Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich: Biography nemisebenzi

Ibizwa ngokuthi "uphuthelwe buchopho." Futhi "umuntu odume emibuthanweni emincane." Bambalwa abafundi banamuhla bazi ukuthi igama - Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. Okwamanje, azenzile eziningi emikhakheni efana izincwadi, idrama, umlando, ifilosofi kanye imfundiso yokuziphendukela yaseshashalazini.

Umkhaya kanye ekuqaleni iminyaka

Wazalelwa esizayo isisebenzi kwamasiko eduze Kiev Februwari 11, 1887. Ubuzwe wayevela khona ePoland, izinkolelo zenkolo - lamaKatolika. Uyise - Dominik Aleksandrovich, empi; kokuba esethathe umhlalaphansi, kanye nomkhaya wakhe bephuma Poland sahlala eduze emadolobheni umama Russian. Indlu ngemali mazilidle, lithathe umhlalaphansi angawodwa.

Dominik Aleksandrovich wamabhuku ezimali, nomkakhe Fabiana Stanislavovna azinikele izingane. Ngokuzimisela wathumba umculo nokudlala upiyano kahle, yena wabanikela imfundo enhle kwezamasiko. Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund wayengomncane kunabo bonke abantwana, bakhona odadewabo ezine amadala.

Lo mfana ehamba ekhulekelwa unina, wamphatha benomusa futhi wazama ifa imali yakhe. Lapho esemusha ngisho Waphupha yokuba ecula i-opera futhi ukuthatha izifundo ukucula. Kodwa ngemuva kokuphela inombolo esikoleni Kiev 4 wangena University njengoba ummeli. Abafunda maqembu wakhe endaweni Kiev ezinomsindo, agqamile eziminyene. Le nsizwa isondela kuleli indaba yemfundo sina - ngaphezu ulwazi umthetho, futhi wathola ulwazi umlando kolimi, izimfundiso zobu efanele.

Nakuba usengumfundi, Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund waqala ukubhala izinkondlo. egoqweni naleso sikhathi eyakhe ukuhamba amanothi ukuthi yenza uzihambela Europe.

umsebenzi Early

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu zaseyunivesithi ngo-1913, ummeli abasha uzama ukusebenza okukhethekile ingenela inkonzo ye umsizi abameli. Kodwa kwadlula isikhathi eside kule ndawo eningawugcinanga. Kakade emva kweminyaka emihlanu, uwisa umthetho futhi ngeke ubuyiselwe ke kunanini ngaphambili. Mhlawumbe isizathu salokhu inguquko ukuthi kuholele isiphithiphithi zadvinuvshaya umthetho ku ekhoneni kude. Noma mhlawumbe, nje zikhanga Krzhizhanovskogo isiko ...

Esigabeni esilandelayo umsebenzi wakhe kwaba umsebenzi womfundisi. Ima phambi abafundi somculo, Theatre Institute kanye nezinye izikhungo zemfundo Kiev, ebatshela mayelana Psychology lokusungula, umculo, izincwadi, umlando, yaseshashalazini ubuciko, nokunye. D. Uthisha abanamakhono izinkulumo athandwa kakhulu entsheni.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund uzama bona yena njengoba umlobi. Ezinye izinto zakhe: le nkondlo "Brigantine", indaba "Jacobi futhi kusolwa" - ngisho yanyatheliswa ngo omagazini.

Moscow

intsha Krzhizhanovskogo sonakala by uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ezibuhlungu. Omunye ngemva komunye, abazali bakhe wafa ke udadewabo othandekayo Elena, bese umalume, nabo Sigismund yayingeve inobungane. Futhi konke lokhu kwabanye eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu.

Efuna ushintsho kwenkundla, Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich, Biography okuyinto ngokuvamile wayegcwele travel, ihamba ngonyaka th 22 eMoscow. Lapha uthola in the Chamber Theatre, ofundisa e-studio wakhe. Empeleni leli hholo efanayo kwakuwukuphela kwendawo lapho Krzhizhanovsky akwazi ukubona play sakhe esiteji. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "The Man Who Ingabe ngoLwesine". Piece ebhaliwe umkhiqizo based eyaziwa Gilbert Chesterton. Okunye imisebenzi wemidlalo endaweni yesehlakalo, maye, ungazange ngasinda.

Lodumo nobunzima

Enhloko-dolobha yeSoviet Union iqhawe kwalesi sihloko ngangenela amaqembu. Walifunda izindaba zakhe short, tindzaba kanye nezinye imisebenzi futhi laba yintandokazi ngokushesha owaziwa kumibuthano eMoscow yaseshashalazini abalobi.

