Museum of the Revolution eMoscow

Ekwindla ka-2017 ngunyaka engu-100 kwasungulwa i-utho lwesikhala lapho amaBolshevik wagumbuqela zokugcina autocrat isiRashiya, uNicholas II. Shintsha Yiqiniso yentuthuko eRussia futhi emhlabeni wonke. Kube uhlelo olusha ngokuphelele, okuyinto ophika izisekelo zama-Capitalist. E-Moscow kukhona isikhungo kwamasiko, igama okuqukethwe okuyinto abuyise umbukeli kuya sikhathi seziyaluyalu. Kuyinto Museum of the Revolution ku Tverskaya, 21. Njengoba 1998 - State Central Museum of Contemporary Umlando Russia (lapha, ngoba ukushaya emhloleni, Museum of the Revolution).

Armored futhi izinsensane

Ngo-October inkondlo "Good" uVladimir Mayakovsky wabhala: "Leso sikhathi lapha! Yehla! ! I upshot isikhathi sakho "abangakholwa ukucabanga," Museum of the Okthoba Revolution, itholakala ku-inxuluma ubudala, ukhuluma kuphela mayelana Storming we Winter Palace, volley "Aurora", imoto kukaLenin zempi. " Lokhu akulona ngempela kuyiqiniso. Kuthinta ingcebo nemibukiso ahlukahlukene, etshela mayelana nokuthuthukiswa komnotho, zezenhlalo nezombangazwe eRussia XIX sekwephuzile - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka XX, eziseqhulwini Russia yesimanje, ngokuqhubeka izizukulwane .. Izivakashi ukumaka nobungane nobuchwepheshe bale iziqondiso. Guides musa bathambekele ukusibekela imibono zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Vele usitshele ukuthi kwenzekeni.

Izikhali, izingubo, imishini yokunyathelisa, ingaphakathi yokudlela, lapho, kwenzeka, ogogo nomkhulu zahazhivali, izimfanzi eyayigcwele inja owandizela isikhala - amahholo amathathu yayenza ngokungacabangi uhambo ethokozisayo esidlule. Kukhona umbono: ashona lokulibala ngesikhathi emlandweni waleli zwe lesimanje ubukeka enamandla, batshengise, kodwa hhayi iluhlaza. Izingane othanda ukuzibuka filmstrips, nabazali - ezidlule. Popular cafe-museum imikhiqizo, okuyinto manje ethi "yemvelo, kabanjalo ...", amaswidi enziwe nge kadokotela iminyaka engamashumi amane edlule.

izakhiwo esiphawulekayo

Izivakashi eziningi ukushiya ngenhloso ukuncoma abangane ukuvakashela Museum of the Revolution. E-Moscow, ku Tverskaya Street, zazizinhle: ulwazi, akukho kanzima futhi vulgarity. By endleleni, kukhona ihholo, ositshela ngekusasa isakhiwo ngokwaso. Yakhiwa ngekhulu XVIII. It walondoloza kahle ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngaphambi ukubonwa abanikazi ezahlukene nezivakashi. Umnikazi kaZuma wayeneminyaka imbongi, wemidlalo Mikhail KHERASKOV (walondoloza nolwazi ngaphambili), okuyinto wasithengisela Ukubala, uMajor General Lvu Razumovskomu.

Isakhiwo main (endlini enkulu) lakhiwa uCatherine Omkhulu (1777-1780 GG.). Kamuva zaziwe phakathi abaklami wesikhathi Adamu Menelaws ungeze amaphiko owengeziwe. It kwesokunxele Villa ngo isitayela classicism ovuthiwe. Ukuhlaselwa ibutho sikaNapoleon engawayekanga ubuhle. Lokuhlela Kabusha ethunywe umakhi Domenico Gilardi. By endleleni, kukhona enye Museum. Ngezinye Revolution Square (eMoscow) , usivulela iminyango kuwe kubo bonke abanawe ukujabulele ukufunda ngenkundla Impi Ye-1812. Kodwa emuva nesihloko. Lapho Razumovsky wafa, umfelokazi anikela ifa yezakhiwo umfowabo Nikolayu Vyazemskomu. Nicholas G. yanika ukwakhiwa eMoscow English Club (1831). Kufika 1917 lapho kwenziwa wokuziphilisa amadoda party Lokudabuka zasebukhosini. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngezikhathi emandleni isakhiwo commercial ivaliwe olungaphambili lwesonto amahle (kwadingeka azulazule yokusesha yokungena).

