Inkumbulo ngekhanda inqubo: izinhlobo, ukuthuthukiswa nezici

Memory ingenye imigomo ebaluleke kakhulu kwengqondo. Lo mqondo sivame kakhulu esetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Memory kwengqondo okuthiwa umsebenzi ngekhanda. Leli gama ine imvelaphi ezithakazelisayo - egameni unina Muses eziyisishiyagalolunye kanye unkulunkulukazi inkumbulo Mnemosyne. zamaGreki asendulo nazo zithi lokhu okusungulile unkulunkulukazi ukukhanya inkulumo. Leli phepha kuveza izici izinqubo ngekhanda echazwe kulawo mafomu nezinhlobo.

Inani inkumbulo

Imemori ukuhlobana esidlule, zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo indoda. It ukhonza njengelungu ngesisekelo umsebenzi ngokwengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ngekhanda - isimo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni ngamunye wethu, ukuqeqeshwa kwethu ukuthuthukiswa. Kwezinye izizwe kwanqunywa bazimisele ukumisa amatshe esikhumbuzo hhayi ukunqoba kodwa ukuhlulwa. Kwanikeza abantu ithuba elingcono lokusinda esikhathini esizayo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinqubo ngekhanda inkumbulo kungekho ulwazi olusha "kukhishwe". Basuke kuphela kabusha uphinde uhlele yonke ukuthi "misela" nezinye izinqubo yobuchopho. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvumelana izidingo nezithakazelo. Isici esiphawulekayo inkumbulo, kanye umphefumulo, ukugxila esikhathini esizayo, okungukuthi, hhayi kulokho eyake yaba nokuthi izosetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bathi imemori womuntu, okuholela nakho ezihlukahlukene ebunyeni, kudala eliyingqayizivele futhi unrepeatable, kudala ungubani. Empeleni, ukuze ngokuhlala ke - izindlela ngokuhlala konke.

Memory njengoba isici jikelele ndaba

Ngekhanda inkumbulo izinqubo akuzona ilungelo okukhethekile yomuntu. Zitholakala e eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene kuwo wonke amazinga okuphila. Memory kuyinto ikhono jikelele ukugcina iminonjana ndaba ukuchayeka yayo yangaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, kugcina iplanethi yethu "izinkumbulo" imicimbi, izinqubo kanye izenzakalo zesikhathi esidlule.

Ukuthuthukiswa eziphilayo eMhlabeni kwaholela kwavela umthamo qualitatively ezahlukene: hhayi kuphela ukulondoloza, kodwa futhi kukhiqize lokho kwake kwaba icala. Kunzima ayifake umbuzo iqiniso lokuthi lokhu imemori ejwayelekile izilwane. Nokho, njengoba kwaboniswa yindlela ucwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi, la magciwane izinqubo ngekhanda kungukuthi uhlukane izinqubo okuqonda. Imemori yalolu hlobo kuzibonakalisa, okokuqala njengoba ukuqashelwa engozini ngento unikezwa, futhi okwesibili, njengoba bezibona izithombe, lapho umfanekiso othile uyaqhubeka ukubona, hhayi zikhunjulwe. inkumbulo Okufanayo, ukubizwa ngokuthi eidetic, libhekene izizwe ezisebusweni kusaqalwa sokuthuthuka, kanye nezingane. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ebonwe abadala.

I ngokucacile yingqondo yomuntu, cwaningo yayo

Kancane kancane, ngesikhathi kumiswa indoda njengomuntu kwezenhlalo kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa izinqubo ngekhanda. Memory uya ngcono, izici ezintsha ke. Abantu babekhululeka lapho izinqubo ngekhanda, okungakwazi kuphela ukuqopha Izenzakalo zesikhathi esidlule futhi udlale nabo, kodwa futhi kuchasiselwe izinkumbulo iphuzu elithile. Le ndlela inkumbulo yomuntu ibonakala njengoba evuthwa. Ingane encane, ogama yobudala eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu, akuyona eyinqaba ukuba sikuqonde esidlule izinkumbulo yabo, ngoba imiqondo ezifana "kusasa" futhi "izolo", kusho lutho kuye.

Njengoba waqala ukutadisha izinqubo ngekhanda eziyisisekelo, Psychology waba isayensi zokuhlola. Le ndlela yokwenza izifundo zokuqala yayilula ngokwanele. Lomuntu-kuya-bakhumbule anikele tintfo letitinhlobonhlobo: izinhlamvu, izinombolo, amagama (njengoba lutho futhi okunenjongo), njll Lokhu kwasiza abacwaningi ukunquma amaphethini izinqubo ngekhanda ...

