T-55: ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe, izithombe nomlando

tank Soviet T-55 kuyinto ayatholakala emakhemisi kusukela ngo-1958 kuya ku-1979. Ingabe ngundlalifa imoto ukulwa T-54, kodwa okudlula ke ngezindlela eziningi. Imodeli entsha has a ngamandla namandla kakhulu (wagxila kunyuke ngo-60 amahhashi). Ithuthukele injini ithangi T-55 wanezela maneuverability. isivinini Movement ezindaweni lenyuka.

sesimanje okwengeziwe

I Onjiniyela kwadingeka umsebenzi - ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukudala inguqulo ethangini nge high ukulwa amakhono. Encwadini ukwenzangcono kakhulu izindlu amathangi ezengeziwe, Racks efakiwe, kanjalo kakhulu lenyuka uphethiloli Reserve. Ammunition isibhamu esikhulu Kwandiswa kusukela isibhamu 34 kuya kwezingu-43. Esikhundleni emoyeni amathangi oyisebenzise uma usuqala injini, le compressor ifakiwe. I turret unesinye eseyintsha ngesikhathi - othomathikhi Sprinkler uhlelo "URosa", okuyinto lapho nqunu ilangabi kweso wathola umthombo umlilo ucime jet iqondiswe komlilo kwemizi.

ngemisebe

Kodwa ngcono ebaluleke kakhulu kwakuyisimo ukufakwa Nuclear, uhlelo lokuvikeleka iqoqo Geiger counter, ukulungisa ezingeni kwama-X ray. Umthamo lokulwa ethangini akazange ahlupheke ngesikhathi ekuhlaseleni yokucucuza emisebeni, kodwa amatilosi ayengeke angaqapheli abalahlekelwe ikhono ngokomzimba ukwenza imisebenzi yaso. Kusukela ngalezo zinto umbhoshongo T-55 ukuthi bahlolwe ngaphakathi amamojuli ekhethekile izingqimba phambili embodying gamma rays.

Anti-aircraft, izikhali ezincane

Ukuvikela ukulwa imoto ezidinga olunzulu, kuhlanganise ekuhlaselweni kwaphezulu. Noma kunjalo, ngaphandle kwezikhali ezincane uyekwa njengamaphayona avamile anti-aircraft machine gun brand DShKM ngaphansi anda izindiza zempi ngesivinini yisikhathi futhi baba ngemfanelo engenamsebenzi. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, lapho gunships indiza, ethwele anti-ibhomu, isibhamu esebuyile. imishini Intulo landizela ongaphakeme, futhi adubule phansi idelakufa Kwakungenzima.

Umlando omncane

A full-scale ekukhiqizweni T-55 amathangi atshalwa eU.SSR ngo-1958 ngesikhathi izitshalo ukuzivikela inombolo 75, inombolo 174 kanye nenombolo 183. Le nkinga wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1979. Vele bavela elihambayo izimoto mayelana ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili. T-55 ethangini, okuyinto ibekwe esithombeni ekhasini, ngokuvamile ukuthunyelwa. Modern lokulwa umshini we-Soviet akhiqize uzimisele ukuthenga wonke amazwe Warsaw Pact atheleka, kanye-Arabhu sithi.

Ngempumelelo naphakathi ithangi T-55, ngaphandle eSoviet Union zaqala ukwenza kwamanye amazwe enobungane kakhulu neSoviet Union. Udaba sase sihlala Poland, esikhathini kusuka ngo-1964 kuya 1978 eqoqwe amayunithi 1,500. ERomania, kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-1977 - izimoto ukulwa 400. ECzechoslovakia, amayunithi 1,700 zavezwa ngesikhathi isitshalo Martin, kusukela ngo-1964 kuya 1973 kungaphansi kwelayisensi.

T-55: izici

Imodeli T-55 kuningi ababefana uyazi kahle i-T-54, ke likhombe ezingeni lelisetulu ubunye izingxenye ezisele, amayunithi namayunithi ngabanye. Ububanzi ukulondeka ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo sekuyisikhathi eside ezivamile. Kwezinye amadokhumenti, yemizila futhi umshini imidwebo eyabizwa ngokuthi T-54/55. Lokhu kube lula ngokubalulekile ukukhiqizwa imodeli entsha, njengoba yonke inqubo emhlanganweni imigqa isivele saveza.

