Imisipha zesivikelo sesifuba. Izinhlobo imisipha Imicu yotshani

imisipha Imicu yotshani Izacile ukwakha ngamunye imisipha lwamathambo. ukujiya yabo imayelana 0,05-0,11 kuphela mm kanti ubude 15 cm. Muscle fibre striated kwemisipha izicubu ziqoqwa zibe izinyanda, okuhlanganisa Imicu 10-50. Lezi izinyanda sizungezwe ezicutshini (fascia).

Imisipha ngokwayo futhi zizungezwe fascia. Cishe 85-90% yevolumu up imisipha Imicu yotshani yayo. Ingxenye esele - izinzwa futhi imithambo yegazi ukuthi badlule phakathi kwabo. Enisemikhawulweni imisipha imicu eminingana striated kwemisipha izicubu kancane kancane siguqulelwa umsipha. Laba exhunywe amathambo.

Mitochondria futhi myofibrils e imisipha

Cabanga isakhiwo se-fibre kwemisipha. Esikhathini cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) iqukethe inqwaba mitochondria. Badlala indima amandla lapho exchange of izinto bese buthelela izinto namandla-ocebile, kanye nalabo kudingeka ukuthi ukunikeza izidingo zamandla. Kunezinkulungwane ezimbalwa mitochondria kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yeseli kwemisipha. Akulesi mayelana 30-35% we isisindo salo Imininingwane.

Isakhiwo fibre imisipha kangangokuthi uchungechunge mitochondria yakhiwe eduze myofibrils. This sesigcilikisha mncane loniketa ukusikwa futhi ukuphumula nemisipha yethu. Ngokuvamile iseli eziningi myofibrils, lapho ubude ngamunye ungaba ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Uma esisindo sazo zonke myofibers eligoqiwe okuqondene amaseli kwemisipha, iphesenti isisindo sayo Imininingwane kuyoba mayelana 50%. Ngakho-ke, ukushuba we fibre kuncike ngokuyinhloko inani myofibrils elise therein kanye cross-isakhiwo sabo. Futhi, myofibrils yakhiwa sarcomeres eziningi ezincane.

imisipha Striated izicubu Imicu yotshani zinezikhathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Nokho, isakhiwo sabo kuhlukile kancane kuncike ubulili. Ngokusho imiphumela imisipha biopsy miphumela yayisho wenza ukuthi le micu imisipha myofibrils iphesenti labesifazane lingaphansi kunalokhu ukuthi abantu. Lokhu kusebenza ngisho ephezulu ezingeni abasubathi.

Phela, lo mass kwemisipha kakhulu kwasakazwa Ukuboshelwa wonke umzimba e besilisa nabesifazane. Ingxenye obuqand abesifazane akuso engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba. Phezulu ivolumu imisipha incane, futhi mancane futhi ngokuvamile enza ongaqeqeshiwe.

obomvu fibre

Kuye ukukhathala, histochemical staining futhi contractile izakhiwo kwemisipha Imicu yotshani zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: obomvu nomhlophe. Red kukhona Imicu yotshani kancane kokuba ububanzi ezincane. Ukuze uthole amandla basebenzisa namachibi of acid okunamafutha kanye carbohydrate (isimiso esinjalo libizwa ukukhiqizwa energy aerobic). Le micu nazo kuthiwa njengoba ingasheshi noma kancane-Twitch. Ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo 1 zesivikelo sesifuba.

Kungani Imicu yotshani abomvu kangaka okuthiwa

Red, bebizwa ngoba banayo coloration obomvu histochemical. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le micu aqukethe myoglobin eziningi. Myoglobin - sombala amaprotheni ekhethekile kokuba umbala obomvu. Umsebenzi wayo ukuthi ihambisa i-oksijini ngokujulile le micu imisipha ye-capillary igazi.

Izici Imicu yotshani obomvu

Slow imisipha Imicu yotshani abe sebuningini mitochondria. Ngo inqubo namachibi abazenzi, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu amandla. Imicu yotshani Red sizungezwe inethiwekhi enkulu capillary. Badinga ukuletha semali-mpilo ngegazi.

Slow imisipha imicu eminingana kahle ingashintshwa ukuze ukuqaliswa aerobic ohlelweni ukukhiqiza amandla. amandla kuqhathaniswa eliphansi Kufinyeta yabo. Izinga lapho bedla amandla kwanele ukwenza umzimba aerobic kuphela. Imicu yotshani Red awunankinga yokwenze operation non-olunzulu futhi eqhubekayo, ezifana ukuhamba futhi ukugijima, stayerskogo ibanga ukubhukuda, Ukuvivinya umzimba ngendlela nabanye.

