Ozone - esiluhlaza igesi. Izakhiwo nokusebenzisa igesi. Ozone emkhathini

Ozone - igesi. Ngokungafani nabanye abaningi, akayena esobala, futhi uba nombala ehlukile ngisho nephunga. Kuyinto ekhona emkhathini wethu futhi ingenye yezingxenye zalo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Iyini inhlanganiso we-ozone, isisindo salo kanye nezinye izakhiwo? Iyini indima yayo ngokuphila kule planethi?

blue igesi

I-chemistry we-ozone akuyona isihlalo ishadi lesikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akuyona into. Ozone - ke ukuguqulwa allotropic noma ukwehluka oxygen. Njengoba e-D2, i-molecule ayo siqukethe kuphela umoya-mpilo kodwa asipheli ka ezimbili, kodwa ezintathu. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi ifomula amakhemikhali O3.

Ozone igesi siluhlaza. It has a nephunga kahle lubonakale okubabayo, okusikhumbuza chlorine, uma emakamu liphezulu kakhulu. Usakhumbula iphunga freshness emvuleni? Lona-ozone. Ngenxa yalesi impahla, futhi lethiwa, ngoba igama lesiGreki ulimi "Ozone" lasendulo - a "nephunga".

Negesi-molecule ama-athomu polar therein axhunyiwe i-engela 116,78 °. Ozone ikhiqizwa lapho i-molecule ye-O2 kuxhunywe-mpilo khulula. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukusabela okuhlukahlukene, ezifana namachibi phosphorus, khulula kagesi noma yokubola peroxides lapho Atoms zihlangana nomoya-mpilo isusiwe.

izakhiwo we-ozone

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, kukhona i-ozone e gas kokuba isisindo yamangqamuzana-48 g / Mol. He is diamagnetic, ukuthi akakwazi ukuba ukhangwe uzibuthe, njengoba nje isiliva, igolide noma i-nitrogen. i-ozone konga 2,1445 g / dm³.

In the state okuqinile-ozone lube blue-black le, uketshezi - umbala indigo eduze onsomi. Abilayo iphuzu kulokhu 111,8 degrees Celsius. At lokushisa zero degrees kuba oncibilikayo emanzini (okumsulwa kuphela) izikhathi eziyishumi-mpilo kangcono. Kuyinto kahle exutshwe le ketshezi i-methane, i-nitrogen, fluorine, argon, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kanye nomoya-mpilo.

Ngaphansi isenzo yenombolo catalysts is oxidized kalula, kuyilapho egcizelela mpilo ama-athomu. Ukuxhuma nge kuye, masinyane luvutha. Ingqikithi uyakwazi oxidizing cishe zonke izinsimbi. Abanaso letihambisana wesenzo kuphela platinum kanye igolide. Ubhubhisa kwakwakhe ahlukahlukene organic futhi elimnandi. Ngemva contact i-ammonia yakha nitrite ammonium, ibulala carbon izibopho kabili.

Ukuba khona emkhathini e lokuhlala eliphezulu, i-ozone ubola angesabi. Lokhu kukhipha nokushisa-molecule kwakhiwa O2. Ayanda okuhlushwa, kulapho ukushisa ukuphendula. Lapho okuqukethwe we-ozone mkhulu kuka-10% kuhambisana ukuqhuma. Ngokwandisa izinga lokushisa kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi noma phezu contact nge izinto ngendlela engokwemvelo noqhekeko okusheshayo O3.

Umlando yokutholakala

Ngo-chemistry, i-ozone ayikaziwa kuya kweleshumi XVIII. Ngithola ukuthi e 1785 ngenxa iphunga, lapho physics Van Marum abakuzwa ekusebenzeni ngomshini electrostatic. Ngisho nangemva kokuba igesi iminyaka engu-50 akazange avele ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi ucwaningo.

