Copper - umzimba noma imfuyo? izakhiwo zethusi

Cishe III yeminyaka BC kubhekwa inguquko kusuka itshe njengombukiso impahla eziyisisekelo zezimboni ukuba ngethusi. Isikhathi ukulungiswa ubhekwa eminyakeni eyikhulu zethusi. Phela, leli kwakwakhe ngaleso sikhathi owawubaluleke kunayo yonke e ukwakhiwa, ekwenzeni izinto zasekhaya, glassware, nezinye izinqubo.

Kuze kube manje, ithusi akalilahlile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo futhi namanje kubhekwa metal kubaluleke kakhulu, ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa izidingo ezehlukene. Copper - umzimba noma imfuyo? Yini izakhiwo ke anazo futhi yini enye edingekayo? Zama ukuqonda okwengeziwe.

izici Jikelele timphawu zethusi

Njengoba chemical isici zethusi has isikhundla salo uhlelo gqwa. It kulandela.

1. Eyesine isikhathi omkhulu, umugqa wokuqala.
2. Iqembu lokuqala, sub-ngamaqembu.
3. Inombolo ukulandelana 29.
4. isisindo Atomic - 63,546.
5. Ukulungiselelwa electronic olwelwesini ¹⁰ sivezwe ngefomula 3d 4s ^1.

I element has esitebeleni isotopes ezimbili yemvelo ngezinombolo mass 63 futhi 65. Latin igama cuprum isici, echaza yawo yamakhemikhali uphawu Cu. Ngo amafomula ukufunda ngokuthi "cuprum", igama Russian - zethusi.

Copper - umzimba noma imfuyo?

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukuqala ukuchaza imigomo 'wesimo "futhi' umzimba '. Basuke wafunda ngomunye amazinga esikoleni, njengoba kuyisidingo. Kusukela umbono wesayensi kwamakhemikhali ne-physics, into ibhekwa njengezwekazi zonke izinto yokwakha izinto ezithile. Okungukuthi, izibonelo izinto ongakhonza zonke zamakhemikhali kokubili imvelo organic wezinto ezingaphili.

Umzimba - iyona into ngokwayo, okuyinto nje ezinye izidakamizwa. Zingase engesiyo ezakhiwa indoda, noma-ke odabuka yemvelo. Izibonelo yocingo: izinzipho, amafasitela, amapuleti, itafula, iKhabhinethi, imbali imbiza nokunye.

Ukuze ahlukanise phakathi le miqondo emibili, sikunikeza ezinye izibonelo yokuqhathanisa.

1. Ushukela - a lollipop izidakamizwa - umzimba.
2. Iron - ikhemikhali nail - emzimbeni.
3. Ibhokisi - yomzimba, ingilazi - ikhemikhali.

Kusobala ngalezo zinto ukuthi lo mbuzo: "Ithusi - umzimba noma imfuyo?" - impendulo isobala. Le into. Manje, uma siqhubeka ipuleti ithusi noma indandatho sethusi, khona, yebo, umuntu akumelwe akhulume kubo njengoba umzimba.

Ngamagama yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, ithusi - ke kuyinto into okuqondene isigaba metal. It has eziningi izakhiwo ezibalulekile kakhulu lapho umsuka ukusetshenziswa aleli kwakwakhe.

Into elula zethusi - metal non-ayoni

Njengoba siye kuboniswe kakade, ithusi - kwensimbi. Nokho, akuwona wonke amalungu aleli qembu elithi izinto ayafana e izici zabo. Kukhona soft futhi kanzima, emhlophe nephuzi, izinsimbi abomvu kanye nabanye. Ithusi kusebenza futhi non-ayoni izinsimbi esithambile.

Isakhiwo electronic zama-athomu yayo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunquma ngokunembile, ithusi - metal noma nonmetal. Phela, ezingeni zangaphandle it has electron eyodwa kuphela, okusho ukuthi uyakwazi kalula ukunikeza emuva, okubonisa ejwayelekile ukunciphisa metal izakhiwo. Ngenxa yalokho, yokuthi kufanele kuhlukaniswe ncamashi izinsimbi kungabaza. Lokhu futhi kuboniswa Izakhiwo zanoma yayo imfuyo elula.

izakhiwo

Copper - into noma emzimbeni? Ngokugcwele ngokuthi ngokunemba impendulo kungenziwa kuphela kubhekwe izindawo zayo ngokomzimba. Uma sikhuluma lesi sici uyinto elula, libhekene isethi elandelayo izici ngoba.

1. Metal abomvu.
2. Soft nabalolongeka kakhulu.
3. Excellent ukushisa umqhubi kanye umqhubi kagesi.
4. Hhayi refractory, izinga lokushisa ukuncibilika kuyinto 1084.5 ⁰ C.
5. I konga 8.9 g / cm ^3.
6. Emvelweni, zitholakala ngokuyinhloko ifomu bomdabu.

