Incazelo uhlelo izwe: France. France: umlando wezwe. France izikhumbuzo isiko

France - kwelinye lamazwe endala kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kwakhiwa okuyinto, kungashiwo, e elaseYurophu. Ngenxa isikhundla salo evumayo womhlaba njengoba umlando saba khona, kuye wakwazi amunca amasiko nemikhuba yezizwe eziningi ahlala endaweni yawo, labo izinhlanga lapho iwine yakhe ezweni, nakulabo wayengenayise nobuhlobo obunobungane. Ukuze noma yimuphi umfundi lolu lwazi kufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi kulula ukukuqonda, zama ukukutshela konke ngakho. Ake usebenzise elula incazelo uhlelo zwe. France ulethwa phambi nathi sama yayo yangaphambili ukuthi Kwakudida inkathi elikude, kancane kancane sifika namuhla.

prehistory

Ngalezo zinsuku, lapho eningizimu amazwe aseYurophu yaqhakaza isiko lasendulo, ensimini ka esifundeni esisenyakatho iyikhaya ngaphezulu izizwe zasendle, okuyinto, nakuba indlela yabo yokuphila, kodwa akazange afune zokugqokisa lisesimweni olulodwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, insimu samanje France wabizwa ngokuthi komlando Brittany, njengoba lalakhiwe ikakhulukazi Bretons. Kamuva, ubuzwe babo ukuthi kufakwe ne amaCelt, Gauls futhi Iberians, namanje kubhekwa okhokho bonke abantu okhona njengamanje wazinza France. Umlando wezwe ngalesi sikhathi eningi ithule ithe cwaka, njengoba ubhala ngokwayo, lezi izizwe zinamakhosi, futhi zonke iziphetho olungenza ochwepheshe yesimanje, zisekelwe kuphela monoliths silokhu sikhonza njengamaphayona esikhathi izikhumbuzo zomlando ngalezo zikhathi, futhi izinto zasekhaya.

Brittany yenguquko ukusuka ubuqaba ukuba endulo

It is kuwo wonke umuntu kwaziwe ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yaseYurophu kwaze kwaba yilapho Ephakathi babe ngesihluku. It yayiphumula futhi izwe France, okuyinto ngesikhathi isisekelo eMbusweni waseRoma oseNtshonalanga yayisivele ugcwale ngokugcwele yi-Gauls. Kancane kancane, laba bantu anamekwe impucuko, ayebonakala namagugu awo nemibono, kodwa umvuthwandaba wayo ekuthuthukiseni impucuko abaye bafinyelela ngayo. UMbusi waseRoma noGayu Yuliy Tsezar, kuhlanganise inqwaba nezinye izifundazwe nezindawo, siwuvumele usithonye, la mazwe, lapho yaziwa ngokuthi eGaul. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abantu bomdabu baqala ukukhuluma isi-Latin, okuyinto kakhulu ixubene izilimi zezigodi. It kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwazalwa yolimi lwanamuhla French.

Ephakathi

Kukholakala ukuthi inkathi amnyama kakhulu futhi udangele yomlando elisuka ngonyaka 486 - ngesikhathi lapho kuwa Western uMbuso WaseRoma. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izwe lethu uyashintsha futhi uhlelo izincazelo. France yayisikhuphuka ngaphansi kwegunya amaFrank izizwe ephethwe uClovis. Wanikeza amazwe ngokuthi "isimo Frankish" waba umsunguli wokuqala Merovingian lwamakhosi. Ukuze leli gama abadumile kulandele kungekho esiphawulekayo kancane emakhasini umlando abantu Agasti - Carolingians. umsunguli yabo, Pepin le iDemo nendodana yakhe Karl Veliky udale isimo ngendlela emangalisayo onamandla, okuyinto matasa ingxenye enkulu yeYurophu futhi has umnotho kakhulu esungulwe kanye nebutho lempi.

