Izinhlobo Civilizations: East & West

Ukuqala ukuchaza ngokwabo ne elithi "nempucuko". Bamafilosofi nezazi-mlando baye ayifake leligama ezahlukene okuqukethwe eziningana semantic. Cabangela izinhlobo impucuko, ngokuthi "ehunyushelwe ngesikhathi nendawo izinkampani." mlando abahlukahlukene zikhiphela ezahlukene impucuko wendawo. EyiNgisi uArnold Toynbee babekholelwa ukuthi phezu kule nkulungwane yeminyaka kwakukhona (futhi usaphila) impucuko ezinhlanu: Western, Orthodox (okuyinto zihlanganisa Russian), Muslim, wamaHindu futhi Far East (China, eJapane, eKorea, eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia). Vele enkathini zomlando wambalela impucuko amathathu nesikhombisa.

Izinhlobo impucuko, ngokuvumelana Toynbee, ihlukaniswe amaketango zici ezintathu. Zonke impucuko ekhona ingeyesithathu, isixhumanisi zokugcina. Ngokwesibonelo, impucuko yethu zokugcina esikuziphathimandla: i-Minoan impucuko - Hellenic - Orthodox. Okungukuthi, ngokombono wakhe, siphila esikhathini lapho ushintsho global ngosuku olwandulela cool mkhuba zomlando. Nokho, akwaziwa lapho futhi ngayiphi indlela-ke okuzokwenzeka.

Esikhathini ezivamile izifundo zamasiko ethandwa bamukela umbono lula khona Western isiko kwamasiko, okuphikisana nohlobo empumalanga impucuko, libhekene eziningi izici eziyisisekelo. Lawa ngokuyinhloko, isimo sengqondo esihlukile ezihlukanisile nomphakathi kanti nesimo sayo sengqondo phansi impahla.

Lokhu kuphikiswa Yiqiniso, inhlamba. Izinhlobo ezinkulu impucuko ayigcini division zibe eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Yebo, wona kanye nencazelo impucuko empumalanga kudingeka kucaciswe. Kusukela umbono we ndoda European emgwaqweni, impucuko Iranian, Kazakhstan neChina - kungcono okuthile okufanayo, ezingafani kuphela imininingwane emincane futhi ebhekisele uhlobo empumalanga impucuko. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, noma yimuphi umuntu afaneleke (ingasaphathwa abakhileyo kulezi uthi), kuyacaca ukuthi esimweni sokuqala siba the classic Muslim isimo Shiite lesibili - sezibekwe ngaphansi kwethonya Muslim isiko imihambuma asemaqeleni Omkhulu (igama elithi Lev Gumilyov), kanti eyesithathu - nhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ehlanganisa Buddhist, Taoist futhi izingxenye Confucian ngobuningi enongiwe ezazifundisa ubuKhomanisi.

Yebo, futhi eYurophu namuhla mayelana umqondo "okuhle nokubi" ihluke kakhulu kusukela European Ephakathi. Ukubukwa Savonarola, Torquemada futhi uMbusi uRichelieu, elaba de empeleni waba umbusi France, lokho akuhlangene nhlobo nomgomo lanamuhla eziza kuqala ezifuywayo iningi amazwe aseYurophu.

Konke, ngokubona umuntu European emgwaqweni, manje isici impucuko empumalanga - collectivism, isimo eliphansi ezihlukanisile nomphakathi - kwakunjalo Europe ubudala. Futhi akusiwona ukuthi Europe "luye lwakhula." phansi nje degree of drive. Izwe Elidala wakhula amafutha, ukuvilapha, ngezinga elithile. Ngakho-ke, ngakho ngizizwe ngikhululekile e-Europe, zifiki kusukela eningizimu nasempumalanga, abathwali amasiko ezihlukene. Kungenzeka okufanayo esikhathini classical ezweni empumalanga - waseJapane, obazali umthethosisekelo wabhala abameli American umsebenzi amabutho ethembeni bazifundise izindinganiso Western. Kodwa-Japanese namanje ngamandla amakhulu kakhulu yesiko. Kuyinto umphakathi onomdlandla, bakwazi bazivikele amathonya zangaphandle. Ngakho ukuthi "izinhlobo impucuko" ezahlukene akuhlangene nakho.