Umbhali French Anri Barbyus: Biography, nobuciko kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Omunye edume kakhulu abalobi isiFulentshi ekuqaleni XX leminyaka - Anri Barbyus. Kuhle amabhuku zamkhazimulisa njengenhlangano poster anti-impi, abaphikisi iPacific zobudlova noma ngayiphi indlela. Waba ngowokuqala enengqondo kunazo futhi okungokwemvelo echazwe ezethusayo kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

izinyathelo kuqala

Anri Barbyus wazalwa ngo-1873 edolobheni enyakatho-ntshonalanga Paris, idolobha elincane Asnieres-sur-Seine, emva kwempi, okuyinto kwaduma kakhulu abokufika Russian.

Wazalwa emndenini French international kanye nesiNgisi. Uyise wayengumprofethi futhi engumlobi, akumangalisi ukuthi indodana yakhe wangena ngempumelelo iziqu Faculty of nezincwadi zokufunda eSorbonne. Barbyusa izinyathelo kuqala izincwadi kwakuyindlu iqoqo izinkondlo, "nababangalasayo", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1895. Njengoba nje eminyakeni embalwa kamuva ebhaliwe Science "isihogo" nangokuthi "yamncenga" umkhiqizo wafaka komuntu ongenathemba. Kulesi ethandwa kakhulu abazange zisebenzisa.

phambili,

Ngo-1914, Anri Barbyusa ukuphila isishintshile kakhulu. Waze wavolontiya ukuya phambi ukuba alwe eJalimane. Ngo-1915, walinyazwa futhi esiqiwini ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Ukuze iqhaza ezingxabanweni waklonyeliswa Military Cross, kodwa into esemqoka waletha kusukela ngaphambili - kungcono imizwa siqu kanye nakho ukuthi wakha sisekelo "umlilo" zakhe quadrupeds ncwadi kakhulu.

Inhloso yalo msebenzi uvele on the front, phakathi izimpi. Mayelana naye Barbusse uthi ezincwadini zakhe ukuze umkakhe. Jikela imibono ku umkhuba waqala esibhedlela ekupheleni 1915. Le ncwadi ngokushesha kakhulu eseqedile ngo-August 16 sekuqalile ukuba yashicilelwa "Ukudala." Uhlelo ehlukile umsebenzi ishicilelwe phakathi no-December ngomnyaka ofanayo endlini ukushicilela "Flammarion". It Futhi wanikelwa umklomelo we-Prix Goncourt Henri Barbusse - ohlonishwa kakhulu French umklomelo etemibhalo.

"Umlilo" - main Roman Barbyusa

Esahlukweni sokuqala komkhiqizo inoveli liqhathaniswa 'Divine Comedy "ngu Dante, onikeza incwadi uhlamvu senkondlo. Heroes "Umlilo," njengokungathi udwendwe olusuka ezulwini kulo mbuthano lokugcina Hogo. Kulokhu, amanothi zenkolo zinyamalale, futhi empini lingabacindezeli livela kubi kunokwakuqala ezisunguliwe kumnandi kakhulu yimuphi umlobi. Incwadi ethi "Kugcine weqiniso yayo nabangenasihawu", ngoba kule noveli Barbusse esanduleleni senguqulo yokuqala Russian of Maxim Gorky wabhala.

Imibono Yesikhathi ukuqonda izinhlamvu kakade avele "Vision" esahlukweni sokuqala kakhulu. Likhuluma indaba i "ipharadesi" yasemhlabeni ngo ezintabeni Swiss. Akukho mpi, futhi, abameleli ezizweni ezihlukahlukene laba bafikile abantu ababehlala lapho ukuqonda lusizo futhi horror zempi.

Esiphethweni esifanayo beze kanye nemlingisi lomcoka noveli - amasosha. Esahlukweni sokugcina, "Dawn" ziphaphame kubo. Biography Barbyusa Anri kuyinto eduze okuhlobene izenzakalo ezichazwe kule noveli. esigijimini sakhe esiyinhloko - ukufika ongenakugwenywa uquqaba ukuba imibono izinguquko. I kulethe lokhu iqhaza cishe wonke amazwe aseYurophu empini lingabacindezeli.

Le noveli kulotshiwe ngesimo "Diary of a Leli qembu." Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo kumbhali ukwenza indaba njengoba namaqiniso ngangokunokwenzeka, kulandela izinhlamvu, umfundi ke umlilo ku-front line, asemaqaqasini, zingene shí empini, lapho Leli qembu uyaqhubeka kuhlaselwa.