Ngakho, kuvela ukuthi zethusi - into nge owaziwa kusukela endulo uqobo. Ngesisekelo izikhathi bayo basendulo ukudala izakhiwo eminingi yezakhiwo, ekhiqizwa glassware nendlu izinto.

chemical izakhiwo

Ngokombono walaba reactivity, ithusi - lokhu umzimba noma izidakamizwa kokuba ikhono ongaphakeme baxhumane. Kukhona isimo ezimbili eziyinhloko namachibi kwalesi sakhi, ngalolo liveza ukuxhumana. Ziyakwazi:

• ukubeka +1;
• 2.

Akuvamile kuyindaba lapho amanani wedatha esikhundleni ezintathu.

Ngakho, ithusi ongahlanganyela:

• emoyeni;
• carbon dioxide;
• hydrochloric acid ezinye compounds kuphela kakhulu okushisa aphezulu.

Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ebusweni metal yakha zokuzivikela oxide ifilimu. Ukuthi ivikela ke kusukela namachibi okwengeziwe, futhi odlulisela ukuzinza kanye esingasebenzi.

Kusukela zethusi compounds elula uyakwazi ukusabela nge:

• halogens;
• selenium;
• cyanide;
• grey.

Ngokuvamile kudala compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi noma nosawoti double. compounds Cishe zonke eziyinkimbinkimbi kwalesi sakhi, ngaphandle oxides - ezinobuthi. Lezo zinhlayiya akha zethusi monovalent kalula oxidized abamele divalent.

izicelo

Copper - ingxube noma izidakamizwa okumsulwa kunoma yiziphi lezi uthi kabanzi lisetshenziswe umkhakha nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Kungenzeka ukuze uqoke izimboni ezinkulu eziningana zisebenzisa compounds yithusi, metal okumsulwa.

1. Isikhumba umkhakha, lapho ezinye usawoti esetshenziswa.
2. Ukwakha fur nosilika.
3. Ukwakha umquba nokuvikelwa plant kusuka nezilokazane (bluestone).
4. Alloys yethusi kabanzi embonini yezimoto.
5. Shipbuilding, aviakonstruktsii.
6. Kagesi, lapho zethusi isetshenziswa ngenxa ezinhle ukugqwala ukumelana naso futhi kwenze okusezingeni eliphezulu conductivity kagesi futhi ezishisayo.
7. ithuluzi ezahlukene.
8. Ukukhiqizwa glassware nendlu izinto zenani kwezomnotho.

Kusobala ukuthi ngaphakathi spite of emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, insimbi kwasicinisa isikhundla sakhe aba kuwufanele futhi indispensability e isicelo.

Alloys Copper izakhiwo zabo

Kukhona okuningi Alloys zethusi ezisekelwe. Uneziqu okusezingeni eliphezulu izici lobuchwepheshe, njengoba kokuzihlanganisa kalula waligingqa, ungukukhanya futhi ngokwanele. Nokho, unezela kakhulu ngcono izakhiwo izingxenye ezithile.

Kulokhu, kufanele ubuze umbuzo: "Ithusi - into noma umzimba wenyama, uma kuziwa Alloys yayo?" Impendulo kungaba: yalolu ketshezi. Zonke efanayo, kukuwe nje kubo uma nje noma ibaphi umzimba wenyama zizokwenziwa i ingxubevange okungukuthi umkhiqizo othize.

Yiziphi Alloys yethusi?

1. inhlanganisela bucishe bulingane zethusi zinc e laqanjwa ngokuthi ngethusi. Lokhu ingxubevange buyimfanelo enamandla okusezingeni eliphezulu nokuzabalazela kuhlasela zamakhemikhali.
2. lethusi Tin - inhlanganisela nethini.
3. Melchior - nickel nethusi e isilinganiso 20/80 100. Isetshenziselwa womshini ubucwebe.
4. Constantan - inhlanganisela nickel, nethusi okufakiwe manganese.

Ukubaluleka yemvelo

Akubalulekile kangako, ithusi - into noma emzimbeni. abanye ababalulekile. Iyini indima ithusi ukuphila eziphilayo? It kuvela ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho, athomu ye zensimbi imisebenzi elandelayo.

1. Ezikhona ekuguqulweni yensimbi ion e-hemoglobin.
2. Bona abambe iqhaza ngokugcwele izinqubo ukukhula nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha.
3. Vumela kufakwe acid acid tyrosine, yingakho kuthinte nokuboniswa nombala wezinwele futhi isikhumba.

Uma Umzimba ulahlekelwa isici asebenzayo ngobungako edingekayo ke kungase kube isifo edabukisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, ukuqothuka kwezinwele, mncane ubuhlungu nokunye.