Ngisho imanyuwali yomsebenzisi T-55 Ethangeni zonke izinto nefomethi T-54. Ukuthuthukiswa eziningana imodeli entsha njengalokhu kuvela ngokuhlukile nemingcele eziyisisekelo imisebenzi yabo ephathelene umshini ngokungaqondile. Tank T 55 imidwebo zazo ukukopishwa yasekuqaleni izibalo eyandulela khona ukuphindaphinda ngqo T-54.

Ngezansi kukhona imingcele eyinhloko version eyisisekelo ye-T-55:

• njengobunengi bemiphefumulo e crew - 4;
• Warhead isisindo - amathani 36,5;
• tank obuphelele nge isibhamu - 9000 mm;
• Kuphela umzimba obuphelele - 6200 mm;
• ukuphakama umugqa basembhoshongweni dweba - 2218 mm;
• ububanzi - 3270;
• ride ukuphakama - 500 mm;
• thayipha okuyiyona - D10T2S / NP;
• izibhamu turret armored, omunye exchange, a coaxial, uhlobo SGMT, 7,62;
• iqoqo ukulwa - 43 isibhamu;
• izibhamu nezinhlamvu - 3,500 nezinhlamvu ezingu;
• powerplant - sha B-54, u-diesel,
• Engine umthamo - 580 amalitha. p.
• usheshise eduze esiphezulu, - 50 km / ihora emgwaqeni embozwe asphalt.
• ububanzi - 480 km;
• ingcindezi ethile - 0,81 kg / cm ^2;
• siqiniseka ekunqobeni izithiyo - odongeni kuyinto mpo, ukuphakama - 0.8 m; emseleni ububanzi - 2.7 amamitha;
• fording - 1.5 amamitha;
• Uzalo - degrees 30;
• Ukukhula - degrees 32.

Tank T-55, izimfanelo okuye ngokuqhubekayo ngcono, bekulokhu yafuna kakhulu yokulwa umshini ekupheleni amahlanu emazweni asempumalanga European.

ukulungiswa

Ngo-1961, ngesisekelo T-55 wadalwa T-62 ezinezici ezithuthukisiwe. Imodeli yadalwa ngokuhlanganyela T-55 kuze kube u-1983. Ingabe-ke sesimanje ezijulile lokulwa imoto kwenziwa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ukuhlela kabusha entsha: 55M-T, T-55AM ne-T-62M, okuyinto ziyehluka sithuthukiswe firepower nezinga aphezulu of security ngaphandle kokulahleka ukuhamba. Ukuvikelwa Passive kwaba eminye ukubhuka, esebenzayo kwakuba iqoqo "inkwethu" nge izigqulo ezimbili, pair elishajekayo 107-milimitha amagobolondo ngamunye, kanye ezinkulu-antiaircraft machine gun. Ngaphezu amathangi zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali banamathela ezimbili ezihlukene radar izinhlelo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi T-55M waqala ukuhlomisa eziyinkimbinkimbi ephelele ephethwe 9K116 izingalo "Bastion", ne-T-62M isethi "Sheksna" elinezimfanelo ezifana, kodwa ashukumisayo ngaphezulu senzo. Lezi amasethi amabili anemisila 100-mm emgqonyeni rifled kanye 115-mm smoothbore isibhamu. Inhlamvu yokuqala umgqomo - waqondisa missile 9M117. Izici multistage projectile nge eliphezulu kakhulu ekubhujisweni kahle. Missile lilawulwa semi-automatic laser isiqondiso uhlelo.

instrumentation

Ngaphezu kwalokho izingalo yesiteleka, T-55M ifakwe othole ububanzi KTD-2 ikhompyutha ballistic BV-55, i-stabilizer amehlo 32PV TSHSM futhi M1 "Shooting Star". T-62 ifakwe iso-41PV TSHSM kuqhubeke wokubala BV-62. Laser rangefinders zombili amathangi ukumboza ibanga kwamamitha 500 kwabangu-4000 nge ukunemba sokulinganisa abafika kwabangu-10 amamitha.

yokubala Ballistic ukunikeza ukuthola ngokuzenzekelayo engeli obonayo nge phambili idatha ohlangothini ngesikhathi kokudubula wezikhali amagobolondo, kodwa awukwazi ukubala trajectory of the guided indiza missile.