Usosayensi Kristian Shonbeyn ngo-1840 wafunda i-namachibi phosphorus emhlophe. Phakathi ucwaningo, wakwazi ukukhomba nemiyo ezingaziwa, alibiza ngokuthi "i-ozone." Chemist eduze waziphatha ekutadisheni impahla yayo, futhi indlela yokukhiqiza igesi eyayisanda kutholakala.

Ngokushesha lokucwaninga impahla kanye bahlanganyela nabanye ososayensi. I-physics esidumile Nikola Tesla esakhele wokuqala emlandweni generator lwe-ozone. Industrial ukusetshenziswa O3 waqala ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka, ne kusungulwa ukufaka lokuqala usinika amanzi okuphuza ekhaya. Ingqikithi esetshenziselwa magciwane.

Ozone emkhathini

Umhlaba Wethu lizungezwe igobolondo ingabonakali emoyeni - emkhathini. Ngaphandle-ke ukuphila emhlabeni bekungeke kube khona. izingxenye Ngaphandle: oksijini, i-ozone, nitrogen, hydrogen, i-methane nezinye amagesi.

Ozone ngokwalo alikho futhi kukhona kuphela ngenxa zamakhemikhali. Vala ubuso bomhlaba kwakheka it is ngenxa umbani kagesi ngesikhathi kunesiphepho umbani. indlela ezingezona ezemvelo kubonakala ngenxa amagesi ezimotweni zabantu, izimboni, uphethiloli evala, ekhona izitshalo amandla ezishisayo.

Ground-level-ozone ngokuthi tropospheric noma ezingeni eliphansi. Kukhona esemkhathini. It is okubangelwa emisebeni ultraviolet ukusuka elangeni. Kumiswa It is at ibanga 19-20 amakhilomitha ngenhla surface iplanethi futhi kudlulela ukuphakama 25-30 amakhilomitha.

I esemkhathini ungqimba lwe-ozone O3 yakha iplanethi, esivikela ke kusukela strong emisebeni yelanga. It ubamba cishe ngo-98% yelanga kokuba nombono ukwanele okuvela umdlavuza kanye ukusha ka.

Isicelo efana

Ozone - kuba oxidant kakhulu futhi ngumbhubhisi. Le mpahla yasetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amanzi okuphuza. nomphumela olimazayo izidakamizwa eziyingozi amagciwane womuntu futhi amagciwane, futhi lapho namachibi ngokwayo ibe umoya-mpilo-computer engenangozi.

Uyakwazi ukubulala ngisho amelana chlorine eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa nihlanze amanzi angcolile ephuma uwoyela imvelo eziyingozi, sulfides, phenols, njll imikhuba ezinjalo zijwayelekile ikakhulukazi e-US kanye kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Ozone isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha for magciwane zomculo embonini ngosizo iphepha bleached, uwoyela kucace kukhona izinto ezahlukene. Ukusetshenziswa O3 ekuhlanzeni umoya, amanzi kanye isikhala ngokuthi ozonation.

Ozone kanye nabantu

Naphezu kwakho konke izakhiwo zalo nenzuzo, i-ozone kungaba yingozi kubantu. Uma igesi emoyeni kuyoba ngaphezu kwabantu kungenteka uhlushwe, ubuthi akunakugwenywa. Ngo-Russian izinga layo avumelekile 0.1 g / l.

Ngenhla ukuthi imithetho avele izimpawu ejwayelekile ubuthi zemvelo namakhemikhali, njengomoya ikhanda, ukucasuka, isiyezi. Ozone kunciphisa ayihambi ngokusebenzisa ukumelana umgudu ekungenweni futhi kwehlisa umfutho wegazi. Lapho emakamu igesi ngenhla 9.8 mg / l kungenzeka edema yamaphaphu ngisho nokufa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo bayaqaphela ukuthi i-ozone emoyeni sasivumela kalula. Iphunga "freshness", chloro noma "umdlavuza" (njengoba kushiwo Mendeleev) kanye nokuqukethwe ngokucacile eliphansi izinto.