Aristophanes, "I Amaxoxo": isifinyezo amahlaya, ukuhlaziywa kanye nokubuyekeza

Aristophanes - wemidlalo edume kunazo lasendulo ngesiGreki, bembiza esasiwafanele 'uyise ahlekisayo. " Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa omunye udlala yakhe edume kunazo zonke - "Amaxoxo". Cabanga yayo isifinyezo emfushane ukuhlaziywa futhi yethule Izibuyekezo ukufunda.

prehistory

Ingabe yinto umlando ahlekisayo lwesiGreki sakuqala, Aristophanes wabhala. "Amaxoxo" (isifinyezo Uyoletha ngezansi), ngakho kufanele ufunde emva incazelo emfushane.

E-Athene, wahlala ezintathu laziwe kubo bonke yaseGrisi abalobi izigemegeme: ngingowokuqala sazo sasingamashumi Aeschylus, naphakathi - futhi OSophocles abasebasha - Euripides. Ngakho Aeschylus kubhekwe ngokubabazekayo nesinamandla, OSophocles - obunobunye futhi kusobala, futhi Euripides - nakuba futhi ukhandlekile. Ngesikhathi sokuloba ahlekisayo zonke bemidlalo base beshonile, futhi impikiswano iyaqhubeka phakathi abantu besikhathi ngokuthi ubani owayemkhulu ngokuhle kunakho konke kwawo. Wayesho ukuthini ngale ndaba wanquma baveze Aristophanes ( "frog") in the play. Isifinyezo, okuyinto ingatholakala ngezansi, uyokwenza kucace ukuthi ubani, ngokubona amahlaya, okungcono.

Okwakushiwo igama

Kuphi lelo gama babezizwe play anikezelwe bemidlalo? Iqiniso lokuthi luzwakale nakakhulu amahlaya, Aristophanes wayezelwe, yayizodlalwa abagqoké izevatho amaxoxo kanye zonke izingoma zabo zazenziwe croaking imigqa.

Kodwa lezi amaxoxo akuzona ngakho elula, lapho betholakala khona efile emfuleni Styx, ngawo sihamba imiphefumulo efile isikebhe sakhe Charon.

Aristophanes, "I Amaxoxo": isifinyezo. uthayi

E-Athene, unkulunkulu nomvikeli ethiyetha kwaba Dionysus. Futhi uthi idolobha asihlali thespians ezinhle. Ukukhathalela ngekusasa yemidlalo, wenza isiqunto sokuya eHayidese alanda Euripides.

Dionysus akazi ukuthi ukuze uthole eHayidese, ngakho sifune iseluleko Hercules, owayesevele khona. Uthi niyaliwela Charon, ukuthi nje wonke umthwalo kwakuyodingeka ukushiya ebhishi. Kodwa Dionysus awukwazi ukuphonsa izinto zabo. Khona-ke uNkulunkulu uqobo ehlala phansi esikebheni futhi uyiswa kolunye uhlangothi esigabeni, nenceku yakhe ngezinto egijima emaphethelweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi betholakala.

Gateway eHayidese

Ngokuyisisekelo has a basezinganekwaneni isisekelo ahlekisayo enamandla Amaxoxo Aristophanes ' "(isifinyezo kuwubufakazi).

Lapha Dionysus kunesigodlo soMbusi eHayidese, okungekhona Aeacus ihlala. Esikhathini izinganekwane esevele umahluleli eHayidese, futhi play okubonisa isigqila-umlindisango. Dionysus is kokungqongqoza esangweni. EAA ucela abafika. Nkulunkulu, donning isikhumba lengonyama, uthi Hercules. Umlindisango okusongelayo donsa yena izilo, ngoba iqhawe wathatha Cerberus yakhe.

Dionysos ukwesaba ibonakale sengathi owesifazane, futhi unikeza isikhumba isigqila. Kodwa-ke kukhona maid seNdlovukazi eHayidesi Hercules egameni uNkk amakota. Dionysus nenceku yakhe agqoke up ngokushesha futhi.

Aeacus ubuyela esitokisini. Ubheka izivakashi futhi awukwazi ukuthola ngubani inceku ongumnikazi. Yena enquma ngolaka bashaywe kokubili - owokuqala wakhala, uyisigqila. Kodwa ibhizinisi akazange aphume. Khona-ke Aeacus anquma ukuthatha izivakashi ezingalindelekile ukuba eHayidese, unkulunkulu wezwe lemimoya lungisa ngubani ongubani.

izimbongi umncintiswano

Okufingqiwe ( "frog") bese kuthatha ukubukeka engavamile kumfundi wanamuhla, ngoba isenzo play uphazamiseka isetshenziswe abaculi nabadansi, okuyinto ngesimo ingoma ekhuluma ezindabeni zamanje. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa itulo kwenzekani.

It kuvela ukuthi kukhona umncintiswano phakathi izimbongi e eHayidese. Kuze kube muva nje, okungcono kwaba Aeschylus, kodwa manje isihloko sakhe izingxabano Euripides. IHayidesi uyoqoka umahluleli Dionysus mncintiswano. Iqala komdlalo.