Barbus kanye Okthoba Revolution

Okthoba Revolution eRussia Anri Barbyus wathatha njengoba umcimbi ukhiye emlandweni wonke, likwesekele ke. Ngokubona kwakhe, kuba ezongenza zonke izizwe zaseYurophu ebugqilini ijoka capitalism.

Ngezindlela eziningi, lezi imibono zazibonakala inoveli "Clarity" ngo-1919. Eshukunyiswe inguquko sezenhlalo eRussia, ilungu French Communist Party iba Anri Barbyus. Izilinganiso yomlobi, enikelwe izenzakalo leyo minyaka, bathi "izwe - kungcono ukuthula kwengqondo, okuvela zabasebenzi." Ngakho, umlobi babekholelwa ngempela ukuthi sisebenza kanzima ukuze kuzuze umphakathi, abantu bangakwazi akayitholi injabulo kunoma yiliphi izwe.

Njengoba Anri Barbyus ngiziphatha kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe asebenzayo. Ikakhulukazi, ngo-1924, kuthiwa ukhulume kabi abaholi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu Tatarbunar kuvukela eRomania. Khona-ke waqala abaqaphele ongumlimi kuvukela eNingizimu Bassarabii emelene nohulumeni, kusekelwa KwamaBolshevik Party.

ukugxekwa capitalism

Amabhuku nge Barbyusa Anri, uhlu ahlobene noveli "Ukukhanya kwalasha", "Manifesto we nezihlakaniphi", eyanyatheliswa ngo-France e-20s, elalinikezelwe ukugxeka capitalism. Umlobi futhi akazange aqaphele impucuko wobunxiwankulu, bephikelela kuphela yokuthi ngokuhamba ukwakhiwa sezenhlalo kuleli zwe kungenzeka ukwakha umphakathi futhi unobulungisa. Ngokwesibonelo Barbusse wathatha izinto ezenzeka ngenkathi eSoviet Union, ikakhulu izinyathelo okumele zithathwe Iosifom Stalinym. Ngo-1930 waze washiya indaba yakhe "Russian", futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, ngemva kokufa kwakhe, umsebenzi "UStalin wathambisa isandla." Kulezi imisebenzi, nje la imibono abangu ezinemininingwane. Nokho, encwadini zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni lenkaba ngokushesha base uvinjelwe, njengoba abalingiswa abaningi zibizwa kubo ngaleso sikhathi zase becindezela.

"UStalin wathambisa isandla - eLenin namhlanje" - i aphorism lalotshwa Barbusse.

Barbus eU.SSR

ISoviet Union Barbusse wavakashela izikhathi 4, okokuqala ngo-1927. Septhemba 20 okuqhubekayo kumbhali French eyenziwe Ehholo Amakholomu e Moscow, nge umbiko "White Ukwesaba, ingozi yempi." Ngawo lowo nyaka wenza lonke uhambo nekwakha umbuso sezenhlalo, wavakashela laseKharkov, Tbilisi, Batumi, Rostov-on-Don futhi Baku.

Ngo-1932, Barbusse ukuza eSoviet Union kakade njengenye abahleli ngamazwe anti-impi Congress, owawungo-August e-Amsterdam. Kuwo, wethule inkulumo yakhe edumile ethi "ngizakukulaya".

Uhambo lwakhe elilandelayo kwaqondana ukhetho lelunga zokuhlonipha wase-USSR Academy of Sciences. Ngemva kwalokho-ke wayezelwe futhi ungakaqali umsebenzi incwadi mayelana uStalin. Ngo-July 1935, Barbusse zokugcina wavakashela eMoscow, ngenkuthalo wasebenza phezu ncwadi, watadisha amadokhumenti, ukuhlangana nabangani bangane Lenin. Nokho, ukuqedela umsebenzi futhi kuhlulekile.

kungazelelwe Barbus waphathwa ephathwa inyumoniya futhi eshona eMoscow ngo-August 30, 1935. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-3, emva kwesikhathi kwatholakala isidumbu eyenziwa eFrance ngaleso Belarus sesitimela eThembalihle, umhlangano yokuvalelisa.

Umlobi wangcwatshwa abadumile Pere Lachaise emathuneni Paris sika-7 September. Farewell Barbousse yaphenduka ukuboniswa zombusazwe United Popular Front.