Isigayo uGerhardt e Volgograd (isithombe)

Volgograd kube yilolu suku igcina inkumbulo ezethusayo seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Cishe wonke umuzi wabhujiswa, futhi izakhiwo ezisele ngesimo izipoki, abalinyazwa amagobolondo amachashazi. imizamo Incredible ukhathele kodwa ukunqoba impi abantu elibuyiselwe eyakhelwe kabusha kwaseStalingrad. Khona-ke entsha izakhiwo ephezulu liphumele khona, izikwele ububanzi futhi izindlela, kodwa inkumbulo zalabo zehlakalo ezimbi uyaphila.

incazelo

Mill uGerhardt - ubufakazi buthule, owasinda impi angakhuluma abantu baseSoviet ngokumelene wobushiqela. Zicwiywa isakhiwo ngamabomu awabuyiswanga washiya ngenxa yalokho, ukuze kube ngawokwakha yizizukulwane ezizayo. Manje amanxiwa amabhizinisi ufulawa yokugaya zifakwe "Battle of kwaseStalingrad" eyinkimbinkimbi Museum.

ukubukeka

isigayo uGerhardt e Volgograd ine ezithakazelisayo pre-impi umlando nezinsalela 1899, lapho usomabhizinisi Alexander uGerhardt wekoloni German sifundazwe Straub Novouzensk County Samara unikwe igunya lokwenza ukwakhiwa izinkampani wokugaya. Ehlobo lika-1900, emaphethelweni Caricino uvele uGerhardt esigayweni. Khona-ke waqala ekukhiqizeni nokudayiswa kafulawa.

isigayo uGerhardt e Volgograd. indaba

Phakathi umlilo ngo-1907 esigayweni lashisa cishe emhlabathini. Kodwa ngo-May 1908 lavuselelwa futhi, ukwakhiwa yasetshenziswa Ukuqinisa izindonga futhi wasisekela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo, ngesikhathi le ndlela kuyinto eziphambili.

Lesi sakhiwo uyoba enamandla kakhulu, ukushuba kwezingange zawo - mayelana imitha, ngakho uGerhardt isigayo ngaphandle nje umsindo ngokuphelele eyenziwe ngezitini ezibomvu. Interior nokufakwa nazo zihlukaniswa ubuchwepheshe okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokokuqala. generator siqu amabhizinisi kubuye agweme iziphazamiso ngenxa yokuntuleka kukagesi kanye zokuthutha mechanical kwandiswe umkhiqizo. Kwakunesidingo futhi yayithola okusanhlamvu okuningi, ikamelo kubhayela futhi izimpahla imikhiqizo isiqedile. Isakhiwo zezimboni uGerhardt ngaphandle ufulawa, kufakwe uwoyela ngokucindezela, bhaka ukukhiqizwa rybokoptilnoe.

ngonyaka 1911-1942

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1911, inkampani uye waletha imali bahlonipheke futhi ekukhiqizeni abasebenzi 78 babesebenza, ngisebenza ishifu eyathatha amahora ayishumi nengxenye. Ngemva 1917 uGerhardt isigayo zadliwa uhulumeni, futhi kuze kube ngo-1929 wabizwa ngokuthi inombolo isigayo nesizotha 4. Ngemva kokufa K. Grudinina, abake ubesebenza njengomshayeli turner ngesikhathi inkampani UGerhardt, futhi emva kwempi ezimpini ukufakwa kwezimayini kuhulumeni yayo, esigayweni wanikezwa igama lamaKhomanisi oshonile. Umuntu owasungula le nkampani, wafa Apreli 21, 1933, ngemva kokuba waboshwa NKVD.

umsebenzi wawo waqhubeka isigayo kuze 1942, wayeka ukukhiqizwa amabhomu ephezulu alufakwa eyawela ophahleni ibhizinisi. Ngenxa yalokho wokuwa kwabo ku isakhiwo esigayweni, kwashona abasebenzi abaningi. Ingxenye abasebenzi zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo, abanye baqala avikele umuzi kanye nokufinyelela osendaweni kubalulekile emfuleni.

ngonyaka 1942-1943

Esigayweni baqhubeka bekhonza ngokwethembeka lomuzi wakhe ngemuva isakhiwo iye sezinqandiwe iyunithi Chervyakova uLieutenant bomlilo. It futhi amakhaya angomakhelwane Pavlová futhi Zabolotnogo baba okuthunyelwe umyalo elise Nantathu Guards kuqhuma Division. Le ndawo yaphenduka maphakathi kwegazi: yokuma isitha liseduze kakhulu futhi kwakungafanele ayeke amabhomu. Lesi sakhiwo kanye nabantu-ke abulawa. morale kwabo ngeke ephukile ngisho amabhomu ezingontuluntulu.

Amasosha we iRed Army matasa ukuzivikela ipherimitha e esigayweni phama, izinsuku 58 beat off ukuhlasela isitha. Izimpi ezazilwela ngoba zonke ngamasentimitha phansi. Budebuduze esigayweni emfuleni Kuye kwaba impumuzo ukuba amadoda ethu. Lapho, bathenga ukuwela. Ntambama emfuleni lwenziwe umlilo njalo ngisho ebusuku ukusebenzisa owela kwakuyingozi kakhulu, kodwa kwakungekho okunye.

