Voltage - umqondo obalulekile Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka

Ugesi - ifomu kabanzi kunazo eneji umuntu. Ngaphandle ihaba, singasho ukuthi incazelo kagesi njengoba electron ngaphambilini ezinyakazayo Kuyaziwa ngisho esikoleni physics ebhukwinitifundvo. Kodwa lapha yini voltage yamanje futhi kanjani it enikeziwe "ukunyakaza ehlelekile" iyaphendula akubona bonke. Khumbula ukuthi i-electron, le aphansi kagesi ngokwayo ngokusebenzisa umqhubi alinyakazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuphela ukuhamba amacala kanye iketango kuhambisana ngokwenza umsebenzi ewusizo ngesimo energy conversion kusukela ifomu eyodwa kuya kwenye. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa lezi kugucuka kagesi kwezinye izimo sikhanya light isibani intambo, futhi abanye - uzungeza motor Rotor. Esimweni sokuqala siba ekuguquleni energy kagesi ku ukushisa, futhi okwesibili - magnetic. Amandla ichithwa ezihambayo amacala ngenxa umthombo olusekela kagesi yesifunda. Ogelezayo ngokusebenzisa umqhubi, zamanje uyisa mthombo wamandla EMF kumthengi - intambo Windings we motor, njll

Uma sichaza njengoba inombolo wamanje amacala egeleza ngokusebenzisa umqhubi, kungashiwo ukuthi umsebenzi wamanje luncike inani ngalezizinto ngesikhathi. Futhi lokho inquma kagesi yesifunda? Cabangela isibonelo ukugeleza zamanje isibonelo indiza amanzi aphuma mbobo phansi isilinda ezigcwele phezulu. Cabanga ukuthi imodeli yethu a isilinda - umqhubi, futhi amanzi - kuba inqwaba amaconsi electron. Khona-ke kusobala ukuthi ekuphunyukeni per unit isikhathi umthamo wamanzi incike nemingcele ezimbili - ingcindezi kwekholomu amanzi ezifundeni kagesi, ukubizwa ngokuthi voltage, orifice ububanzi - i-analog ukumelana kagesi. Ukuphakama ikholomu yamanzi imodeli ichaza ezingaba engenhla umthombo wamandla, uyala ekusakazeni droplet-like of electron okuyinto ukuhamba kusukela engenhla ungqimba aphansi. Amandla bezikhali mass amanzi, okungukuthi ikhono ukwenza umsebenzi othile ezisebenziseka amazinga yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi zihlukile. Ngenxa umehluko ezingaba phakathi emanzini ungakwazi ukuthi kuqhamuke njalo imbobo kanye ekutjhugulukeni amandla ezingaba kwekholomu amanzi ku kinetic amanzi amandla jet. Uma ukuphakama ikholomu amanzi ukwandisa, umehluko kungenzeka kube nokungqubuzana, noma voltage, ukwanda, futhi zamanje, noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile, mass egeleza iyunithi amanzi isikhathi ngasinye nako kuyanda. Ngakho, imodeli ezihlongozwayo ebonisa ngokuqondile wakhona amandla samanje voltage.

Okwazekayo, lokhu okuphumayo amandla kulotshiwe kanje: Mina = f (U) * K, lapho mina - zamanje, U - voltage K - isici ngazinye i wesifunda kagesi ezidlulisela impendulo wamanje - the conductivity. Le nqubo ivame baqashwe okuhambisanayo we conductivity R = 1 / K, futhi ubizwa ngokuthi "ukuzabalaza". Ukumelana uvamise ukwelashwa njengoba ewusizo umthwalo wesifunda. Emthandazweni wethu, lokhu "ukuzabalaza" imbobo endaweni ukhonza sokukhipha amanzi: elikhulu kangakanani, aba maningi permeability yayo, noma, ngolimi conductivity kagesi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukumelana kwamanzi is lehla.

Imodeli bubonakala ngokucacile njengoba amandla bezikhali ukugeleza icala-droplet uguqulwe energy kinetic of emfudlaneni ogelezayo. I ukumelana aphansi (noma conductivity eliphezulu), aba maningi umsebenzi mechanical kwenziwa emanzini amaningi. Ngamanye amazwi, izinhlobo ezahlukene payloads - a converters DC, ezifana intambo oguqula amandla kagesi ku ukushisa nokukhanya, ikhoyili edluliselwe oguqula amandla kagesi ibe uzibuthe, njll

Ukubuyela izifunda kagesi, singaphetha ngokuthi lo amandla wamanje we mina wamanje kanye voltage U kukhona imingcele kagesi sokunquma zamanje Umsebenzi (A = U * mina).

Uma le wamanje kunqunywa inani icala idluliselwe, futhi voltage isizathu elibangela electron "ehlelekile" ukuba ngithuthe enkulu ukuya umthamo ezincane. Uma voltage engekho, noma ngabe singakanani isimo electron khulula e into aliholeli ukuhamba amacala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukungabi khona voltage aliholeli nokudluliswa kwamandla.

ukuboniswa Kahle okutholakele emifula: bakha usebenzisa umehluko ezingeni elikhulu (engaba) yamanzi. Lapha nenqwaba falling amanzi afana samanje, futhi umehluko we yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi pool ezingeni udlala indima ezingaba umehluko.