Umnotho we-North Korea: incazelo kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Uhulumeni DPRK ukuthi ezweni labo ipharadesi elingokoqobo: bonke bajabule, ivikelwe futhi uqiniseka ngekusasa. Kodwa ababaleki zaseNyakatho Korea ukuchaza akunjalo, ezweni lapho kungadingeka ngihlale akwazi ukuyenza womuntu, okungenanjongo kanye nokuzikhethela. Umnotho North Korea sika isikhathi eside kwaba esibucayi. Le ncwadi uzobe izici ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wezwe ethulwa.

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I North umnotho Korean inezici ezintathu ehlukile. Okokuqala, limelela umyalo onjalo lapho izinsiza eyodwa wokusabalalisa. Lokhu uhlobo umnotho ngokuthi isimiso. Okwesibili, imithombo esetshenziswa yokulwisana izinsongo ezingase yokucekela phansi ubuqotho lizwe. Lokhu ukusetshenziswa ibizwa ngokuthi umnotho ukugqugquzela. Futhi okwesithathu, baqondiswe izimiso zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, okungukuthi, ubulungisa nokulingana.

Kule kuvela ukuthi umnotho North Korea - esihleliwe ukugqugquzela umnotho wezwe sezenhlalo. Lesi simo iyona ivaliwe kakhulu emhlabeni, kanye-yalolucwaningo 60 DPRK hhayi sabelane ngezibalo nezomnotho namanye amazwe, bese kwenzekani ngaphandle kwemingcele yayo, singakwazi kuphela ukuqagela.

Leli zwe ngeke elihle kunawo izimo zezulu, ngakho kukhona yokuntuleka kokudla. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, izakhamuzi kukhona ngaphasi kwelizinga lebuphuya, kuphela ngo-2000, indlala uyekile kube inkinga obaluleke kakhulu ezweni. Kusukela ngomhla ka-2011 e-North Korea ivuliwe endaweni 197th emhlabeni ngokuya nakwentiwa.

Ngenxa inqubomgomo militarization futhi ubuzwe-lamaKhomanisi isimo amafilosofi umnotho Kim Il Sung sika isikhathi eside wahlala neNkabazwe. Kuphela ngemuva kokufika Kim Jong-un kwangena izinguquko ezintsha emakethe ngamakhasimende futhi ngawakhulisa lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila, kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Umnotho ngemva kwempi

Engxenyeni ye-yalolucwaningo 20 ka XX kwekhulu lesibili leminyaka, Korea basungula enomkhiqizo wokumbiwa phansi enyakatho yezwe, owawungumnyaka isizathu nokwanda kwenani labantu. Kwema okuthile ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II. Korea ke ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: esiseningizimu yanika e-United States futhi North wafika ngaphansi kokubusa kweSoviet. Lesi sigaba kuye kwavusa Ukungadli kwemithombo yemvelo kanye womuntu. Ngakho, enyakatho sagxilisa ezingaba zezimboni onamandla, futhi eningizimu - kwenqwaba abasebenzayo.

Ngemva ukwakheka DPRK futhi ukuphothulwa Nempi YaseKorea (1950-1953) umnotho North Korea yaqala ukushintsha. It okwakwenqatshelwe ukuzibandakanya kumsebenzi ebhizinisi, futhi zaqala ukusetshenziswa uhlelo ikhadi. Kwakunzima ukuthengisa izilimo ezimakethe, kanye nezimakethe ngokwabo ziye zasetshenziswa kakhulu akuvamile.

Ngo-70 iziphathimandla zaqala ukuba aphishekele umgomo yesikhathi sesimanje kwezomnotho. Ngo umkhakha esindayo, ubuchwepheshe obusha kwangena. Izwe waqala ukuphakela emakethe izwe amaminerali namafutha. Ngo-1979, e-North Korea kakade bakwazi bazikhokhe ngaphandle kulona. Kodwa okuzenzakalelayo kwaqala ngo-1980 kuleliya lizwe.

Iminyaka engamashumi amabili crisis

Umnotho we-North Korea, ngamafuphi, uyisehluleki. Isidingo imikhiqizo yehlile kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa crisis uwoyela yezwe limenyezelwe ungeke uzithole usuwile. Ngo-1986 la izikweletu zangaphandle lamazwe-umbimbi kwaba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3 zamadola, futhi ngo-2000 angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-11 izikweletu. Emthambekeni ukuthuthukiswa komnotho esivuna umkhakha esindayo nobuchwepheshe ezempi, inyumbazana ngenxa yezwe kanye nekungabi nekusisa babé izici athiya intuthuko yomnotho.

Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, ngo-82 th, kwanqunywa ukwakha umnotho entsha, ngesisekelo eyayizoba ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo nengqalasizinda (ikakhulukazi amandla). iminyaka engu-2 kamuva ke waphasisa umthetho ku amabhizinisi ahlangene, okwasiza ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle. 1991 kwaphawulwa ukudalwa indawo kwezomnotho ekhethekile. Siqala kanzima, kodwa utshalomali agelezé khona.

Imibono ka Juche

umthelela ethize ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho isimo wayenamandla Juche yekuphila. Lolu hlobo uxhumano imiqondo, MarxismLeninism futhi Maoism. Ukudla kwalo main ezithinta umnotho, zazimi kanje:

• Revolution - kuyindlela ukufeza nokwaneliswa;
• ukwenza lutho kusho ukuyeka ukuzungelezisa
• ukuze kuvikeleke isimo udinga ukuhlomisa bonke abantu, ukuthi izwe selande laze laba inqaba;
• ube nombono elungile inguquko livela umuzwa ukwethembeka olungenamkhawulo ukuba umholi.

Empeleni lokhu yilokho okugcina umnotho North Korea. Kwenqwaba izisetshenziswa ziqondiswe ukuthuthukiswa yempi, futhi izimali ezisele kukhona ngokulambisa ngokwanele ukuze asindise abantu bebulawa indlala. Ekulesi simo, nihlubuka, kungabikho muntu.

Inkinga yokungabi 90s

Ngemva kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, iSoviet Union yaphela ukusekela North Korea. umnotho wezwe uyekile ziphenduke futhi yawela labhidlika. Korea saphela basekelwe neChina, futhi lihambisana izinhlekelele zemvelo uhola yokuthi indlala ezweni. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, indlala sabulala izinkulungwane zabantu 600. Uma ku ukusungulwa ibhalansi uhlelo kuhlulekile. ukudla Ukwandiswa ukushoda, amandla crisis yaqhuma ngenxa - ayeke ezimbonini eziningi.

Umnotho kwekhulu lama-21

Efika amandla Kim Chen Iri umnotho wezwe kancane "ngename". Uhulumeni yabamba izinguquko ezintsha emakethe, anda inani lotshalo mali IsiShayina (US $ 200 million ngo 2004). Ngenxa inhlekelele 90-yalolucwaningo ku DPRK okwandile ukuhweba semi wezomthetho, kodwa iziphathimandla hhayi wazama, ngisho nanamuhla, ezweni kukhona "izimakethe abamnyama" nokushushumbisa izimpahla.

Ngo-2009, ngomzamo afeze uguquko kwezezimali iye bazama ukuqinisa umnotho kuhlelwe, kodwa ngenxa yalokho izwe imba eqolo ezingeni emali, futhi ezinye impahla ebalulekile kwaqala ukuntuleka.

Ngesikhathi 2011, ibhalansi ukukhokhelwa we DPRK ekugcineni waqala ukubonisa sibalo nge uphawu lokuhlanganisa, nomthelela omuhle yengcebo Uhulumeni namanye amazwe. Ngakho onjani umnotho eNyakatho Korea namuhla?

umnotho kuhlelwe

Iqiniso lokuthi yonke imithombo at anawo uhulumeni, esibizwa ngokuthi i-umnotho umyalo. North Korea kwelinye lamazwe sezenhlalo, lapho konke kungokwenu isimo. Okungukuthi, uzibhekisa nezindaba zokukhiqiza, ukungeniswa nokukhishelwa emazweni angaphandle.

Umyalo umnotho North Korea is okuhloswe ngayo ukulawula inani imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa kanye namanani entengo. Uhulumeni wenza izinqumo, hhayi ngokusekelwe izidingo zangempela sabantu, futhi wabaqondisa ukuhlela izibalo ethulwa yezibalo. Kukhona neze babutha izimpahla, ngoba akunakwenzeka futhi uneconomical, okuyinto uhulumeni wathanda ukuba kukulahlekele. Kodwa kaningi kakhulu ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokushoda izimpahla ezibalulekile, mayelana nesigameko bachuma izimakethe emthethweni, futhi nabo, kanye nenkohlakalo.

ugcwele kanjani igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini?