Entsha ekuphileni esigodlweni

History Museum of the Revolution okwaqala ngokushesha ngemva izenzakalo evuthayo Okthoba. Kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe izisekelo zokwakha yenkhululeko isiRashiya, Ucwaningo olunzulu ulwazi zanqwabelana. Ifomu asalile (ezindaweni ezincane) club isinyathelo ekuqaleni 1918. Kodwa esikhathini esidlule akuniké indlela esikhathini esizayo. izimiso okusha, izinqumo babe ukugeleza. I-oda kuqala kakhulu, okuyinto ezikhishwe Monuments Commission yobuciko zakudala ngesikhathi Yabantu Commissariat eziphathelene ukongiwa ukubukeka yezakhiwo izindlu, yanikezwa isikhungo kwamasiko. Izitolo okudayisa, kanye isikhule ngokukhohlisa phambi esigodlweni ladilizwa. Olungaphambili lwesonto futhi liza liphuthuma endaweni ngobukhulu.

A ezahlukene "kwakhala" neHholo club IsiZulu: kukhona manje Museum of eMoscow ubudala. Lo mbukiso kuqala igama luhlobo inguquko wavula ngo-November 1922 futhi wabizwa ngokuthi "Red eMoscow". Umlobi womlando yenhloko-dolobha uVladimir Giljarovsky batshelwa ukuthi ukutholakala kwenzeke ngehora lesithupha. ugesi ovuthayo. Esikhathini amahholo, bemi ngaphandle Ukushisa, uma iminyaka ukufudumala. Izivakashi imodeli entsha kwaba iyafana kwezakhamuzi zokuqala: ". Umbuso okuthuleyo" ukuthunga iyunifomu yamasosha, lesikhumba jackets, amajazi, bona behamba zazihamba zibuka yamuva

Kungenjalo asinawo indlela ukumisa zindlani

Abantu ngeqholo bencoma namafulege abomvu futhi sabeka isikhali kuvukela, hung ezindongeni zemabula lasendulo. Old portrait gqizisa art imifanekiso nezithombe "Izinsuku Eziyishumi Lokho Shook Okwezwe" izinhlamvu (njengoba kuchaziwe kulo mcimbi, intatheli yaseMelika Dzhon ukuqeda). Phakathi izivakashi abaningi kwakungabantu besifazane (okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukuthi kwakuyintando phakathi ukuhlala we ngesiNgisi Club).

Zonke zajabula ukuthi kukhona Museum entsha. Revolution e ukuveza embukisweni namakhona thematic zaziziningi kangako: amasosha, amatilosi, ukuzalwa ezweni elisha! Abaningi sazana phezu izithombe impi. Ohlanganisiwe isitoreji amayunithi kwaba yisisekelo esichasiselweni lomlando Revolutionary Museum e Moscow. Ngo-1924, lesi sikhungo waba State Museum of the Revolution. Eyokuqala ikhanda Sergey Mitskevich - ubuntu ezaziwayo. wamavukelambuso isiRashiya, yinkakha uhlobo lesibonwa, isazi-mlando, onguprofesa eMoscow University. Umhleli we-Moscow Workers 'Union.

I okunye ku-ndawonye

Museum of the Revolution e Moscow, kabanzi asibekela izihloko imibhikisho abalimi ngokumelene yezikhulu futhi uthi lawela (ephawuleka: abaholi babo UStepan Razin futhi Emelyan Pugachev azalelwa edolobhaneni Zimoveyskoy-on-Don nge umehluko iminyaka eyikhulu). Ayikwazanga ukwandisa ulwazi lomuntu siqu ukuphokophela Decembrist, Will Yabantu, ukuqonda "wilds" imicimbi Russian Revolution, kulwiwa. Kwakumelwe embukisweni endala, esemgwaqweni Museum of the Revolution.

Moscow wayeqonda ukuthi ukwakhiwa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kancane kancane ukuqongelela okuhlangenwe nakho kufanele ahlele futhi ukugqugquzela. Kusukela ngo-1927, i-scope thematic titfutfukiswe. Amashumi iminyaka ilandelana asathuthuka (futhi kamuva athuthukile) socialism edonsela hhayi kuphela izakhamuzi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa, kodwa futhi izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe.

isipho Repin

izibalo Hlukanisa uhulumeni, amathimba esikhulu esuka kosozimali, sezenhlalo, emazweni asathuthuka, abalobi, abadwebi, Okugweda, yaseshashalazini izibalo, "le sabasebenzi emazweni onke" kubhekwe kuyisibopho kuwo uvakashele Museum of the Revolution. Ezinye izihambeli akuveli elambatha. Ngakho setfulo agcwaliswa elifakwe imidwebo edlubulundayo "Januwari 9," "Umngcwabo Red" nabanye. Bethula umdwebi odumile IIya Repin.

