Okunguye yedwa State: izinhlobo. Isihloko monopolies isimo. isiqondiso State of monopolies yemvelo

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, osomnotho abakholelwa kwabhoboka ayitholwa intuthuko. Ngokusho kwabo, ngeke ukuphoqelela monopolist ukuba busha siphindze ngcono izinqubo zokukhiqiza.

asikwazi uyavumelana nale isikhundla, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuze ungeze ukuthi kukhona ezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza, okungakwazi ukuthi lalinye ngaphandle esinakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma othize imikhakha yezomnotho de-ulawula emakethe, lithembisa ukwanda elibukhali intengo izindleko amasevisi.

Indlela yokulawula esinakho?

Uma ungeke ukwenze ngaphandle esinakho, kukhona udaba elihambisana yezindlela amasu ukulawula imisebenzi ukuthi yenziwa emakethe ezinjalo. Phela, ngaphandle kwalo kungase kwandise ngokungadingekile amanani kanye nemikhiqizo izinga izoyenqaba.

Kulokhu, lo main ukulawula ithuluzi amabhizinisi ezifana uwuhulumeni isiqondiso esinakho. Ngosizo nomthetho ofanele uhulumeni ubeka izimo ezithile, kwenkululeko lapho le nkampani ngeke uhambe.

Uma sicabangela ayitholwa isimo, akusiwona ngakho elula. Kakade, ubani, uma kungekhona isimo, usebenzisa imithombo yayo ukukhiqiza izimpahla uyaca uya khona ngentengo encishisiwe? Mhlawumbe akukho endaweni eyodwa yebhizinisi ukwenza kanjalo bengayi, ngoba baye balahlekelwa umthombo wabo sokukhokhaela izindleko zokukhiqiza. I izindawo ezibalulekile emphakathini, ngaphandle wombuso aid ongakwazi ukuzenza.

Umqondo isimo ayitholwa

Ngakho, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlaziya lolu daba, okokuqala kudingeka baqonde umqondo uqobo. okunguye yedwa State - uhlobo umncintiswano abangaphelele, lapho ayitholwa yisimo uqobo.

Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa inombolo ngokwanele enkulu izici: ukuvikelwa zingxenye ezibuthakathaka labantu, ukuthola umthombo obengeziwe replenishment isabelomali, izinqubomgomo ukulawula kuleyo mikhakha ezithakazelisa kakhulu isimo.

Kwezinye izindawo kungase kube isimo esifanayo?

Ngokuyinhloko, okunguye yedwa isimo emazweni amaningi enwetshiwe kumasevisi alandelayo kanye nemikhiqizo:

- imikhiqizo ye ezikhiqizelwa;

- izidakamizwa;

- uphuzo oludakayo;

- kugwayi;

- ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla ezithile phesheya;

- amaminerali, njll

Ngamanye amazwi, lo ayitholwa isimo - uyithuluzi lapho uhulumeni angakwazi ukulawula osendaweni kubalulekile ukuba imikhakha yezomnotho.

Ngubani isihloko isimo esinakho?

Lenchazelo kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi inkampani noma inhlangano enikeza ukusebenza ilungelo emakethe esinakho.

Ngokuvamile isihloko monopolies yomphakathi - iyinkampani ngokuhlanganyela isitokwe, iningi-akahulumeni. Kodwa kungaba futhi inhlangano lapho isabelo state neze. Ngokuvamile, izinhlangano ezinjalo kufanele bathole izitifiketi, amalayisense kanye nezinye izimvume semisebenzi ziwela ngaphansi nomqondo ayitholwa ukuthi.

Uyini umehluko we ayitholwa yemvelo?

kwakhiwa ayitholwa wemvelo ngokwemvelo ukunciphisa izinga izindleko, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukunciphisa intengo emphahleni noma yemisebenzi ababeyenzile. Ngokucaca, ukucabanga: uma yenethiwekhi ngamunye, kwakusenhliziyweni yami ukwakhela siqu sesitimela yayo kanye ujantshi, wayeyoba eyamenza wambalekela afaka intengo ithikithi ngamunye lezi zindleko, okuyinto eyayiyoholela nokwanda okuphawulekayo izindleko zokuhamba.

Kumiswa ayitholwa Umbuso ngokwakha imithetho efanele kanye zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele, okuyinto uchaza emakethe ezinjalo, izindlela kanye nezindlela beqhuba imisebenzi kuso, futhi izindlela zokuvimbela.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emakethe izitshela ukuthi eyodwa kuphela ibhizinisi okuveza izimpahla okukhulunywa ngakho, monopolies yemvelo kanye nesimo umehluko is in the oda kumiswa, izindlela zokuvimbela futhi kungekho mithetho elandelwayo.

Kasibili zonke monopolists angaphansi ukunakwa yezinhlaka ezikhethiwe, okuyinto ukuhlola ukuziphatha kwabo emakethe, ukuba yiqiniso kwalesi izindleko kanye nekhwalithi nemisebenti kanye netimphahla.

isiqondiso State of monopolies zemvelo ungaphakathi izindima ezilandelayo:

1. Thola ukuthi labo izindawo umsebenzi lapho kukhona esinakho.

2. Hlola, ukuqhathanisa, ukuhlaziywa nokuvunywa amanani kwezimpahla, izinkonzo ezenziwa ayitholwa amabhizinisi.

3. Uma kwenzeka ngenxa yesidingo - ukushintsha ukusebenza kwe-imithetho, ukuhweba noma ushintsho ngenkani e amanani umkhiqizo.