Ukuncishiswa imisipha fibre kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunyakaza angadingi umzamo omkhulu. Siyabonga kuye, busekelwa ukumisa. Lezi striated kwemisipha izicubu nobuntu fibre, okuyinto afakiwe nase-umsebenzi imithwalo ezisukela 20 ku-25% we esiphezulu amandla kungenzeka. Basuke izimpawu okukhuthazela esihle. Nokho, le micu obomvu azisebenzi ukuqaliswa sprints, nokuphakamisa izinsimbi ezisindayo, njll, Njengoba lezi zinhlobo imithwalo zidinga ukugeleza futhi iyashesha odala energy. Ngenxa yale njongo kukhona Imicu yotshani elimhlophe okuyizinto ezingenawo ngazo manje.

Imicu yotshani mhlophe

Zibizwa ngokuthi nangokuthi okusheshayo, bystrosokraschayuschihsya uhlobo 2 zesivikelo sesifuba. ubukhulu yabo inkulu kuqhathaniswa abomvu. Ngoba amandla basebenzisa ikakhulu glycolysis (isb uhlelo ukukhiqiza amandla bona anaerobic). Le micu okusheshayo lemali encane myoglobin. Yingakho asemhlophe.

Wokuqhekeka ATP

Imicu yotshani Fast has emikhulu ATPase umsebenzi enzyme. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wokuqhekeka ATP kuyashesha, lokhu kunikeza amandla amaningi, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu umsebenzi okhandlayo. Njengoba le micu ezimhlophe zinezikhathi izinga amandla izindleko, futhi zidinga ngesivinini sokubuyiselwa zishintshe ATP. Futhi anganikeza inqubo glycolysis ngoba, ngokungafani nokubili namachibi, kwenzeka le micu sarcoplasm kwemisipha. Ngakho-ke, i-oksijini ukulethwa mitochondria kungadingeki, njengoba ukulethwa amandla yokugcina kuya myofibrils.

Kungani Imicu yotshani ezimhlophe akhathala ngokushesha

glycolysis Ngenxa kwenzeka lactate (acidosis acid) ngokushesha ukuqongelela. Ngenxa yalokhu, le micu ezimhlophe usukhathele ngokushesha, uyayeka ekugcineni ukusebenza imisipha yakho. yakheke kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba abomvu ngaphansi kumiswa aerobic acidosis acid. Yingakho zikwazi voltage ngokulinganisela isikhathi eside.

Izici Imicu yotshani mhlophe

Imicu yotshani White abe ubukhulu isihlobo omkhulu obomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziqukethe glycogen okuningi futhi myofibrils, kodwa mitochondria ambalwa. Imisipha fibre cell yalolu hlobo has ukubunjwa kanye creatine yayo phosphate (CP). Kudingeka at esigabeni sokuqala ukusebenza ephezulu umfutho.

Imicu yotshani Iningi ezimhlophe ingashintshwa ukuze enze imizamo enamandla, okusheshayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifushane, ngoba babe namandla okukhuthazela ongaphakeme. fibre Quick, uma iqhathaniswa naso kancane, zingancishiswa izikhathi 2 ngokushesha, nokuthuthukisa amandla izikhathi 10 okukhulu. ngesivinini esiphezulu futhi amandla yomuntu eba ngenxa yabo. Uma umsebenzi kudinga 25-30% yomzamo esiphezulu nangaphezulu, okusho ukuthi iqhaza kuba Imicu yotshani emhlophe. Bahlukene ngokwendlela indlela yokuthola amandla phezu izinhlobo ezimbili ezilandelayo.

Quick glycolytic imisipha Imicu yotshani

Uhlobo lokuqala - Imicu yotshani okusheshayo glycolytic. Inqubo glycolysis lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla. Ngamanye amazwi, bayakwazi ukusebenzisa kuphela anaerobic ohlelweni ukukhiqiza amandla ukuthi Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-acidosis acid (lactate). Ngakho, idatha fibre ukukhiqiza amandla nge-oksijini, ie ngu-aerobic. Imicu yotshani Fast glycolytic zinezikhathi a isivinini namandla entengo. Badlala indima enkulu nokuqasha uyaca e abasubathi, bodybuilders, futhi unikeze kubagijimi nasemaphinini ababhukudi, esebenza kwi Sprint, ijubane esiphezulu.