izakhamuzi Wothando kweSoviet Union kanye namazwe friendly ukuthwala izipho kumholi isimo Iosifu Stalinu. Abaningi babo babe ezahlukene yokuqhuma amafilosofi: ifoni ngesimo wonke, kwihendisethi-isando, iwashi, elalihlotshiswe ngegolide encane T-34 ethangini. Izipho embukisweni eziqhutshwa kusukela lama-39 mayelana iminyaka 55th of XX leminyaka. Ububanzi engavamile ivamile phakathi izibukeli futhi ezinsukwini zethu. Ngo-1941 i-Museum kakade kwase umholi ongenambangi phakathi izikhungo efanayo. Izimali bezingaphansi izinto esigidini. amagatsha Avulwe.

wabelane isikhathi yokusebenza

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945) wenza izinguquko elibukhali imisebenzi yesayensi kanye ezemfundo, okuyinto lwenziwe ngabacwaningi Museum. Revolution kungenzeki, yabelana nje sengonyama of izimali waya ezijulile langemuva. Inani labasebenzi Sehle ngo ngokuphindwe kathathu. Kodwa umsebenzi akazange ayeke. Ngo-July 41st izivakashi yayenziwa embukisweni iyalandisa abantu baseSoviet ngokumelene abahlaseli amaNazi. Futhi isikhungo ikhanda, futhi amagatsha wahlangana futhi wahamba izivakashi phakathi neminyaka yempi.

Isitha baphuthuma eMoscow. abasebenzi Museum kuqhathaniswa ke indlela etholakalayo: sitshele abantu ubuqhawe of amasosha aseSoviet. Ababekhona izibalo kanje: inani izivakashi e 1942 - 423, abantu abayizinkulungwane 5 ..

It eziqhutshwa endaweni evulekile ukuchayeka (izibhamu, izigqulo nezinye izinto iRed Army zokuzuma isitha). Ngu isigqi evamile yomsebenzi emuva ngo-1944. Kube ukuguqulwa olungaphelele: izinto, ikakhulukazi ekuboniseni wamavukelambuso wenkululeko ezinyakazayo bahlakazeka. Abanye "elivulekile ngomqondo" e GAU (Main archival ukuphathwa), abanye - in the State Historical Museum, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Museum of the Revolution Red Square, nabanye - yamukelekile ngu Library of Foreign Wezincwadi. Umthumeli ngokwakhe wagxila ekutadisheni wamanje yamaSoviet, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Russian Social-Democratic. kwakusadingeka ukuba ukuqonda butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi ukuthuthukiswa esivela a nje umphakathi, inkululeko nokulingana.

Basondela ukuze umnqopho

Kuyaziwa ukuthi uma imemori ingxenye igama uyakufanelekela ubekade disfavour: Joseph yaqhakaza ihaba amagugu Jughashvili umnikelo (Stalin) ukufeza lizwe. Ngo-1959, ngemva abadumile XX Congress LamaKhomanisi kweSoviet Union, umuntu Crowned ziyadalulwa. imibhalo Trip babé nesibindi sokushumayela, inhloso ngaphezulu. Abavakashele ukusungulwa ngawo-1960 okuqala, uyakhumbula: eksponatury wawubonisa inani elikhulu, ositshela yona ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinjongo impilo nokufundiswa komphakathi. Izivakashi wafunda, kokubili ngokoMthetho ukukhula kwale mboni ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo, okwenzekayo kule mboni, "isiko", kukangaki ikhuphukile inhlalakahle izakhamuzi zaseSoviet.

Ngo-1968 kwaba khona omunye ukuqanjwa kabusha: uphawu uvele eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "Central Museum of Revolution wase-USSR." Ngonyaka olandelayo, lapho wanikezwa ilungelo afeze ucwaningo lwesayensi. Isimo eliphezulu ukuhlonywa kwe-Research Institute umnakekeli ifa eminyaka wanikezwa okokuqala. ezingeni Solid womsebenzi kulinganiselwa isimo sezinga imiklomelo. Museology (1984) laboratory wavulwa, waqala ukutadisha umlando iminyuziyamu eSoviet Union.

Ingabe kukhona ukuphila ngaphandle imibono?

izinqubo zezenhlalo nezombusazwe maphakathi nawo-1980 izwe waphazanyiswa "ukulandelana izizukulwane." A incazelo entsha esidlule, sokuhamba endleleni okuhlose ubukhomanisi kanye nezinye banamuhla baye kwaphoqa ukulahla yokungakholelwa nenkulumo-ze. isitoreji Special Kuye kwavulwa yomphakathi ukubuka.

Ngo-1998, i-Museum of the Revolution kakhulu kabusha ukuchayeka. GTSMSIR isibe isikhungo esiyinhloko zesayensi kanye methodological, ukubamba imihlangano thematic izihambeli, beqhuba amakilasi yesayensi ezingokoqobo. Ukwanda isipiliyoni ukuza lapha Museum ochwepheshe abavela ezweni lonke. Zonke abantu abanentshisekelo kanye nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho niyithole imihlahlandlela, ukudlula nokuqeqeshwa professional.