Anti-aircraft machine gun lapho kokudubula ngendlela elinganiselayo ovundlile kungenziwa nakanjani idatha kwikhompyutha ballistic, kodwa isiqondiso sokudubula ngokwezinga elikhulu izonqunywa observation ezibukwayo.

amaphutha

Elikhulu osezingeni anti-aircraft isibhamu igibele umbhoshongo, unikezwe imizuliswano angamakhulu amathathu neziqhumane ibhande, ukubola zibe amabhokisi. Shooter oyalwe ngokwesigatshana sokudubula Ukuvutha ezincane, njengoba mncane futhi eside emgqonyeni isibhamu is Ukuboshelwa ukufuthelana ngu emigqeni emide kanye sikhubazekile. Ukuze ekulinganiseni izinga lokushisa phezu izingalo ukukhwezwa ukushisa isihlangu.

ukubhuka

Ngaphezu Wokuvikelwa akhona ithangi ukukhiqizwa T-55 zonke esigcwele olwesimanje izikhathi eziningana ngokuya inzuzo yayo. Isikhathi sokugcina laba wanezela ukuvikelwa zempi yasungulwa ngo-1985. wemboni Upper kabili frontal amashidi 30 kwangu obukhulu. I zempi engeziwe ebekwe nhlangothi zombili we embrasure okuyiyona, eduze sesihlahla. I engela ukuthambekela kuyinto ukukala zonke amagobolondo lesitha, ngaphandle ezuziwe, umphumela elimazayo esingenakubalwa neutralized.

Nokho, maduzane nje, amathangi T-55M waqala ukuhlomisa protivokumulyativnymi iraba-Indwangu izikrini zibekwa ngendlela ezelekene yonkana phambi imoto ukulwa. Ukuphumelela kule ukuvikelwa ngokungaqondile siqinisekiswe yimiphumela yokuhlolwa ngaleso indawo. Amagobolondo ixoshe kusuka ibanga 150 metres, ukusika ku iraba "amacansi", walahlekelwa mayelana amathathu amaphesenti amandla awo, futhi izingqimba core zempi wasala engasenabo ngokusebenzisa izimbobo.

Izinsiza kusebenza iqembu

ukuthuthukiswa Tank ukunakekela okukhethekile T-55 banikwa Ukuvikelwa ngemisebe. Umgomo - kulondolozwe ukuphila nempilo yabantu. Zonke izisebenzi anemisila ekhethekile uwumnikazi wenkampani anti-radiation, esihlalweni ngasinye futhi yamboza nxazonke kuholele amamojuli e nezicubu isikhumba.

endaweni indawo yokushayela sigcizelelwa phansi 20-mm zempi amapuleti zazo ashiselwe kuze kufike phansi. It kuvela ephumelelayo ukuvikelwa anti-eyami. Enye zezisebenzi zitholakala kule mashi langemuva ephephe kunazo ingxenye vnutribashennogo isikhala.

contrivance

Tank T-55, ogama isithombe senziwa ehlane, isingeniso izimiso sifihle. Zempi ukulwa imoto, ababethi umbala isihlabathi, okuvumela lenhlanganisela nge imvelo. Tank kuba izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana umuntu obuka isitha, futhi izisebenzi zingase zisebenzise lokhu ukuze ushintshe indawo, kanye ukuhlaselwa nokuguqulwa.

nezinye amazinga

Ukuze ukugqiba ku landscape European sisetshenziswa sifihle, Umbala umbala ogqamile gray noma anezikhala of nombala ofanayo, welula ngenhla iphuzu lapho ithangi itholakala. Ezimweni ukulwa wasebenzisa smokescreen, okuyinto kungenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi ngenxa kudivayisi abasebenzi 902B, elise ohlangothini lwesokudla lombhoshongo. Uhlelo siqukethe eziyisishiyagalombili iziqu kokuqala likhipha intuthu amabhomu ubukhulu 81 mm. intuthu zone ivumela ukufihla ethangini hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi eziningi elihamba amayunithi abathintekayo impi, inqobo nje uma abasebenzi babe imishini yokuphefumula. Ukuphumelela a wazijika enjalo akunakuphikwa.

