Inhliziyo yomuntu, siyini kanjani imisebenzi yayo?

Inhliziyo emzimbeni womuntu - isitho esibalulekile. Umsebenzi wakhe kungafaniswa futha. Ngenxa inhliziyo akhishwa igazi ku imithambo futhi ngokuqhubekayo eshayela phakathi kwezinye izitsha. Imisebenzi ngokuthi emzimbeni impilo yonke. Iminyaka engu-70, naye wenza yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 2-3 e ukusikeka kanye amaphampu angaphezu kuka-170 kwezigidi ezingu amalitha igazi. Ngakho isakhiwo inhliziyo? Yiziphi imisebenzi yayo?

Indawo kanye nosayizi inhliziyo

Isitho eyinhloko yomzimba womuntu itholakala maphakathi nesifuba. Iningi inhliziyo itholakala ohlangothini lwesobunxele zomzimba, kanye ezincane - ngakwesokudla. Ukuqamba Amanga umzimba pericardium. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-pericardium. Lokhu isikhwama Friend, ebiyelwe off kusukela inhliziyo nezinye izitho zangaphakathi asizivumeli kuye ukuba abashukumise futhi pererastyagivatsya ngesikhathi umsebenzi.

Usayizi we inhliziyo mncane impela. Umuntu ngamunye imayelana isibhakela. Nokho, ubukhulu nomzimba isisindo kungashintshwa. Amapharamitha anda ngaphansi izifo ezithile. Ubukhulu nesisindo inhliziyo nakho kuyanda e labo bantu ababephikisa isikhathi eside abathintekayo kwezemidlalo noma okhandlayo ezikhathazayo.

Isakhiwo somzimba

Ake sibone ukwakheka inhliziyo. Izindonga kulomzimba siqukethe izingqimba ezintathu:

1. Epicardium. Lokhu mncane ulwelwesi olwelwesini odongeni inhliziyo.
2. Myocardium. Lokhu ochwepheshe eside ukuqonda ungqimba maphakathi unesibopho imisipha yenhliziyo.
3. Endocardium. Lokhu ulwelwesi, okuyinto ichaza uhlelo yangaphakathi zenhliziyo.

Ehlanganisa lo isitho esibalulekile izingxenye ezimbili, ahlukaniswe ukwahlukanisa - udonga obukhulu kwemisipha. isigamu ngasinye sibandakanya emakamelweni amabili. Izigaba engenhla (sokunene nesobunxele) abizwa ngokuthi Atria kanye ephansi - the ventricles. ikhamera ngamunye unendima ekhethekile inqubo kwegazi.

Atria

Uma ucabanga ukuthi isakhiwo inhliziyo, ukukhuluma mayelana Atria - emakamelweni mncane-ngodonga zenhliziyo. Basuke engaphezulu ventricles futhi wahlukana nabo valve atrioventricular. Ukunikeza ilungelo futhi Atria kwesokunxele. umzimba kwesokudla engenhla ikhamera - indawo confluence le cava vena kanye imithambo yenhliziyo. Kubhekwe le mininingwane, singaphetha ngokuthi lo ATRIUM uthola igazi emithambo yegazi elingenalo umoya-mpilo.

Kwesobunxele umzimba engenhla ikhamera fana ncane than ilungelo. Ngo ukuvulwa wakhe izimbobo ezine ngemithambo yamaphaphu. Kule midlalo, ATRIUM kwesokunxele uthola igazi fresh, elinomoya-mpilo futhi isilungele ukusatshalaliswa okunye wonke umzimba womuntu.

ventricles

Kulesi sithombe, elibonisa isakhiwo inhliziyo yomuntu (ngezansi), ungabona ilungelo futhi ventricles ngakwesokunxele. Bakha a main umzimba yemisipha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekamelweni kwesokunxele kuqhathaniswa esifanele omkhulu kakhulu futhi enamandla. I-ventricle yangakwesokudla uthola igazi deoxygenated kusukela ATRIUM kwesokudla. Lapho inhliziyo ungenwa ke liya emaphashini ngokusebenzisa valve yamaphaphu. Backflow wegazi ekamelweni eliphezulu kuvimbela valve tricuspid, ebizwa nangokuthi i-tricuspid.

