke - ke, wathengiswa Korea sokudilizwa, kodwa akekho wathenga, ngakho impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu futhi yadabuka phansi imininingwane.

Ngokuqondene onobuhle okuthuthukile, kuyafaneleka ukunaka othwala izindiza "Varyag", okuyinto wethulwa 1988. Nokho, ngemva iSoviet Union iwa, waya e-Ukraine, lapho walithengisela China, lapho phelelisa igcwaliswe futhi ukulungele ukusebenza. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho esebenza khona kuze kube yilolu suku ngaphansi kwegama "Liaoning". Enye impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, okuyinto namanje umphumela - kuyinto "Admiral Gorshkov", okuyinto esebenza kuze 2004, okwathi ngemva kwalokho, wathengiswa kwelaseNdiya, lapho iye esilungisiwe, iguqulwe ibe zakudala yenuzi izindiza yenethiwekhi futhi namanje enkonzweni nge-Indian Navy. Kukhona eyodwa ngaphezulu izindiza yenethiwekhi okuthiwa "Ulyanovsk", okungase kusebenze Russian Federation - yayisekelwe esanda kutholakala, ngo-1998, futhi kuhlelwe ukuba igcwaliswe 1995. Nokho, wayenikeza usazokwazi buthule akhonze Navy isiRashiya, kodwa iphrojekthi yasala dengwane ngaphambi kokuba igcwaliswe, kodwa kwathiwa asehlangene kakade, zezikhali emuva kwensimbi. Futhi ngakho-ke abakutholanga Navy abathwali lokuqala izindiza zenuzi zaseRussia.

"Kuznetsov Admiral"

Kodwa ingabe bonke abathwali izindiza zenuzi eRussia? Uhlolojikelele akugcini lapha, ngoba kumelwe sibheke ikhophi okuyinto manje nje uhlala uqinile futhi Navy. Kuyini lokhu umkhumbi? Lokhu Russian izindiza yenuzi yenethiwekhi "Admiral Kuznetsov" - umkhumbi kuphela Navy Russian, okuyinto kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi umkhumbi othwala izindiza. Nokho, zenuzi izindiza yenethiwekhi, ke ingabizwa kuphela kunemibandela, ngoba, njengegama imodeli langaphambilini, kuyinto izindiza esindayo okungukuthi izindiza esindayo ethwele impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Njengazo zonke nezinye izinto ezithwala izindiza, yayakhiwe eSoviet Chernihiv igceke lemikhumbi. Lokhu umkhumbi sabekwa ngo-1985, futhi ngo-1988 isivele umkhankaso - kusukela isebenta futhi bakwazi ukukhonza ngokuthi iSoviet Union futhi WaseRussia. It lethiwa kuphela ngemva kokuwa zase-USSR, kungakenzeki lokho, kwadingeka amagama eziningana ezahlukene. Ekuqaleni kwalo igama "Riga" elinikwe, khona-ke iqanjwe kabusha ku- "leonid uBrezhnev", bese baba "Tbilisi", bese kuphela wazalwa Russian izindiza yenuzi yenethiwekhi "Admiral Kuznetsov". Hlobo luni umkhumbi, okuyinto kuze kube manje yiyona kuphela yonke Navy Russia?

izici Technical umkhumbi

Njengoba ubona, kungavami ebukhoneni at Navy izindiza yenuzi abathwali Russia. Imininingwane kuphela esindayo izindiza yenethiwekhi Nokho, kungenzeka nesithakazelo. Ngakho lena pretty umxhwele umkhumbi ukufuduka - amathani angaphezu kuka-amashumi amathandathu amawaka. Ubude bayo 306 metres, ububanzi - amamitha emashumi asixhenxe, ukuphakama endaweni ephakeme kakhulu - 65 amamitha. Okusalungiswa kungaba kusuka eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili kwabayishumi, kanye ukuhamba esiphezulu, ifinyelela 10.4 amamitha. Ukubhukha umkhumbi is ezenziwe ngensimbi iphuma, ukuphindwa ahlelwe ezengeziwe linezingxenye zomzimba. Torpedoes umkhumbi esitheni ivikela 4.5 imitha Ukuvikelwa trilayer - zempi ungqimba uyakwazi engena ukudluliswa icala 400 kg TNT. Ngokuqondene izinjini, kuwufanele uqaphele ukuthi wasebenzisa chetyrehvalnaya kubhayela futhi samanzi technology, okuyinto akusebenzi abathwali agcwele yenuzi izindiza. Nokho, uma sikhuluma izici yomsebenzi ezomile, ezine umusi ophephela tente 200,000 amahhashi, turbo ugesi akhiqiza 13 eziyinkulungwane nengxenye kilowatts, diesel ugesi - kilowatts anesithoba amawaka. Futhi uzinake Umhambisi, esakhiwa amane nanhlanu-blade ophephela. Yini-ke zonke for ingqikithi? Isiphetho siwukuthi, thina ukuthola ngesivinini esiphezulu 29 ifindo, ie 54 ngehora. Futhi uzinake elwa kusilinganiso kwezomnotho kanye nezindleko - ngowokuqala 18 ifindo, kanti eyesibili - 14.

