Umphakathi Social: yayo definition, isakhiwo, ukubaluleka

Umphakathi sotsiokulturnuju limelela oluphelele ehlanganisa inqwaba subsystems. Omunye wabo umphakathi nomphakathi. Noma yimuphi umphakathi kusho isixuku sabantu abane-into efanayo (isib, izithakazelo, nobe tinjongo). Abantu ziyeza ndawonye phi gwamanda ngokuvamile banemibono efanayo mayelana nokuphila, play emphakathini izindima ezifanayo zenhlalo.

Ngakho, singasho ukuthi umphakathi nomphakathi - iqoqo ngabanye abantu, behlanganiswe kwezimo ezifanayo wokuphila, kufanele izithakazelo ezifanayo, amagugu, futhi bazi ngesimo sabo ungubani emphakathini. Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu ngokuletha abantu ndawonye kungaba: nokuxhumana babo obuseduze nomunye, umsebenzi Imininingwane, ukuqwashisa yokufana kwezingubo izithakazelo, isiko lalo, kwakheka ngesisekelo imibono efanayo mayelana nenjongo kulo mphakathi, imiqondo zokuziphatha, njll, khona ukuzibusa.

Kunamaphuzu amaningana zezenhlalo ukholelwa ukuthi imiphakathi nomphakathi kanye namaqembu ezimweni eziningi musa kungavela ngokuzenzekelayo. Omunye umqondo banemvelaphi esikiselwa American J. Homans, ukholelwa ukuthi abantu nihlanganyele, ezama ukufeza izinzuzo ezithile. Eliphawuleka bededela inzuzo, uma wenza umzamo owengeziwe idinga umuntu zokusondelana nabanye abantu, labo umnyanya lo inzuzo futhi abalulekile. Ngamagama alula, ngokuvumelana sezokuhlalisana kwabantu American, abantu aqoqana akha umphakathi nomphakathi ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo othile.

Umphakathi nabanye abantu kungaba kwenye injongo imfundo yakhe, futhi yakha imibono. Izinhlobo izinhlangano ezinjalo abantu banemibono ehlukene ngempela ngalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

- Isikhathi khona: kusukela emizuzwini embalwa (izilaleli emhlanganweni ehholo) ukuze wonke amakhulu eminyaka (isizwe eceleni zithathwe);

- ukwakheka kwabantu zabo abamelwe esuka kubantu amabili kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane eziningana (amalungu eqembu elithile);

- ukuminyana ukuxhumana phakathi abamele abalulekile kusuka eduze nokuhlangana kwemicabango ithimba (abasebenzi ehhovisi) ukuze amorphous kakhulu, uxhumana zokwakheka (football fans) neze.

Izazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu ukuhlukanisa into efana umphakathi mass kwezenhlalo, kuyizimpawu okuyizinto:

- ukuntengantenga wempilo;

- heterogeneity of the ukwakheka abantu bayo abalekeleli ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento yokunquma inani eliqondile;

- ukusebenza ngesisekelo umsebenzi futhi ngeke kube khona ngaphandle kwayo.

Njengoba isibonelo, umphakathi mass yezenhlalakahle kungaletha abalandeli pop izinkanyezi ezithile, bezemidlalo, club, amalungu Abangane ahlukahlukene. Tribe abomdabu of New Guinea, isizwe ngazinye, umjaho, isixuku zababhikishi eduze nokuphathwa inkampani nazo emiphakathini okukhulu nomphakathi.

Indawo ekhethekile phakathi nezinye izinhlangano kuthatha uhlanga - iqoqo abantu abaphila isikhathi eside endaweni ethile, nge esitebeleni isiko siqu, libhekene ukuzinyeza, okungukuthi abazi umehluko yayo kusuka kwamanye izinhlangano ezifanayo. umphakathi Ethnic Kumiswa, njengoba umthetho, ngesisekelo Imininingwane endaweni umhlaba ephilayo, ekudaleni zonke izimo ezidingekile nokuxhumana womuntu nomunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho efana uhlanga umphakathi nomphakathi kwakhiwa kakade, lesi sici iba ebaluleke yesibili, noma ngisho ulahlekelwe okukushoyo. Abantu abazihlanganisa njengoba uhlanga oluthile, ungaphila emakhoneni ezahlukene Earth, ngesikhathi esifanayo, khumbula uhloniphe amasiko iqembu abahlala eKosovo, esungulwe ukugubha amaholide abo futhi banamathele emithethweni ethile yokuziphatha.

Komphakathi lomuntu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela yayo namanye amalungu kanye ukuphila kohlanga lwesintu. Ngamunye wethu ngezindlela ezingafani, ingeyona eyodwa, kodwa imiphakathi eziningana emphakathini. Umuntu ongaphandle emphakathini iyeke uzizwa ufana nomuntu, iba esekhishwa inyumbazane.