Ngo-1943-ke lowacala okuhlaselayo emikhulu amabutho ethu endaweni Mamayev Kurgan, ashanele ngokusebenzisa le ndawo "Januwari 9" uyekile kube maphakathi umlilo. Khona-ke amasosha iRed Army bakwazi ukuqoqa izidumbu asebenza nabo, noma bangcwatshwa heroes bewile isikwele engcwabeni elikhulu, futhi sokuthula kakade efakwe egwadle lesikhumbuzo.

Iminyaka yangemva kwempi

Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, zokubuyiselwa komhlaba esimweni asebenzayo lomuzi, wahlala isetshenzwe uGerhardt esigayweni. KwaseStalingrad lakhiwa kabusha, kodwa izakhiwo eziningana, kuhlanganise isigayo, kwesokunxele njengoba inkumbulo kwemphi lematima futhi igazi.

Umhlanganyeli Omkhulu Patriotic neMpi Malyutina Ekaterina Yakovlevna wangitshela ukuthi edolobheni kususwa abahlaseli isiJalimane, ukuze angabonwa ekude. Lalimelela umlotha futhi emanxiweni itshe akakwazanga ukumelana umlilo esibulalayo, namadoda wema.

I Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke se-4th of kwaseStalingrad babe emanxiweni esigayweni nendlu Pavlová, nakho konke okunye akulona ngenhla kwamadolo. Ukuqala umsebenzi ukuvuselela kwakuyisihloko ukuba demine edolobheni ezidingekayo. Ngakho kuphela imvume zensimu wokugaya kanye indlu Pavlová uGerhardt wathatha iminyaka eyikhulu nengxenye. Nakuba isakhiwo esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ngocingo, izingane ukwazi kwakunzima ukuyeka. Ngakho-ke amagobolondo undlovukayiphikiswa baqhubeka ukubulala e nenkathi yokuthula.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ukuqhuma sisezwakala emhlabeni kwaseStalingrad, amagobolondo German ngenkani engafuni ushiye umhlaba Russian. Kodwa abantu baseSoviet benza ithemba, wabamba isakhiwo. Abantu wahlala ke ngokuvamile kuphi. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni the 2nd kwesokunxele ekuhlaseleni kwaseStalingrad ezintathu isiJalimane, lokho omunye wabo futhi wenza ehostela besilisa. Ukubuyisela edolobheni sonakaliswe impi kwenziwa ngokushesha. Ngesikhashana nje, abantu waqala ukungena amakhaya amasha.

Ukwakha i-panorama Battle of kwaseStalingrad Museum waqala ngo-1967, manje Museum kanye isakhiwo esigayweni, ngaphandle kokungabaza, kukhona ikhadi ukubizwa edolobheni. Namuhla, ukuzivikela Museum eyinkimbinkimbi kwaseStalingrad waphenduka uGerhardt esigayweni.

Volgograd manje - idolobha ukuqhakaza ukuthi akamkhohlwa namaqhawe alo: abendawo ayevame ukuvakashela endaweni yokungcwaba amasosha owalwela ezweni lenkaba yawo. I-panorama of Battle of kwaseStalingrad Museum ubonisa usizi aba nalo lapho impi futhi ukubhujiswa, amathambo osontekile izakhiwo kunzima ukwazi Volgograd zamanje. Ngesikhathi izenzakalo elalinikezelwe Day Victory, ingqalabutho lokusinda izinyembezi ukhulume labo zehlakalo ezimbi zempi, kanye nokwakhiwa esigayweni ubudala limelela yokumelana kwethu bomlilo. Ebhidlikayo ukhonkolo, itshe zaphela amandla, abantu basinda!

Windmill ngesikhathi samanje

wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule, uGerhardt (Volgograd) isigayo wayesalokhu zivuleleke ekutheni zihlonzwe ngaphakathi esakhiweni. Namuhla, ukwesaba nciphisa nezingozi, lokuyibhekisisa avunyelwe ngaphandle kuphela, kodwa eduze avunyelwe uhambo ezingavamile iqembu izintatheli. Ezitebhisini zivaliwe kusukela Amabha prying. Kodwa ngisho ngokusebenzisa kungabonwa lokho izimpi ezesabekayo yenzeka ngaphakathi ngamunye isitezi saleso sakhiwo. Ngokusebenzisa izinkambo waqondisa futhi ukhuluma ngani ngalezo zinsuku ezimbi, abasebenzi Museum ukukhombisa nezakhamuzi kusukela amachashazi kanye amagobolondo ezindongeni isakhiwo.

Wasinda sibonga nomklamo walo onamandla, kodwa manje isitha wakhe oyinhloko isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, i-Museum uhlela ukulondoloza wokwakha aphathe enamathela hydrophobic ukuze awuvikele umonakalo.

2013

Ngo-2013, isakhiwo wokugaya eyayibekwe ikhophi elincane ebaziwe umthombo izingane umdanso. Ukuze ukuthembeka enkulu wayefuna ukuwenza? A imigodi embalwa, thina-ke banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i lokudlela kakhulu nge emthonjeni izikhathi ezimbalwa hit isando.

Abantu abavakashela kuleli dolobha kumelwe uvakashela leli Museum edabukisayo. isigayo uGerhardt e Volgograd (izithombe awakwazi ukuveza bonke emizweni we ukubonwa) uyobakhumbula isikhathi eside.