North Korea uye ngisanda kuqala ukuvela crisis, ngaphasi kwelizinga lebuphuya kuyinto ¼ sabantu wazizwa Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu ukudla. Futhi uma siqhathanisa iminotho iNyakatho neNingizimu Korea, lapho kuphazanyiswa Japan ekukhiqizeni amarobhothi humanoid, owokuqala nakanjani emuva ekuthuthukisweni. Noma kunjalo, uhulumeni uye wathola indlela yokugcwalisa yengcebo:

• ukuthekelisa amaminerali, izikhali, izindwangu, imikhiqizo yezolimo, amalahle coking, imishini, izitshalo;
• umkhakha yokucwenga;
• esungulwe ubuhlobo ekuhwebelaneni China (90% inzuzo);
• yangasese ibhizinisi intela, ngokuba bonke igcwaliswe kuthengiselana usomabhizinisi okhokhela isimo 50% enzuzweni;
• ukudalwa ukuhweba esishintshashintshayo.

Kaesong - commercial futhi epaki zezimboni

Bekanye Republic of Korea yasungulwa okubizwa ngokuthi epaki zezimboni, lapho kukhona izinkampani 15. Kule ndawo has ezingaphezu kuka-50 eziyinkulungwane Korea, umholo wabo cishe 2 izikhathi ephakeme kunaleyo endaweni isimo bomdabu. Lesi siqiwu zezimboni kuzuzisa zombili: South Korea akhishelwe khona imikhiqizo siphelile, futhi iNorth has ithuba elihle ubuyise igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini zikahulumeni.

Dandong idolobha

Ngokufanayo, esungulwe elala China, kuphela kuleli cala uba eqinile ukuhweba akuyona indawo yezimboni, nomuzi Chinese Dandong, lapho aphethwe ukuhwebelana. Manje ugcwele North-Korean ukuhweba ummeleli. imikhiqizo Thengisani izinhlangano can nje kuphela kodwa futhi abameleli ngabanye.

Omkhulu funa kwasolwandle. Ngo Dandong kukhona okuthiwa izinhlanzi mafia: ukuthengisa kwasolwandle, kufanele ukhokhe okusezingeni eliphezulu izintela ngokwanele, kodwa ngisho ngakho-ke obuyisa inzuzo enhle. Yebo zikhona daredevils ngubani ukungenisa kwasolwandle ngokungemthetho, kodwa ngenxa unswinyo esiqinile them zuza ezincane njalo ngonyaka.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

North Korea luncike namanye amazwe, kuba Eqinisweni obungenakuphikwa. Kodwa emnothweni kukhona athile athakazelisayo, ezinye zazo ngeke zihlukaniswe kwezepolitiki.

Ngakho, kuleli zwe kukhona 16 emakamu okufukuzwa kuwo usethe ngesisekelo the Gulag. Zenza izindima ezimbili: isijeziso izigebengu nokunikeza zabasebenzi khulula. Njengoba izwe has a isimiso sokuthi "ekujezisweni izizukulwane ezintathu", eminye imikhaya uchithe konke ukuphila kwabo konke emakamu.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka nokwehla kwezomnotho kuleli zwe yaqhakaza ukukhwabanisa umshwalense, futhi ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele, okuyiwona uhulumeni useke wamangalela ngokuphindaphindiwe nemfuneko ukubuyisela izinkokhelo umshwalense.

It sahoxiswa ekupheleni 70s the ayitholwa isimo ukuhwebelana namanye amazwe. Kule ndaba, ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele ungashiya phansi, ubani, ukuze ubhalise inkampani ezikhethekile angaphandle ukuhweba.

Phakathi nenhlekelele, lwemali main iyona ukudla, ke kungenziwa umklomelo lutho.

Apreli 1, 1974 izintela, kodwa akazange ezimayelana osomabhizinisi oyimfihlo uyekwa.

Umnotho North Korea sika indawo emhlabeni wokuqala kungathatha ngezinga of nokusondelana nezwe elingaphandle.

umnotho wezwe namanje eziningi izikhala, izakhamuzi ozama uthuthe ngasiphi ithuba, futhi izinto namanje kwesokunxele amakhadi esikhundleni imali. Faka Insimu state cishe engenakwenzeka, futhi zonke izingxenye elibonakalayo izivakashi kungenziwa ngokuthi abalulekile, ezindaweni okuyisibonelo. Izwe kulahleka conjecture yini ngempela eyenzekayo North Korea, kodwa umnotho wezwe liyaphuma futhi mhlawumbe kweyishumi kamuva North Korea kuyoba ezingeni elifanayo ukuthuthukiswa komnotho nomakhelwane balo.