Ulungiselela ethylene

Ethylene noma ethene - kuyinto kungekho nto enemibala emihle, igesi oluvuthayo nge Muscat mnene futhi iphunga. ifomula wayo chemical C2H4. Ethene iyona alkene elula (hydrocarbon unsaturated kokuba omunye isibopho double phakathi eduze carbon ama-athomu). mass izinyo lomhlathi - 28,05 g / Mol. Ukuma - -169,2 ° C, izinga lokushisa abilayo - -103,7 ° C. Flashpoint - -136 ° C, autoignition - +542,8 ° C. Ngo 1680, I. Berger (udokotela German wemithi) ka ETHYL utshwala lapho zihlatshwa amafutha vitriol (kangaka okuthiwa ngenkathi sulfuric acid) yaqale kufezeke ukuthola ethylene kusukela ethanol. Ifomula isakhi ethylene ngo-1860, ukusungula Russian wemithi A. M. Butlerov ukusabela methyl iodide ngethusi. Lokhu igesi kancane alula kakhulu kunomoya emoyeni, kuba kahle oncibilikayo emanzini, e ezihogelwayo, - okuhle.

ethylene Ukulungiselela nokutadisha impahla yayo, ekuqaleni okuhlobene nekhulu le-19 kuye kwaholela namuhla ukuthi ethylene ithandwa kakhulu kwakwakhe organic. ukukhiqizwa yayo emhlabeni wonke selifinyelele amathani angaphezu kuka-109 million ngo 2006. Namuhla, ukuthola ethylene aqhubeka aguquka. Ngu 2010, yathela kungekho izinkampani esingaphansi 117 emazweni 55. Ethylene isetshenziswa njengoba impahla eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni polyethylenes ephezulu kanye ongaphakeme ingcindezi sevilene nezinye izinto polymeric etholwe inqubo copolymerization nge comonomers ahlukahlukene. Futhi isetshenziswa ukwenziwa ethylbenzene futhi styrene, ethylene oxide, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, acetic acid, ETHYL utshwala kanye ethylene glycol.

Yini eyabangela ukukhula wekhono ukukhiqizwa, okuhloswe ngaso ukuthola i ethylene? Ikakhulu ukunwetshwa emakethe materials polymeric. Polyethylene uhlobo kudle ezingaphezu kwesigamu ukukhiqizwa ezweni ethylene. Indaba polymeric is kabanzi kunazo plastic emhlabeni. Ngoba kwenziwa ifilimu izinjongo ezihlukile. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-alpha-olefins etholwe oligomerization (kumiswa iDemo polymer amaketanga) ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo kokumethemba, insipho nomjuluko plasticizers, zokwenziwa zokugcoba, izithasiselo, futhi njengoba comonomers ekukhiqizeni polyethylenes. Enye ukusetshenziswa enkulu ethylene isiqondiso - kuyinto namachibi ayo ukukhiqiza, okuyinto esemqoka impahla eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni ejenti ebusweni-asebenzayo kanye insipho ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide is phansi hydration ngenxa etholwe ethylene. It is kabanzi njengenhlangano emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni yezimoto.

Namuhla, ukulungiswa ethylene Kwenziwa ngokuyisisekelo yi pyrolysis iqonde run uphethiloli noma ingxenyenamba ebanzi hydrocarbon ukukhanya. ERussia futhi ezwe elaliyi-USSR kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ukufakwa amandla esakhiwe kokubili ezifuywayo (Giprokauchuk, VNIPINeft, Bashgiproneftekhim) futhi ubuchwepheshe angaphandle (Linde AG). ukukhiqizwa ekhona kungenziwa zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: (. 300 no-450 eziyinkulungwane amathani ethylene ngonyaka) amandla ongaphakeme (. 30 no-60 amathani ngonyaka ka ethylene), okulingene (. 100 no-200 eziyinkulungwane amathani ngonyaka) Futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ubani emhlabeni ezisebenza isitshalo nge umthamo okukhulu: kuka-400 no-500 kanye ngisho ezifinyelela emathanini ayizinkulungwane 800 ethylene ngonyaka. Lokhu umkhiqizo evumela ukunciphisa ethize impahla, amandla kanye nemali yokuqhuba umsebenzi.

Ulungiselela ethylene wenziwa nezimboni zamakhemikhali, kuhlanganise pyrolysis isitshalo, iyunithi igesi ngokuhlukana, bemisa demineralizer. Raw impahla - igesi noma ezinye ukukhanya ingxenyenamba amafutha yokucwenga noma Izingxube lawo umhwamuko (inqubo ukwehlisa kumiswa coke ku amashubhu esithandweni). Okuluhlaza impahla yanikezwa esithandweni pyrolysis, lapho lokushisa 750 kuya ku-900 ° C kwakhiwa pyrogas ehlanganisa hydrogen ne-hydrocarbon kabani molecule esisodwa (i-methane) ukuze amabili carbon ama-athomu. Ukushisa of pyrolysis iyasetshenziswa kungaphefumuli ekhethekile, okuyinto ikhiqizwa amanzi iphathwa ephezulu ingcindezi umusi, kanye selehlile pyrogas ingena resin ngokwahlukana iyunithi pyrolysis (esindayo) kanye pyrocondensate. Ngemva kwalokho pyrogas equkethe ikakhulu hydrocarbon kusukela C1 ukuba C4, ihlinzekwa kuya turbocharger (samanzi eliqhutshwa ophezulu umusi), okuyinto ngaphansi kwengcindezi is fed ziphuzo zazihluzwa ikholomu uhlelo igesi ngokuhlukana. Kukhona kudingeka kuhlinzekwe isamba sika imikhiqizo eziyisisekelo ezifana ethylene futhi propylene (okhiqizwayo, kunalapho ethylene, njalo ezikhathini ezimbili ngaphansi), kanye byproducts hydrogen, i-methane, ethane-propane, butylene-butadiene ingxenyenamba, itiyela pyrolysis ukukhanya noma izingxenye uphethiloli avtmobilnyh.

Futhi kungenzeka ukulungiselela ethylene pyrolysis okhanda amanye amathuba. Ngo ngezinga ezimbonini, lokhu alwethulwanga, nakuba kwecala lakhe ezweni lethu ngesikhathi sako eyenziwa hhayi kuphela kuzilungiselelo laboratory, kodwa futhi ezindaweni zezimboni. Inzuzo kungenzeka ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa pyrolysis ngokusebenzisa yelikhono. Ngokwandisa selectivity (selectivity) yenqubo luyanda, ziqhathaniswa pyrolysis ezishisayo, isivuno ethylene futhi propylene, encishisiwe kumiswa by-imikhiqizo, futhi coke. Okwamanje, abacwaningi emazweni ahlukahlukene Siphezu komsebenzi ucinge ephumelelayo kulethe kanye hardware design inqubo.