Life and nomsebenzi ngamunye kithi wehlukile, ngakho-ke izinhlobo inkumbulo kukhona impela eningi. Ukuhlola kafushane yibo ezinkulu.

inkumbulo motor

Lokhu kuwuhlobo inkumbulo isitoreji, isitoreji, nokudlala okwalandela ukunyakaza ahlukahlukene. Lona ezihlukahlukene bokuqala inqubo ngekhanda ukuthi kwenzeka endaweni yokuqala, futhi kamuva lonke iphele. Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka amathathu kokuphazamiseka umuntu ongaphumelela ukudlala upiyano, ukukhwela isikeyiti noma ukugibela ibhayisikili. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngoba ukwenza kanjalo sihambisana main inkumbulo ngekhanda izinqubo.

inkumbulo ngokomzwelo

Libhekisela okuhlangenwe nakho, imizwa. inkumbulo Ngokomzwelo kubuye ifomu ekuseni. Ucabanga ukuthi kangcono wakhumbula: negative noma positive ngokomzwelo? Phendula wena lo mbuzo, bese usetha kwabanye. Umphumela walolu cwaningo kuyoba izimpendulo ngokuqondile okuphambene.

Iqiniso lokuthi izinga ngokomzwelo (emihle noma emibi) alisho ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani izogcinwa kumemori. Lapha abathintekayo kwemithetho jikelele, owawuthi ngabanye izenzakalo zamanje phambili aba maningi amathuba okuba ugcine engqondweni yakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi babengobani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezibalulekile ngokwengqondo umuntu. Abanye bethu uncamela silondoloze umuzwa omuhle, kuyilapho abanye - imizwelo engakhi.

inkumbulo ezimise

Lokhu inkumbulo sehlukaniswe ezibukwayo, olfactory, ethintekayo futhi sokuzwa. Isabelo isigaba kunqunywa lapho analyzer ngaphezu kwabanye ehilelekile bezibona kwento okufanele agcinwe. inkumbulo Emongweni ekudaleni ubudlelwane elula elandelayo ibunjwa (inhlangano):

• contiguity, uma uhlangane izehlakalo ezimbili noma eziningi eziye zavela esikhaleni esifanayo noma nini;
• Ukufana (izenzakalo ezithinta izici ezifanayo);
• ngokungafani (imihlola ephikisanayo).

Mangisho ukuthi izibopho akhiwa hhayi bona. Umuntu kumelwe babambe iqhaza kule nqubo. Ekuqaleni, udinga ukukhomba kubo, bese ukurekhoda miyalezo efomini okuqonda, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba babe inkumbulo izithombe.

Memory logic ngamazwi

Okuqukethwe ifomu izinqubo mnemic iyimicabango ukuthi eshiwo ifomu ongokomfanekiso noma ngamazwi okwethulwa isakhiwo ethile enengqondo. Lokho agxile kukho kuya ngalokho okushiwo, okungukuthi abakushoyo, isici inkumbulo lwamazwi okunengqondo. Umumo kwifomu, yileyo ndlela kuthiwa, kubonakala ezimweni ezimbili:

• ezinganeni ebhasha ngengqondo, ngoba zivame ukukhumbula izwi impahla nezwi, ngoba abakwazi baliqonde;
• kubantu abanegciwane okusezingeni eliphezulu ekukhuleni, okuyinto kalula ngakho futhi ngokushesha baqonde okushiwo ukuthi bayakwazi ukubona ubuhle ifomu emva kwakhe.

Ngokuphathelene inhlangano inqubo ngekhanda, zingabantu yesibili. Ngamanye amazwi, zivela kuqala njengoba imisebenzi yengqondo nezenzo bese esinqunyiwe (e ukuphindaphinda), bese ziba imisebenzi mnemic ukukhonza lenhlangano nakho yangaphakathi kanye nenguquko yayo. Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu sekukhona esuka eminyakeni yobusha, ufuna ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo, ukucabanga ukuthi kufanele akwenze, okungukuthi, kumiswa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene engqondo, ngaphansi umthwalo izinqubo ngekhanda.