Kodwa ukuthandwa Krzhizhanovskogo ingcebo akuzange kumlethele. Wayesebenza eziningi, nazi ukuthi zona lezo samanzi singenalo ageleze ngaphansi itshe. Isikhathi nesenzakalo severe, uqede nep. Njalo manje bese sangqongqoza, "kusho uDkt Schrott" (njengoba umbhali nabangane bakhe ngokuthi indlala). ewuthi lokuvungula kakhulu futhi wabheka eliphaphathekile ngesikhathi Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. Photo 20s ngasekupheleni ubufakazi obucacile ubumpofu ayephila kuso umbhali. Kodwa akazange adikibale bazama ukuwenza isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuthi yena wasithanda kakhulu - lokubhala.

Imizamo cishe njalo kwenzakala engenamsebenzi - ephrintiwe ephethwe ezingavamile kakhulu, nesinkwa kwadingeka ukuba uthole ngenye indlela. Krzyzanowski wasebenza umhleli endlini ukushicilela, ukulungiselela izikripthi ukuze zenze izikhangiso, ngisho ama-movie egcwele, wabhala Libretto ngokuba opera ...

"Pushkin" futhi "Shakespeare" inkathi

Enye "podrabotok" Sigismund Dominikovich kwakuyisiqalo isikhathi emsebenzini wakhe. Sikhuluma inguqulo esiteji of the opera "Eugene Onegin" by Prokofiev.

Ukuthinta Pushkin, umbhali isikhathi eside wahluleka ukuphula ususe kuwo. Wabhala izihloko theory ngomsebenzi imbongi omkhulu Russian (isib, "Ubuciko we epigraph (Pushkin)"), babesebenza 'Dictionary of epigraphs "nokunye. D.

Futhi enkabazwe 30 kwaba kufika ithuba lika-Shakespeare. Zilungiselele khona umqulu wokuqala we imisebenzi eqoqwe of esethulweni zakudala Krzhizhanovskogo waphefumulelwa ukuba abhale ezihlokweni eziningi enikelwe nombhali ukungafi "Hamlet."

By endleleni, njengoba kuqhathaniswa izincwadi, journalism Sigismund Dominikovich ngezinye izikhathi ezinyathelisiwe. Ikakhulukazi ezincwadini ezinjengethi "Art namaSoviet" "Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi umgxeki" futhi t. D.

"Uphuthelwe ubuhlakani"

Kakhulu "kwande" inkathi lokusungula Krzhizhanovskogo - 20-30s. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi share sengonyama imisebenzi ebhaliwe. Lokhu amanoveli ezinhlanu, izincwadi eziyisithupha short tetindzaba, tindzaba, amanoveli, imidlalo, isebenza umlando imfundiso yokuziphendukela yemidlalo, nokunye. D. kuphela ezimbalwa yashicilelwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Abakwazi ngokoqobo kwalindelwa iminwe yesandla esisodwa. Njengoba for inkolelo yokuthi umsebenzi yanyatheliswa kuphela "Poetics zezihloko." Yena ngavela iphamfulethi ehlukile. Indaba "Return of Baron Munchausen" isilungele ukuphrinta, kodwa ngokushesha umbhali etholakele umshicileli wenqaba.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund, ogama amabhuku akafikanga readership ezibanzi, iye ngikuphoqe ukubhalela etafuleni. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• "Ukugogobala" Izwe "(1924).
• "Iqoqo Seconds" (1925).
• "Club ababulali izinhlamvu" (1926).
• "Izinkumbulo Ikusasa" (1929).
• "Neukushenny indololwane" (1940).

Kodwa thina lapha asikhulumi ngama-ezinye scribblers! abagxeki banamuhla nezincwadi ngokuthi ungungqondongqondo lalobhalako, eluqhathanisa zabuna yaleyo minyaka - Camus, KAFKA, Borges ... Wabhala ezingeni kwezincwadi European we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Imisebenzi yakhe abacebile kungabhekisela, metatext, incazelo bokubeka imibono zefilosofi okukhulu, njll Ngokusho uhlobo iningi labo akunakubangelwa temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba nabanengqondo, futhi ozithandayo uhlobo Krzhizhanovskogo - .. A mfanekiso.

Umangele kungani abamemezeli indiva amakhosi izincwadi namuhla oyikholelwayo wokuthi wayemane nje bangaleso sikhathi futhi kwaba engaqondakali isimiso samaSoviet. Futhi lokho akaphenduli e nensika yalo, kabanga wamukelekile. Sigismund Dominikovich angithi kulotshiwe ukwesekwa woMkhandlu, kodwa isitha yabo yayingaxhomekile. Wayengumuntu, kunjengokungathi ngaphandle ohlelweni ngenhla ke. Futhi kuvikelwe la mavangeli.