Imicu yotshani namachibi-glycolytic Rapid

Eyesibili uhlobo - okusheshayo Imicu yotshani namachibi-glycolytic. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-futhi zesikhashana noma Lesisemkhatsini. Le micu kukhona uhlobo nohlobo Lesisemkhatsini phakathi kancane futhi okusheshayo kwemisipha zesivikelo sesifuba. Basuke izimpawu uhlelo enamandla ukukhiqizwa energy (anaerobic), kodwa bazivumelanisa ukuqaliswa futhi angabacwasi okukhulu ukuzivocavoca. Ngamanye amazwi, le micu ingaqala eziningi umzamo futhi nenani elikhulu ukunciphisa. Ngakho umthombo oyinhloko amandla glycolysis. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma ukushuba ukusikwa uthotshiselwa, bayakwazi ukusebenzisa namachibi ngempumelelo. Lolu hlobo lwe-fibre icushiwe operation, uma umthwalo 20 kuya kuma-40% esiphezulu. Nokho, lapho kuba emhlabeni 40%, yomzimba womuntu ngokushesha aguqulwa ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa Imicu yotshani okusheshayo glycolytic.

Isilinganiso imicu kuyashesha futhi kancane emzimbeni

Izifundo sezenziwe ngokuhamba eyasungulwa yokuthi isilinganiso imicu kuyashesha futhi kancane emzimbeni womuntu kunqunywa zofuzo. Uma sikhuluma umuntu ovamile, anakho mayelana 40-50% kancane, futhi mayelana 50-60% ngokushesha. Nokho, ngamunye wethu uhlukile. Emzimbeni womuntu noma abantu abathize zingase zingaphumi Imicu yotshani kokubili ezimhlophe futhi zibomvu.

Ingxenye nabo imisipha ezihlukahlukene zomzimba azifani. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisipha namaqembu abo emzimbeni imisebenzi ehlukene. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu imisipha transverse Imicu yotshani zihlukile ukubunjwa yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-biceps futhi triceps cishe 70% Imicu yotshani emhlophe. amancane kunawo wonke yabo (cishe 50%) Kancane. Kodwa kule imisipha gastrocnemius we Imicu 16%. Okusho ukuthi, uma izinhloso nemisebenzi ingxenye ashukumisayo ngaphezulu umsebenzi imisipha, kuyoba okusheshayo ngaphezulu, hhayi kancane.

Ukuxhumana okuhle umdlalo nge izinhlobo imisipha Imicu yotshani

Sesiyazi ukuthi isilinganiso jikelele imicu obomvu nomhlophe emzimbeni womuntu wabeka zofuzo. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu ezinhlanganweni ezahlukene futhi abe angalingani kwezemidlalo. Omunye ezingcono ezemidlalo ezidinga nokukhuthazela, nokuthi umuntu - amandla. Uma kubuswa Imicu yotshani kancane, umuntu ukulungele kakhulu Ukushushuluza, marathons, ukubhukuda ibanga elide, nokunye. E., Lokho ezemidlalo, okwakuhilela ikakhulu aerobic ohlelweni ukukhiqiza amandla. Uma umzimba kuka okusheshayo-Twitch imisipha endwangwini, kungenzeka ukuze zithole imiphumela emihle sawo esiningi, Sprint, Sprint ukubhukuda, weightlifting, Powerlifting, nabanye. Tinhlobo, lapho ukubaluleka uthishanhloko kungokwalabo amandla alufakwa. Futhi, njengoba wazi, anganikeza ezimhlophe imisipha Imicu yotshani kuphela. Le abadlali omkhulu njalo sprinters ubuswa kubo. Isibalo sawo imisipha imilenze ifinyelela zabo-85%. Uma kukhona ngezabelo cishe kulingana wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemicu, indoda kahle ezifaneleke phakathi ukugijima amabanga amade futhi ukubhukuda. Nokho, la mazwi angenhla akusho ukuthi uma kubuswa Imicu yotshani okusheshayo, umuntu onjalo ngeke uze ukwazi ukusebenzisa webanga. Wayengase uyisebenzise, kodwa hhayi ngokufana ncamashí abe iqhawe kulo mdlalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umzimba zibomvu kakhulu endwangwini, imiphumela sawo esiningi ngeke umuntu onjalo mubi kakhulu kunaleyo Ngokwesilinganiso, isilinganiso imicu obomvu nomhlophe okuyinto okungenani zilingana.