intuthu zone uma usuqala amacala amane gulp m 120 ububanzi futhi 8 m ukuphakama. Vula zone amabhomu ihlanganisa endaweni engaba amamitha angu-60 emhlabeni ethangini. Kuvulwa intuthu amabhomu-signal kusukela umlawuli akude ethangini. Uhlelo has ethile eyodwa kuphela - ngesikhathi sempi ashona intuthu inganono akunakwenzeka, ngoba kudingeka ushiye turret, futhi bachitha imizuzu embalwa ukuvula zempi, okuyinto iyingozi kakhulu crossfire lesitha. Kodwa Kwamanye amaqembu bathole indlela yokuphuma nesimo esinzima. I Bhalobhasha uya izikhali okwamanje intuthu enkulu isenzo ezimbili zokugcina amabhomu lapho ukubonakala zero, futhi shaja kabusha uhlelo.

T-72

Ngo-1967 waqala ukuthuthukiswa uyaca, main impi ithangi wase-USSR Armed Forces, eyamukelwa ku ukulwa komsebenzi ngo-1973 futhi okwamanje enkonzweni e Russian ithangi amabutho. Ngokusho izici zayo T-72 ungcono kakhulu kunabo bonke ukulungiswa wangaphambilini kusuka esigabeni ukulwa izimoto zempi. Ngokungafani ethangini T-55 kusukela T72 kuyinto firepower enkulu yokugcina, ubude jikelele ngaleso-yesibili ayisikhombisa kuyinto 9530 mm ngokumelene 9000 mm for the T-55. Crew T-72 inamalungu ezintathu kuphela, imisebenzi, ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi obalulekile wokuhlaziya umshini, nombala basakaza phezu ezintathu ngaphandle kokubandlululwa imithetho ukulwa.

Soviet ithangi T-55-prototype

It kuvela ukuthi zikhona twins embonini ethangini. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kokuwa kweSoviet Union eMpumalanga Jalimane T-55A yadalwa. Cishe a Analogue ephelele eSoviet T-54/55. AmaJalimane akazange ukuqalisa ukuthuthukiswa yayo ekukhiqizeni, njengoba kwakunjalo disadvantageous kokuthutha ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasosha ithangi sase-GDR kwakungadingeki izimoto eziningi kangaka kwezempi ngoba lapho izindleko ngobuhlakani ukukhiqizwa emikhulu.

Nokho, eSoviet Union cishe ethangini babebhala e omningi, futhi ngemva kokuxoxisana imodeli German ukukhiqiza steel eU.SSR parallel amathangi Soviet. T-55 Ithangi German zabantu abasesigabeni esiphakathi zaziba, wakhululwa ngamaqoqo amancane kule impi sase-GDR. izici Technical imodeli ayemahle, umshini is zihlukaniswa lingumbhoshongo oqinile, maneuverability ezinhle nokunemba yomculo. uhlangothi amathangi Worth German awubizi, kusukela iphrojekthi wakucabangela ingxenye zezombusazwe, eMpumalanga Jalimane ngaleso sikhathi "nomngane oseduze" be-USSR.

imodeli

T-55 kakhulu ithathwa njengendlela nezincwadi okusekelwe kuzo sekulingisa emkhakheni ubuchwepheshe lempi. Izingcweti wasebenzisa umfanekiso ethandwa lokulwa imoto ngoba ukudalwa amakhophi amancane ezifanayo ngokugcwele ekuqaleni. Kitografiya model njengemoto T-54/55, kuyinto uchungechunge imodeli intuthuko isikali 1:35 nge nasemininingwaneni emincane kakhulu. Amamodeli T-55 ezibhekwa ezithakazelisa kakhulu e senqubo yokukhiqiza emva US "Sherman".