Emkhakheni kawoyela Prirazlomnoe oLwandle Pechora

Ezweni azikho ezindaweni eziningi yayingaziwa nhlobo. Enye yalezi zindawo - Arctic. Ukutadisha Arctic waqala kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi. Ukuthuthukiswa esifundeni uyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku. Angaphezu kuka 2/3 of uwoyela negesi okuqhelile ogwini Amasimu emhlabeni Arctic ise Russian eshalofini zone. Ayikho ngaphandle futhi Prirazlomnoye uwoyela ensimini e Sea Pechora.

Umlando yephrojekthi

Prirazlomnoe ensimini izazi zokuma komhlaba wathola ngo-1989. Ushintsho umbuso zezombusazwe futhi kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa idiphozi okuzenzakalelayo.

Kuphela ngo-1993, inkampani ephethwe "Gazprom" - "ROSSHELF" - isiqala bahlanganyele ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo Prirazlomnoe. ukuhlola Geological kwemithombo ezintathu enziwa ngaphambi 1994. Kakade 1996, inkampani uye walungisa zibheke kwezomnotho kanye lobuchwepheshe. Ngo-1997, it yagunyaza uhlelo ukwakha isiteji isilungisiwe.

Ngo-1998, lapho design platform ezazisemizini esiteji asebenzayo, eba yiqhwa umsebenzi ngenxa okuzenzakalelayo kwezomnotho. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, iphrojekthi zilungisiwe, futhi inkampani entsha osizayo "Gazprom" - "Sevmorneftegas" - ukuze uqhube ukwakhiwa. ukufakwa yesikhulumi zokukhokha isikhathi eside lihlehlisiwe. Isigaba sokuqala ukwakha kwathatha nje ekupheleni 2010. Futhi kuphela ekupheleni 2013th waqala ukuba abe seyisebenza ngokugcwele.

platform Izici

Isifunda lapho Prirazlomnoe ensimini - Nefteyugansk isifunda Nenets Autonomous District. Isiteji elise km 60 esuka ezwekazini.

Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa ensimini olwandle usumisiwe eziklanyelwe platform ukuthi usebenze ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, iqhwa, imimoya enamandla futhi amagagasi ulwandle. Ukujula lapho umkhiqizo kawoyela Kwenziwa - 20 m Isiteji kuvikelwe emhlabathini by ulwandle isikebhe sizinze.. Ingqikithi yesisindo sezinto ke, kuhlanganise isikebhe sizinze, kuyinto amathani 500,000. Ngokuya ngalolu hlelo yesikhulumi ukuze bayamba imithombo 36 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukukhiqizwa amafutha minyaka yonke ongaba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-6.5.

isimo ensimini

Oilfield Prirazlomnoe iyingqayizivele ngempela, njengoba umsebenzi isizinda "igolide abamnyama" abazenzi kuso usendaweni yesikhulumi, washo ngisho ebusika. Nokho, i-oda yokubhalisa isimo ukwakhiwa kwalo mthetho Russian ingakamiswa asethuthukile.

NgokoMthetho Federal №187, platform - i ukwakhiwa yokufakelwa emashelufini zamazwekazi Russian Federation endaweni. Arbitration iNkantolo Ephakeme Yase-District eMoscow ngo-2009 wanquma ukuqaphela wetakhiwo wokubacindezela isilungisiwe. Futhi ngo-2012 "Prirazlomnaja" kubhaliswe njengoba esibuthakathaka kolwandle ukuya ku-Register of Kwemikhumbi Russia nase isibaluli ethekwini Naryan-Mar.

izinkampani Management

Prirazlomnoe Oilfield baqala ayenziwa kusukela ngo-1992 Kuyinto ibhizinisi ezikhethekile "ROSSHELF" yadalwa kulo nyaka. Isivumelwano siqanjwe izinkampani ezahlukene mayelana 20, ezinye zazo wahlanganyela Ukuhlolwa emkhakheni Shtokman. Ngo-March 1993, JSC "ROSSHELF" wathola ilayisense ukuze bafeze imisebenzi ukuhlola, izimayini kanye ukulinganisa sikawoyela.

Kusukela ngo-2001, inkampani "Gazprom" futhi "Rosneft" waqala ukuthuthukisa uwoyela negesi pool we Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, kuhlanganise Prirazlomnoe ensimini. "Yuganskneftegaz" - ephethwe "Rosneft" - ilawula platform ukudonsa esiteshini kusukela ngo-2006. Ngo-2002, inkampani "Sevmorneftegas" wathola ilayisense ukusebenzisa uwoyela Prirazlomnoe. Ngo-2009, "Rosneft 'wazithengisa' Gazprom" zonke isenzo "Sermorneftegaza" futhi inkampani okuthiwa "Gazpromneftshelf". Kusukela 2014 kwaba ephethwe "Gazprom Neft".

Izici isitoreji kanye zokuhamba kawoyela

Kwabonakala izimoto ezinkulu zamasosha kawoyela ongahluziwe zitholakala ezansi yesikhulumi - ku caisson. zokusetshenziswa isitoreji impahla ubuchwepheshe ke ngokuthi "ezimanzi" ngoba kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukugcwala ethangini amafutha ehlala egcwele kahle amanzi. Amafutha ingena ethangini nge indlela - the diffuser. Uma ugcwalisa amanzi ethangini uphoqelekile ohlelweni isikebhe sizinze, okuyisona yokuhlanza olwengeziwe. Amanzi ke asetshenziselwa pressurize le kawoyela.

Ukuthunyelwa wamafutha kwesigubhu ugcwele kusuka isitoreji amanzi Umfutho. Amafutha akhishwa ebusweni ohlelweni lokuthumela esitsheni. Njengoba amanzi afakwe isikebhe sizinze igcwalisa ethangini.

Ezokuthutha Kwenziwa esebenzisa Shuttle emathangini avuzayo ukuthi eboshelwe endaweni yesikhulumi-non-contact.

Izinyathelo ukuvikela imvelo kanye nezinkinga zemvelo

idiphozi Prirazlomnoe itholakala eduze ezindaweni eziningana avikelwe ngokukhethekile. Ngakho-ke, eyimfanelo kwemvelo lamafutha njalo efanele.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo msebenzi waba uchungechunge yokuhlolwa, umonakalo kwezemvelo is wawusasebenza. Ukunciphisa ke kwenziwe imisebenzi eminingana:

• kumadivayisi amanzi eyanele amapayipi efakwe, okuyinto uvumele kufika ku-80% nokuncipha ukufa kwezilwane zasolwandle;
• Ithoshi umsebenzi ebusuku kuyehla ngangokunokwenzeka ukugwema ukushayisana ezindizayo yesikhulumi.

Akekho emkhakheni kawoyela akuyona okuzivikela izinto zokusetshenziswa lichitheke emhlabeni. ensimini Prirazlomnoe isakhiwa unyaka wonke, ngisho ebusuku polar. Amafutha imidlalo iqedwe ngokushesha esifundeni Arctic cishe engenakwenzeka - ingxenye liqhubeke eqhweni. Izinsiza kusebenza for imidlalo impendulo cishe 1,000 amakhilomitha kusuka "Prirazlomnaya" e Murmansk. Ahambisa ke endaweni yengozi kanye nzima izimo zezulu.

ensimini Prirazlomnoe kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zobuchwepheshe, equkethe izindlela eziphambili kakhulu imishini, ukukhiqizwa, ezokuthutha amafutha. Ukuthuthukiswa Its kubalulekile ikakhulukazi emnothweni Russian.