Esikhathini ukuqeqeshwa uma lemali ezinto kudingeka akhumbule, omkhulu, noma uma ufuna ukugcina inani elincane kakhulu ulwazi, abantu baphendukela enqubweni yokufunda yonke. Limelela ngekhanda, ogama njongo - ukugcina impahla kwimemori. Ngekhanda kuyinto semantic, eduze umbhalo kanye engokoqobo. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi impahla uphinda ofuna ukukhumbula, kungcono in isikhathi esithile ngemva kokuba wamukelwe.

I ngekhanda 4 izinyathelo main ezilandelayo:

• behlukanisa impahla;
• kwesibuko impahla;
• esungula intergroup uxhumano (ubudlelwane) emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka leyo nto;
• yekusungulwa kwebudlelwane iqembu naphakathi-.

Lezi zenzo kungukuthi okuhloswe ngaso oluqinisayo nasekusindisweni. Badinga okokuqala kwezithelo zonke ukudlala. Kukhona inhlangano eziyinkimbinkimbi semantic, esebenzisa inkumbulo lwamazwi okunengqondo. Zihlanganisiwe izenzakalo zinezikhathi imvelaphi yabo, umsebenzi kanye nokunye. D. Kukhona ubudlelwane ezinjalo ingxenye futhi lonke, zinhlobo futhi uhlobo lwe, imbangela nemphumela, okuyinto alinikwa ngqo bezibona. Kuyadingeka ukuba sifeze umsebenzi okuhambisanayo engqondo ezoqhakambisa lokhu kuxhumana futhi uzilungise.

Ezinye izizathu Ukwahlukaniswa

Ngaphezu izinhlobo ezahlukene inkumbulo engenhla, kukhona izinhlobo izinqubo ngekhanda, okuyinto abelwe ngokuvumelana nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo: khona ilitshe, izindlela ngekhanda, kanye nesikhathi ulwazi isitoreji. Okuvame kakhulu iyona division lakamuva. Chaza kafushane main izinhlobo inkumbulo for nokugcina isikhathi ulwazi.

inkumbulo sezinzwa

Lolu hlobo inqubo ngekhanda okuyinto eyenziwa ezingeni yokwamukela. ngaleyo ndlela Imininingwane egcinwe cishe ikota yebahlali ngomzuzwana. Yisikhathi ezidingekile ayanda izingxenye zobuchopho akha yakhe ukuliqaphela. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, ulwazi kusulwe, bese idatha entsha okwenzeka yayo.

inkumbulo esifushane

Uhlobo esilandelayo inkumbulo - yesikhashana. Le nqubo ngekhanda libhekene nomqulu omncane, okuyinto 7 ± 2 izakhi. Kancane futhi isitoreji yabo (cishe 5-7 imizuzu). Lapho izakhi behlukanisa kungase kwandise e inkumbulo yesikhashana: akunandaba, kuyoba imishwana eziyisikhombisa noma izincwadi eziyisikhombisa kuya wakhe. Man uzama ukulondoloza ulwazi kuze kudlule isikhathi eside isikhathi, iqala ukuphinda.

uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula

RAM - inqubo ngekhanda eziphathelene nomsebenzi wamanje. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi bese ugcine ulwazi kuleli cala kunqunywa isidingo lo msebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu uyakhumbula, iziphi nemigomo yalo digital nawurarulula imiraro. Lapho enquma ke, uyazikhohlwa ngakho.

inkumbulo Lesisemkhatsini

inkumbulo Intermediate - inqubo ngekhanda ukuze kusindiswe ulwazi esiye ekuthole emini. Umzimba ebusuku "ukubuyisela oda". Yena categorizes ulwazi esiye zanqwabelana, it ihambisa: ezingadingekile luyasuswa, futhi lonke liya inkumbulo yesikhathi eside. Lo msebenzi kudingeka okungenani ube 3 amahora bese imemori Lesisemkhatsini ilungele futhi. Umuntu olele ubuthongo amahora engaphansi kwemithathu, ukunakwa encishisiwe, siyabhubha ukucabanga izinqubo, kukhona amaphutha inkulumo.

inkumbulo yesikhathi eside

Ekugcineni, yesikhathi eside inkumbulo - inqubo ngekhanda, futhi leyo mali kanye inkathi isitoreji ulwazi namanje engakaze kunqunywe. Umuntu egcina kuphela idatha idinga, futhi isikhathi idingeka. Kuphela inkumbulo yesikhathi eside has ulwazi lapho umuntu ivuliwe ukufinyelela bayazi nedatha angenalungelo ukufinyelela izimo evamile. Ukuze uthole it, udinga ukusebenza kanzima.