Eyokuqala izenzo Euripides, Aeschylus, yena usola yokuthi kudlala yakhe banesicefe, amazwi engaqondakali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Euripides yonke into ilula futhi lucacile, njengoba ekuphileni. Aeschylus abaphikisi wenqaba wathi kumelwe ukuba injongo imbongi ukufundisa abantu iqiniso nobuhle, futhi lezi amaqhawe Euripides ezonakele ngonya, ukuze bakwazi ukufundisa izilaleli ezinhle? Kepha amazwi, imicabango okusezingeni eliphezulu nolimi okusezingeni eliphezulu efanelekayo.

izinkondlo ukufundwa

Lwati loluhle izinganekwane ukuqonda umkhiqizo wabhala Aristophanes ( "frog"). Isifinyezo, isethulo noma ukuhlaziywa ngakho ungakwenzi ngaphandle uhambo encane ku izinganekwane isiGreki sasendulo.

Ucala ingxenye elandelayo yalo mncintiswano - izimbongi ukufunda izinkondlo zabo. Eyokuqala izenzo Aeschylus. Euripides kwenza kube uphawula ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, Orestes ngesikhathi engcwabeni likayise athandaze "ukuzwa futhi silalele," kodwa eqinisweni kungcono into efanayo. upholisa yakhe Dionysus - Orestes nefinyelela file lowo Nokho uphinda - ungaphenduli.

Yibe usufunda okudaliwe yabo Euripides, futhi Aeschylus babe niggles lapha - kungani konke ukuxakeka iqala pedigrees. Ifindo ingxabano sina ukuthi cishe kuziwa zishayo. Kodwa isikhathi ungenela Dionysus. Nkulunkulu enquma ukuthi ake izimbongi hlabelela ivesi elilodwa zezinkondlo, yena abe kulesi silinganiso ukukala yimuphi "ngoyisiwula kusinda". Euripides iqala, kodwa emsebenzini wakhe yena nzima futhi esiyinkinga. Aeschylus uyaqhubeka futhi uthi, string obunobunye futhi omnandi. kungazelelwe Dionysus amemeze athi "Aeschylus nzima."

umphumela

Esigabeni esilandelayo izimbongi umncintiswano kufanele wabelane imibono yabo isimo sezombangazwe e-Athens. Nokho, zikhona izimbongi ngokwabo. Dionysus liyaphithizela: ngubani, ukuze asuse eHayidese yena. Ungalindele, nangu ekubheka yenza isinqumo futhi ememezela owawina Aeschylus. Euripides wahlambalaza: unkulunkulu ayelithembise bambambe. Besabela kuleso simemo, Dionysus ihlangabezana izinkondlo zakhe siqu - "Hhayi mina, ulimi lwami akuthembisile." Imbongi uyaqhubeka ukuphikisa, futhi asabela izingcaphuno emisebenzini yakhe siqu. Ngenxa yalokho, Euripides buthule.

Dionysus futhi Aeschylus uya emuva. IHayidese ubacela ukuba adlulisele zo ahlukahlukene aziwayo nabezombusazwe ukuthi ubulokhu elinde ke. Sekungena lihlabelela wase-Athens Aeschylus, inkosi okungenakuqhathaniswa amazwi.

Ngakho evala ahlekisayo ukuthi wabhala Aristophanes ( "frog") yena. Okufingqiwe I-idayari yomfundi ingancishiswa kakhulu, hhayi ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe izingxabano nge umlindisango, izimbongi squabble.

ukuhlaziya

I amahlaya yaqale lwenziwa 405 BC. e. futhi Yamukelwa ngezandla ezifudumele umphakathi Athene. Empeleni, lo mdlalo kuveza ukubukwa kwezincwadi kumbhali. Comedy iqondiswa ngokucacile ngokumelene Euripides, obonakala effeminate, isihawu futhi antipatriotichnym. Ngokuphambene, kusobala Aeschylus - imbongi High kabani izinkondlo benamandla Maral yiqhawe ezijulile, sína futhi abonisa ukushisekela izwe.

Umsebenzi izahlulelo kakhulu olubandlululayo lapho Aristophanes ubona ngokwaso. "Amaxoxo" (isifinyezo is okwethulwa kulesi sihloko) zalotshwa umlobi emva uchungechunge ukwehluleka kwezombangazwe nakwezempi Athens. Esinye sezizathu ngoba ukunqotshwa Aristophanes ubona entsha oda - nentando yeningi, kanye lapho emelela Euripides. Nakuba Aeschylus kuveza uhlelo wangaphambili. Naphezu orientation zezombusazwe akusho wehlise in a inkulumo yokulingisa komkhiqizo. Comedy siyagcinwa isitayela yendabuko buffoonery futhi jester.

Izibuyekezo

Ngenhla, sasuka isifinyezo sezinto amahlaya of Aristophanes 'Amaxoxo' Izibuyekezo njengoba simelela lapha. Ngakho, naphezu isikhathi kusukela aloba play, namanje ukufunda insini. Aristophanes Amahlaya ikakhulukazi kucace manje. Yiqiniso, abafundi ngeke wazi ukuthi ngenxa yokuswela ulwazi yomlando nezincwadi yaseGrisi yasendulo kungenza abanye ukudideka, kodwa jikelele ke akuvimbeli ejabulela umkhiqizo.