I-ventricle engakwesobunxele kusukela ATRIUM kwesokunxele uthola igazi, ngaphansi anomoya-mpilo. Kugeleza le mitral (bicuspid) valve. Lapho imisipha Kufinyeta ngaphansi kwesokunxele igazi egumbini is bafakwa aorta ngokusebenzisa valve yomthambo i-aorta. Wabe zibhebhetheka wonke umzimba womuntu.

umsebenzi inhliziyo

Ekucubunguleni isakhiwo inhliziyo, kudingeka utadishe umsebenzi emzimbeni. I ventricles futhi Atria kungenzeka noma ekhululekile (diastolic) noma wafingqa (systole) isimo. Ukuphumula futhi ukusikwa inhliziyo zenzeka ngokulandelana:

1. systole atrial. Ukuncishiswa umzimba engenhla ikhamera - ekuqaleni umjikelezo inhliziyo. Lesi sigaba ihlala 0.1 yesibili. Phakathi systole iphiko valve zivulwa. Zonke igazi kusukela Atria kuya ventricles uthunyelwa. Ngemva amakamelo aphezulu ukunciphisa kwenzeka ukuphumula isigaba.
2. systole Ventricular. Ukwehliswa ezindaweni eziphansi inhliziyo ihlala imizuzwana 0.3. Semilunar (yomthambo i-aorta ne-pulmonic) kanye iphiko enezinto zivaliwe esigabeni ekuqaleni. imisipha Ventricular incipha. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingcindezi ku inyuka ingaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, igazi ithunyelwa Atria. Lapho, ingcindezi ingaphansi. Nokho, ukugeleza kwegazi kule ndawo kuyenze ingaphumeleli iphiko enezinto. Amahlamvu azo ayikwazi ukuphuma zingene Atria. Kuleli qophelo, kudalulwe valve semilunar. Igazi uqala ukunyakaza ku Umthambo yamaphaphu futhi le-aorta.
3. Diastole. Ventricles uphumule ngemva ukusikwa. Lesi sigaba sithatha 0.4 imizuzwana. Phakathi nenkathi ukuphumula, umzimba engena igazi emithanjeni zibe ATRIUM futhi lingena kancane singene ventricles. Lapho umjikelezo luqala, igazi asalile umzimba engenhla ikhamera kwaphoqa ngezigaba yakhe ephansi.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi isakhiwo inhliziyo futhi isebenza kanjani, ukukhuluma mayelana imibuthano kwegazi - ezikulu nezincani. Eyokuqala iqala aorta. Kuqhamuka ventricle engakwesobunxele igazi elinomoya-mpilo. Bomkhumbi ngobukhulu igazi kugeleza imithambo, arteriole, ama-capillary, ekuletheni i-oksijini ukuze wonke amaseli bese ewakhulula anqwabelene carbon dioxide. Ngenxa kunethiwekhi capillary ushiya igazi emithambo yegazi. Okokuqala, ihamba phezu ama-venule, bese - ngemithambo kanye emithanjeni eziyize. Ngenxa yalokho, it iwela ATRIUM kwesokudla, futhi kusukela lapho ithunyelwa i-ventricle yangakwesokudla.

yokujikeleza kwegazi eliya emaphashini iqala Umthambo yamaphaphu ephuma emakamelweni ilungelo engezansi inhliziyo. igazi emithambo yegazi ingena emaphashini, ihamba ngemithambo yegazi, arteriole futhi capillary ye lekhethelo etholakala kulezi zitho. Ngenxa yalokho, it uwela alveoli - Amagwebu ukuthi zigcwele umoya. Igazi ubamba oksijini, wahlanza kusuka carbon dioxide bese engena emthanjeni. Lezi imithambo yegazi bangabantu ATRIUM ngakwesokunxele. igazi lakhe bafakwa i-ventricle engakwesobunxele. Khona-ke konke iyaphindwa futhi. Igazi uqala ukunyakaza kumbuthano enkulu kwegazi.

isitho umsebenzi

Ngemva kokubuka izinto isakhiwo inhliziyo, ungabiza imisebenzi yayo. Omunye wabo - ethangini. isitho esibalulekile zomzimba womuntu phakathi ukuphumula imisipha yenhliziyo kuyinto umgodi for ukuqongelela ingxenye elandelayo igazi eligeleza kusukela ATRIUM ku imithambo yegazi. Eyesibili umsebenzi inhliziyo - umjovo. Ikhishwe lingene egazini emibuthanweni ezincane nezinkulu kwegazi kuyilapho ekwehliseni ventricles.

Kanjani enhliziyweni yomuntu, bonke abantu kufanele bazi. Odinga ukuba ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yini emzimbeni wakhe, lapho izindlela zenzeke kuwo. Kusukela umsebenzi inhliziyo kuncike isimo sempilo kanye nempilo yabantu. Ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza isitho igazi zisakazekela umzimba, balethe konke kwezitho nezicubu umoya-mpilo, izinto eziphila abakhuthele, amandla, futhi kuthatha ukuba carbon dioxide futhi imfucumfucu.