Base ne superstructure - kuyini?

Ngokuya anti-isayensi, ukukhulelwa uyiphupho yomlando njengesisekelo kokuphila komphakathi u-Advocate ngandlela-thile, imibono, imibono yenkolo noma zokuziphatha, theory zomthetho noma zezombangazwe. isakhiwo Komphakathi, ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kanye nokuthuthukiswa impucuko wonkana, ngakho-ke, ngazisa okuncikileyo kubo. Nokho, ngesikhathi esithile emlandweni lo mqondo ibilokhu umelana abanye ososayensi. abasunguli balo kubhekwe Engels futhi Marx. в их концепции являлись ключевыми понятиями. Base ne superstructure mqondo yabo ngumqondo ukhiye. Cabangela lezi zigaba ngokuningiliziwe.

izici Jikelele

являются основными понятиями исторического материализма. Base ne superstructure emphakathini ingabe imiqondo eyisisekelo izinto ezibonakalayo zomlando. Ngezinye isigaba ethile yentuthuko isakhiwo kwezomnotho ezanele. Usekhonza njengephayona ngesisekelo. Esikhathini sphere kwezenhlalo, kwakheka zomthetho, ezombusazwe, inkolo yamanga zefilosofi, ukubukwa wobuciko kanye nezikhungo ezifanele kubo. Bakha superstructure.

ngokucacile

Noma yimuphi isizinda inquma superstructure. Ngaphansi feudalism wayegaqele yayo kanye nezikhungo capitalism - socialism yayo ngaphansi - elihambisana naso. Base ne superstructure kukhona ukuxhumana okuthile. Uma kuqala siqedwa noma washintsha, noma lantambama ukulungiswa yesibili. Ngakho, uma kukhona isisekelo esisha, superstructure okuyakuba ngasemva kwakhe.

Ukubaluleka lokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo zomlando

) стали ключевыми звеньями развития новой теоретической мысли. Base ne superstructure (ngokuvumelana Marx) baba yingxenye esemqoka ekuthuthukiseni umcabango omusha theory. Umqondo lokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo zomlando kubhekwa njengento into enkulu kunazo zonke. essence yayo kanje.

– это те жизненно важные категории, без которых не может быть развития человечества. Base ne superstructure - lawa izigaba ezibalulekile, ngaphandle okungaba khona ukuthuthukiswa lesintu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zenzeka ngendlela ehlelekile. Okokuqala, abantu kudingeka badle, baphuze, ube indawo yokuhlala nezingubo. Bese bangakwenza art, ezombusazwe, inkolo kanye nezinye izinto. Ukudala oqondile ingcebo oyibamba njengoba konke ayeziphilisa ngakho, futhi ngokufanelekile, esigabeni ngasinye ukuthuthukiswa noma yobudala abantu yakha base. Futhi kuvela izikhungo zombuso, izinkolelo, ubuciko, imibono, abantu abasontayo elingokomoya. Futhi isuka phansi ukutadisha bezibona, hhayi okuphambene nalokho.

izincazelo

, рассмотрим процесс создания материальных благ. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi base futhi superstructure, cabanga inqubo ekwakhiweni kwemnotfo. Kuyinto izisekelo zomphakathi ukuphila. Instruments zokukhiqiza kanye nabo bonke abantu abaphila nabo isinyathelo, ube nesipiliyoni ezithile, amakhono emsebenzini, yakha amabutho ithele. Nazo ngokufanayo, kuphela ukuvela njengoba esinye zezici ezibalulekile zokuphila. Esinye isici ukwakha ubudlelwano zokukhiqiza. Ukudala ezinhle, abantu setha nomunye ukuxhumana okuthile. Inqubo ukukhiqizwa kungathatha indawo kuphela ngaphansi kohlaka lezi ubudlelwane. Ukuxhumana zakha isakhiwo ezomnotho zomphakathi - nesisekelo sangempela kuwo.

Amandla kanye nobudlelwane yakha aspect ezimbili nolimi futhi ebalulekile yenqubo ukukhiqizwa. Yena, ukhonza njengomPristi samuntu ubunye bawo e ekwakhiweni komnotho. Kusukela imodi zokukhiqiza umphakathi unikezwa izoncika kakhulu nemibono yayo, ukubukwa izinhlangano zezombusazwe. Indlela eyinhloko sokwakha umnotho zivumelana theory ezithile linqoba, izinhlobo ukwazi.

revolution nomphakathi

isizinda okwenyanga futhi superstructure nezinguquko ezithile. Basuke kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo nomphakathi, ukuthuthukisa kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo. Uma ushintsha amabutho elikhiqizayo ushintsho kanye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lokho kuyoholela ushintsho yonke oda kwezenhlalo. Marx ukuthi esikhathini esithile ukuthuthukiswa zamabutho impahla angene ukungqubuzana ubudlelwano zokukhiqiza.

Intuthuko yamuva nje amafomu siguqulelwa ngamaketanga. Kulesi simo, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa yezenhlalakahle iqala. Uma ushintsha isisekelo somnotho nge obuhlukahlukene isivinini Ukubuyiselwa emuva yenzeka yonke superstructure. Lapho kubonakala ukuthi kunesidingo njalo ukuhlukanisa aspect impahla yezombusazwe, zomthetho, zefilosofi, zenkolo nezinye amafomu ngemibono lapho madoda aqaphela ingxabano elafika futhi kukhona umzabalazo.

isiphetho

Kwakheka ngesisekelo a superstructure ethize iqala abazikhandla ithonya okuphambene phezu kwakhe. Ukuthi lo umthelela ingase ibe khona ehlukile. Lokhu kuzoncika imvelo nezenhlalakahle isizinda kanye superstructure uqobo. Lesi sakamuva, ngokukhethekile, ungase ube nomthelela okuqhubekayo bebheke inkambo efanayo yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle. Ngakho, izosiza ukuqhubekisela phambili intuthuko zamabutho elikhiqizayo emphakathini. Lesi simo kwenzeka imodeli sezenhlalo.

Superstructure Ungase futhi wenze njengoba isici retarding ngoba intuthuko zamabutho elikhiqizayo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, uyephuza ekukhuleni komphakathi. Leso simo ngendlela imodeli zama-Capitalist. Ngaphansi-ndawonye, njengoba amalungu aleli izinto ezibonakalayo amangalelwe intuthuko emphakathini kuyinto uhlamvu ehlelekile futhi bayezwa. Njengoba igazi indlela Soviet zokuphila wakhuthaza inqubomgomo Communist Party ne-state. indima yabo futhi ukubaluleka ziphezulu kakhulu. imfundo lamaKhomanisi abasebenzi basakaze phakathi ubungako kolwazi lwesayensi nokuhlonyiswa zezombusazwe ziyaphuma njengoba amandla amakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa wobukhomanisi.