Kumiswa imingcele yesimanje kanye kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo

Ekhulwini 10th, isimo etholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Europe, ngokusemthethweni wathola igama France. ezikhumbuzo Cultural ukuthi kwakhiwa - amasonto eziningi futhi izinqaba isitayela Romanesque. Ngisho omakhelwane yokuhlala, ezitaladini Owadala emadolobheni amakhulu (Paris, Orleans), ezakhiwa tindlu letincane Romanized ngokuphelele enophahla oyindilinga kanye inthanethi ngqo. Against isizinda kanjani ukwembuleka esontweni namasiko wokuziphilisa yezwe, futhi agcinwe nezimpi eziningi. France wangena zinqobe Italy, eJalimane futhi eNgilandi, kodwa odume kunayo yonke emlandweni walo ahlale Zokholo. Imvelaphi yawo, izimbangela kanye nazo zonke izimfihlo elalihlanganyela endleleni Knights abanesibindi angakhuluma iminyaka. Kodwa lo mbiko uvuma kafushane umlando lesi sikhathi, siphawula ukuthi okushiwo kwaliwa ukholo lobuKristu, okuyinto ngokuphindaphindiwe ukufakazela ngisho onikezwe wonke umuntu emhlabeni.

Ezemfundo kanye Yezinguquko

Eminyakeni eyalandela isimo esiye sabhekana nazo izenzakalo eziningi ezithakazelisayo, okuyinto abathintekayo yonke imikhakha yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinsuku ngezansi, sinikeza emfushane, oyozibutha kuphela njengoba incazelo icebo yezwe. EFrance kusukela 1598 Useke wadlula amakhosi amaningi, abameleli okuyinto zalwa njengama- igazi ngoba kule nsimu ekhona, futhi aqala ukunqoba ephindelela. Ngakho, ke wehlela iqiniso lokuthi 1789 kwakukhona French Revolution nemiphumela yayo kwaba ukuhlukana iSigele. Ngemva lo mbuso kuqala lapho ikhanda waphenduka Napoleon ezamenyezelwa. Ngemva benqotshwa amazwe aseYurophu abaningi, kanye Egypt, wahlangana ukunqotshwa eRussia 1812, futhi umbuso wakhe isihlakazeka. Kusukela 1814 kuya 1830 izwe ubelokhu eqashelwa kwamakhosi ezimbili, abasunguli okwaba Lyudovik XVIII noCharles X. Nokho, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isimo uyekile gravitate ukuze ezimpini, ekuvukeleni nezinye imithetho, futhi kancane kancane waqala ukuthola komkhuba kulezizinsuku uhlelo.

Abantu France namuhla

Namuhla, inani labantu abahlala yezwekazi futhi yesifundazwe France, okuyisilinganiso sabangu-65 million. Phakathi wemizi emikhulu wacabangela emadolobheni iningi Paris, Lyon futhi Marseille. Ikakhulukazi isihloko ezithakazelisayo liyingxenye labantu isiFulentshi, uma sicabangela iqiniso lokuthi akukho into okuthiwa "kazwelonke" noma "indabuko" kuleli zwe kanti akunjalo. Kungenze ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi amaphesenti angu-90 abantu abahlala kuleli lizwe - kuyinto French yobuhlanga. Labo abasele abanga-10% ugajwe Armenia amaJuda Breton, Catalan, Alsatians, Corsicans futhi Flemings.

Inkolo nolimi udaba

Manje zama ukwenza esekelwe Ukwakheka ngokobuhlanga ulimi, kanye nezwe yenkolo echaza plan. France - kombuso wentando yabantu kakhulu futhi mahhala, okuyinto siyayizwa iyiphi amathonya phezu ingxenye yesonto noma nezinye izinhlangano. Imvelo wokuziphilisa kanye nokuntuleka imithetho eqinile ke yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ukuvela izimo uNkulunkulu akaziwa emphakathini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uNkulunkulu akekho. Noma kunjalo, ama-31% wase-France waqinisekisa ukuthi basakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, noma okungenani emandleni aphakeme. Ngokuphathelene ulimi isimo, iningi labantu osikhulumayo isiFulentshi. Ezindaweni akude futhi izifundazwe abantu basebenzisa sigodzi, esekelwe isiJalimane, neCorsican futhi Italian.