Kungakanani ngomkhumbi kulomkhumbi ngaphandle refueling? Cruising ibanga Yiqiniso, kuncike ijubane: at isivinini lebanga 3850 nautical miles ngesikhathi ukonga ijubane mpi - kancane kuka eyisikhombisa nengxenye ayizinkulungwane nautical miles, kuyilapho izinga kwezomnotho - cishe eziyisishiyagalombili nengxenye ayizinkulungwane nautical miles. Kungakhathaliseki ibanga Uphinde abhekwe sihamba, okuyinto endabeni le umkhumbi izinsuku ezingamashumi amahlanu. Amatilosi kwalomkhumbi inabantu engaphansana nje kwengu-anamabini amawaka. Lo mphumela, okwenza kube lula adlula yesimanje izindiza zenuzi abathwali Russia. Izici eqinisweni wabeka eminyakeni engaba amashumi amathathu edlule, ngakho akukho lutho umangale. Kodwa akugcini lapho, ungafunda mayelana kuphela izindiza zenuzi yenethiwekhi, etholakala namuhla Navy Russian.

izikhali

Sikhishwe iqiniso lokuthi lokhu umkhumbi Kuyimpi, lithwalwa ukuba isethi enkulu izikhali ezahlukene, kuba ngaye manje futhi kuzoxoxwa. "Admiral Kuznetsov" Oziqhayisayo navigation "Beysur" uhlelo, okuvumela esiphezulu okuhloswe umlilo. Ngaphambi kokucabangela amathuluzi ngqo, kufanele sibheke futhi ngesikhathi amadivayisi radar - abayikho emkhunjini ngokwanele. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu kukhona eziyisikhombisa ezehlukene ukuthola ezivamile radars, kanye ezimbili esiteshini ukulawula izindiza. Futhi banake electronics - ebhodini kukhona ukulwa Imininingwane indlela yokuphathwa kwamazinga "Lumberjack" zokuxhumana eziyinkimbinkimbi "Buran-2", nokuningi.

Awu, manje ungakwazi sinake izingalo - kwasekuqaleni kuyafaneleka izibhamu anti-aircraft eziyisithupha, eyenzelwe ayizinkulungwane 48 amagobolondo. "Granite", 4 missile anti-izindiza, "Dirk" eyinkimbinkimbi iziqhumane ezine "angababulali" kusukela nangomcibisholo emkhunjini kukhona 12 iziqhumane. Kube emkhunjini indlela yokuhlasela noma zizivikele ngwenya - eziyinkimbinkimbi ezimbili esisheshayo, eyenzelwe amabhomu ayisithupha.

iqembu emoyeni

Kufanele futhi sibheke izindiza aphethe ingxenye Ukucaciswa. "Admiral Kuznetsov" yakhelwe izindiza amahlanu, okungase kwenziwe ebhodini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi beyoba khona samanje nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Nokho, empeleni Kwatholakala ngokuhlukile kancane, futhi kuze kube umkhumbi ukhonza njengephayona isisekelo yonke amathathu izindiza, iningi okuyizinto Su-33 futhi u-MIG-29k.

Ipulani esizayo

Kodwa Yini elandelayo? kungakhathaliseki entsha izindiza yenuzi yenethiwekhi Russia avele? Noma, isikhathi eside, "u-Admiral Kuznetsov" kuyoba ummeleli kuphela? Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, amaRashiya ibekwe amathemba abo ukuze kubukezwe uyeza kwalesi simemezelo, okwenzeka ngo-2009. Njengoba lapho kuwa iSoviet Union futhi imfundo Russian Federation, futhi eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, uhulumeni ayinazo izinhlelo kulesi sigaba emakethe lempi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo esincintisana esikhulu, i-United States, iqala agcwele leshumi yenuzi izindiza yenethiwekhi. Kodwa kwenzekani 2009? Kwakuthinta ibhecwe uhlelo kakade kuya 2020, futhi abathwali izindiza yenuzi khona namanje engakaze ezitholakele. Ngakho ukuthi entsha izindiza yenuzi yenethiwekhi Russia kodwa uvele ngisho ephepheni - ke likhona kuze kube manje kuphela amazwi, futhi cindezela, kunokuba nezimemezelo esisemthethweni abantu abagunyaziwe.

prototypes

Eqinisweni, umsebenzi design abathwali izindiza sekuqalile, kodwa Navy Russian uzothola isizukulwane esisha yenuzi-powered izindiza yenethiwekhi, isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kwangathi kungelokothe kube njalo ngo-2020. Kwezinye izimo, imithombo libike ukuthi iziphathi izindiza i-Russian umsebenzi phambili kwamanye amazwe, kodwa ngokuvamile kubaneka umlayezo nge isithombe yephrojekthi izobukeka izindiza abathwali zenuzi zaseRussia. Photo ikhombisa layout umkhumbi, okuyinto bangaqhubeka lenqwaba izindiza ngu ekuqedeni besiyoba sikhulu isakhiwo esikhulu futhi esikhundleni sako ulethe control umbhoshongo omncane.

Medvedev ekuyi wayala

Nokho, amathemba abantu abavuka ngo-2015, lapho Dmitry Medvedev ekuyi ngaphambilini Ministry Defense ukuqala asathuthuka uhlelo ukuqaliswa ukuze abathwali izindiza zenuzi. Kuyoba kude umsebenzi olula ngenxa yokuthi kakade - imikhumbi egcwele lolu hlobo eRussia, ngisho ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union alikaze lakhiwe. Nuclear izindiza yenethiwekhi - akuyona into efanayo, ukuthi esindayo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu izindiza aphethe, ngakho ubuchwepheshe kuyodingeka usebenzise ehluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, izibikezelo abanethemba babike ukuthi ngo-2020 kufanele kungase ahlinzekwa icebo ukudala abathwali izindiza zenuzi lokuqala, senzelwe Navy Russian.