Uyini umehluko we ayitholwa yemvelo?

Uma siqhathanisa ukulawulwa isimo monopolies wemvelo ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho ayitholwa iyona State ngokwayo, ngokuvamile inkinga ukutholakala kolwazi yebhizinisi nemisebenzi ye ibhizinisi.

Uma esimweni semvelo ayitholwa inhlangano kufanele ukunikeza ulwazi kanye umholo wabo, izindleko, Amaholo kanye nezinye notshwala zezimali, ithuba lokuthola lolo lwazi kusuka izinkampani cishe ayitholwa isimo.

Monopoly esibekwe umbuso ngemishini, kubhekwa avaliwe ngoba ngaphandle kuye, akekho kungathinta.

Yiziphi izinhlobo isimo esinakho?

Kungase kube semthethweni kanye elivumelekile, bese eyayenziwe kungadalwa imali ngokungemthetho, njengoba kufakazelwa amaqiniso eziningi kokushushiswa wangaphambili izikhulu zikahulumeni emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Emhlabeni wonke, kubhekwa walungisiswa esinakho ukusatshalaliswa kwemikhiqizo zokwelapha equkethe izinto kwezidakamizwa. Ngokwesibonelo, okunguye yedwa isimo eRussia phezu nokusakaza lezi izinto iyona kuphela indlela eqinisekile kuvikela umphakatsi nobungozi lezi zimali. Kwakuyokwenzekani uma ukufinyelela ezintweni ezinjalo kwadingeka zonke? Ubani wamalela noma ubani womshini kwezidakamizwa izidakamizwa izidakamizwa? Sikhishwe yokuthi ngisho noma kukhona emakethe avaliwe kuleli zwe, kukhona iziteshi amnyama kwezidingo kanye ukuhweba, okukhipha izidakamizwa emakethe esisemthethweni uzophelezelwa nguNgqongqoshe ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwenani yezidakamizwa.

It kuvela ukuthi eyayenziwe olugcwele inani labamba iqhaza kule makethe, Russia ukufinyelela ezingeni kuqhathaniswa eliphansi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezehlukene ukufeza izinhloso zokusebenzisa obungemthetho.

kwesandla sikaHulumeni kwezinye izimakethe - isimo ukuphepha isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke

Izibonelo ezinjalo kuyoba isimo ayitholwa namanye amazwe izingalo namanye amadivayisi injongo lempi. Izwe alinalutho okwanele izingxabano yingozi kokubili phakathi kwamazwe kanye ngaphakathi kubo.

Kulesi simo, kungase kube okungafaneleki ukuhweba umane khulula izingalo - ke kungalululaza izisekelo nokuvikeleka amazwe kazwelonke.

Kodwa akubona bonke isimo, ukudala esinakho okumsulwa, ziqondile ezinhle. Kunezibonelo eziningi izikhulu collusive edalwe a Cartel noma uphinde usebenzise lapho aphethwe namaqhinga ehlukahlukene yezezimali.

Niyayibona injani? Ngokwesibonelo, iqembu amasekela emelela izithakazelo amabhizinisi amakhulu, ungabhala futhi sidlule umthetho ukuthi kuzodala psevdomonopolny emakethe esivuna abashisekeli yabo. enza Ngakho isikhathi eside eduze amazwe Russian Federation.

Monopoly - yisikali ezidingekayo

Yiqiniso, ezimweni wokuncintisana ephelele, ukuthuthuka yokukhiqiza, inqubo ngcono, ikhwalithi okukhipha ukukhula ngenxa yokubiza engezansi ukukhiqizwa ishesha kakhulu kunezinye esinakho, ikakhulukazi isimo.

Kulokhu, lo ayitholwa isimo livame ukusetshenziswa njengoba ithuluzi ukwandisa ukwethembeka osopolitiki. Ngokwesibonelo, isicelo ukunciphisa akunasidingo emalini izimpahla noma amasevisi. Uma isakhiwo oqinile, uzokwazi ukuze uthumele izinyathelo ezinjalo isikhathi esithile.

Eqinisweni, ukuqonda okunjalo emakethe akulungile, ngoba kuholela amabhizinisi ukulahlekelwa wokwenza. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyoba idinga imijovo entsha kusukela isabelomali.

Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga izinkampani ukuthi usebenze uwoyela negesi wemboni. Lomkhakha semnotfo umondli eyinhloko WaseRussia. Amafutha, igesi - kuyinto nezisetshenziswa Russia onika emazweni angaphandle in inqwaba. I amavolumu zinkulu kangangokuba uma ukudiliva wayeka, ngabe ezisengozini ukuyeka amabhizinisi amaningi emhlabeni wonke asebenzisa uwoyela negesi njengoba impahla eluhlaza.

Konke sina lokhu umthombo engenayo kuvusa izwe nalokho kubalulekile ozothatha izintambo konke okwenzeka emakethe. A qapha ingenye amabhizinisi kahulumeni noma iqembu ukuthi usebenza uhlelo anokuhambisana, ilula kakhulu kunaleyo eziningi nezinhlangano kwezohwebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona izinkampani ezizimele sibaningi ngeke kuholele ngcono izinga umkhiqizo.

Kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi ayitholwa isimo eRussia kuyindlela ebalulekile ukuqapha isimo imikhakha ebalulekile emnothweni.