Ngo-1939 Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund waba ilungu Writers 'Union, kodwa leli qiniso akunjalo nomthelela ibhizinisi ukushicilela.

ukwenza izinto zokuchitha isizungu Krzhizhanovskogo

Ngaphezu passion yabo sezincwadi kanye yaseshashalazini, kwaba Sigismund Dominikovich omunye, kodwa uthando oshisekayo. Wayethanda ukuhamba. Ngisho kule minyaka mafutha, wakwazi ukuphunyuka endaweni ethile okungenani ngesonto. Trip wamphatha futhi liphefumulelwe.

Uma uya ukuvakashela ezweni elisha, Krzyzanowski uzifunde ngokucophelela nomlando wayo, kwendawo, isiko, bese ukuqhathanisa imfundiso yokuziphendukela nge ayekubona ngamehlo ayo. I travel njalo opopayi, wabuyela ekhaya umuntu omusha.

Phakathi uhambo ehlangana amadoda amaningi ezithakazelisayo ngisho omkhulu, phakathi lapho, isibonelo, Maximilian Voloshin futhi Aleksandr Ukusineka, wamukele ngenjabulo yembhali YaseCrimea zabo ezibonakalayo ehlobo.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich: singakunaki ukuphila komuntu umbhali

Sisahlala Kiev futhi benokuthile abafundi, Sigismund abasebasha bahlangana nowesifazane owayenguyise engumngane zokuphila kwakhe. Igama lakhe kwakungu-Anna Gavrilovna Bovshek. Wayengumngane umdlali waseshashalazini, watadisha nge Stanislavsky. Ngokushesha ngemva ukwazana kwesibhamu waya eMoscow, futhi Krzyzanowski, njengoba sazi, futhi, ekugcineni wathuthela enhloko-dolobha yase-USSR. Kube baqhubeka ubungane babo kancane kancane sashintsha saba nobuhlobo obuseduze kakhulu.

Nokho, Sigismund no-Anna wahlala ngaphandle kuze kube sekugcineni izinsuku umbhali. Ngakho, sizama ukugcina romance futhi balazisa uthando lwabo kusukela ekuchitheni zokuphila.

Sekela nomunye kukho konke, babengabokuqala ingxoxo mnene, sasihamba sobabili ... Ubuhlobo babo kwaba imfudumalo, maqondana nobungane.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Kusukela ngonyaka ka-1940 Krzyzanowski licishe azange abhale zobuciko. Nakuba sisasebenza eziningi. Phakathi nempi, eMoscow akuwenzanga, bekholelwa ukuthi umbhali kufanele uhlale lapho isihloko. Lokhu kuhlehlela emuva inkathi Tindzaba eziningi kwi bofeleba netinhlavu impi.

Basuke, njengasekuqaleni, ungazange sikhishwe. Ngoba impilo Sigismund Dominikovich wathola izinguqulo.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe yayigcwele abanezifo ezimbi kakhulu. Ngo Umlando wakhe, u-Anna Bovshek ubhala nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nesifo sokuntuleka kwegazi. ukugula kwaba umphumela ukulimala ingxenye yobuchopho obhekene inkumbulo. Futhi Krzyzanowski ukhohlwe zamagama. Wakwazi ukubhala nokufunda - cha. Futhi kwaba yinto embi kakhulu ngempela uma umuntu akakwazi ukukucabanga ngokwami ngaphandle izincwadi.

Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe ophasiswe ubumpofu nobuhlungu. Ukuba ngempela olungenakuzisiza, Sigismund Dominikovich wathutha umkakhe efulethini lakhe elincane. Washona ngo-December 28, 1950.

ifa

Ngo Krzyzanowski cha fanele ntwana. Angazi ushiye ke ngemuva, futhi ethuneni, noma kunalokho, ukuthi likuphi wakhe akwaziwa. Kodwa ifa zokudala of genius ngasinda ... Futhi zonke ngenxa yemizamo yowesifazane ngothando, ngubani baqoqa ngokucophelela amapheshana, abhalwe wesandla bomdabu.

Kuyinto okuyingozi kakhulu ezikhathini yokucindezelwa, ukugcina lo mbhalo wesandla ekhaya. Kodwa akekho kubo owalimala.

Njengoba umbhali yena, umkakhe awazange alinde ukushicilelwa imisebenzi. Kuphela in the Eighties sekwephuzile abafundi bahlangana umbhali ngegama Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. imisebenzi eqoqwe kahle Imiqulu yakhe eziyisithupha ngesiRashiya yanyatheliswa kusukela 2001 kuya 2012. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa cishe nakho konke okuye eyalotshwa umlobi: imisebenzi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba amadlingozi, futhi imfundiso, ngisho ezinye zezincwadi.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich, amaqiniso athakazelisayo zazo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, wayeyindoda engavamile. Abantu ayephila nabo awawazisanga, futhi manje yokudala "ngqondongqondo miss" ayikwazi ngokuthi mass. Kodwa labo emthanda ngempela izincwadi kanye yaseshashalazini, kuba isiqiniseko azokuthanda.