Lens diverging

Lens - ingilazi umzimba okusobala, okuyinto engavimba surface eyindilinga noma cylindrical. Ahlukanisa labo ezinhlobo yayo: convex kanye ngilugweda.

Isakhiwo umzimba ingilazi

A ngilugweda (lens negative) kanye convex (collective) libe izingxenye ububanzi futhi mncane. It has a kusakazeka ebanzi emaphethelweni nasebubini phakathi nendawo, kanye ne-lens collective - kunalokho.

Beka walemizimba ingilazi tisebenta esimeni lapho index yezokubona njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo Inkomba yezokubona lens eshiwo ngenhla. Khona-ke uthole lens negative izakhiwo collective - futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Centre of emkhakheni, ingxenye okuyinto kobuso emzimbeni, ebizwa ngokuthi maphakathi ugobile. Uma omunye ubuso bayo flat, bese uthi yena ungakwesokunene okufanekisa ingunaphakade.

A umugqa oqondile ohlanganisa izikhungo ugobile evele okuyizinto uyimbulunga elichazwa ngokuthi eksisi eyinhloko optical. Kuyinto perpendicular ebusweni lens at lawo maphuzu, lapho sidlula. Khomba amanga ku-eksisi optical maphakathi, elaliyisikhungo optical. Noma yimuphi umugqa ingase idlule isikhungo engela ilungelo eksisi eyinhloko, kubhekwa ezivelayo.

Iphuzu lapho wonke wale misebe, okuyinto, zibuye parallel eksisi optical emva ophuma emkhakheni lens libizwa ayiphoyinti. Iphuzu lapho uya uqhubeke imisebe ezihlakazekile, okuthiwa i focus sobala lens diverging.

Ibanga ukusuka maphakathi (ebhekisela isikhungo optical) zomzimba ingilazi ukugxila ubude ebalulekile. Le ndiza, okuyinto idwetshwa ngokusebenzisa iphuzu focus bese yena, kwelula perpendicular eksisi optical ubizwa ngokuthi eqondile.

Ukuze wenze imaging ku kusakazeka i lens into, esihlinzeka lens, kubalulekile ukwakha isithombe amaphuzu kakhulu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imisebe iwe emzimbeni ingilazi ukuthi kuyoba parallel eksisi eyinhloko optical, lapho nize zidlule focus. A imisebe ewa ku lens ngokusebenzisa focus, ngemva hamba ugongolo ngokulinganisa. Uma ugongolo hits isikhungo optical, ngemva kokuphuma, uJehova uzokwenza ukuhambisa luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa, okungukuthi, ngeke refracted.

Elisho ibanga kusuka into lens nge b, kanye nebanga elivela lens esithombeni - ngokusebenzisa v, kuyilapho ubude ebalulekile uphawu V-ke ezothando elandelayo isebenza:

1 / b +1 / v = 1 / V

i equation okunjalo kubhekwa lens ifomula. Kuyadingeka ukucacisa ibanga esithombeni into ngesikhathi izikhundla ezahlukene eyisihlobo umzimba ingilazi.

Uma lokhu ibanga uyogcina uphume ezimbi, lokho kubonisa ukuthi umfanekiso into ohlangothini olufanayo lens njengoba into. Ngakho-ke, uma kuyindodana lens negative, ubude ebalulekile lenani ifomula zokugcina kumele zithathwe nge uphawu lokususa, njengoba value omubi kungagwenywa cha.

Value, okungukufa okuhambisanayo ubude ebalulekile, ngokwamandla optical. It is kulinganiswa ngo diopters. Ukwazi wawungakanani umfanekiso, onikeza lens, futhi ubukhulu bento kungenziwa kunqunywa komugqa ukwanda, onikeza umzimba ingilazi. Lokhu kwenyuka kwabangelwa isilinganiso isithombe ukuphakama ukuphakama into uqobo.

Diffuser. imaging

Kuyafaneleka ukuxoxa ngale ndaba at okufanekisa ingunaphakade. Khona-ke isithombe into izoba ngokugxila engokomfanekiso. Ubukhulu balo kanye nemingcele nje ukuthi nokwami, kusukela ukubaluleka ngqo awutholakali.

Umgomo buqamama encane evela umzimba ingilazi. Ukuze uthole lens diverging, okuyinto kwakungeke kuncike, umfanekiso waso uyohlale ohlangothini olufanayo lens, lapho ukuxoxa ngendaba ngokwayo. Isithombe uzobe kuyehla, kanti i ngqo engokomfanekiso.