Russian Jikelele Kutepov Aleksandr Pavlovich: A Biography, ngakhonza White Army, inkumbulo

Adume nomholi wezempi we ukunyakaza White Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov wazalwa Septhemba 28, 1882 ku Cherepovets endaweni isikhulu yesifundazwe nesizotha futhi ukucasha. Ebuntwaneni nesikole iminyaka, umfana waya kude enyakatho Arkhangelsk. ukuphela kwengcebo yabo Small wafundisa Alexander abaphansi Spartan ukuphila - amakhono eziyosisiza ukuba naye enkonzweni nzima.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Ngo-1902, ngemva kokuphothula lolimi esikoleni Arkhangelsk esizayo jikelele Kutepov wangena elise Petersburg, uVladimir esikoleni lempi. isipiliyoni wasesikoleni esiphakeme avunyelwe le nsizwa ukuba kalula unqobe inkambo theory. Nokho, yayingathandi ubuthakathaka - sokuprakthiza. Kutepov babhekana nezinkinga ejwayelekile wabo bonke abantu abasha abathintekayo ezikoleni lempi izikhungo zomphakathi kunokuba aye empini. Kodwa naphezu kobunzima, ukumhlangabeza e isigaba esisha ekuphileni, u-Alexander babhekana nazo zonke izinselele. Wamsiza ukuphikelela siqine futhi ngikhuthazele, okuyinto kakade ekuphileni omdala kungukuthi nje bophulwe Jikelele.

Ngo-1904, u-Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov waphothula ekolishi futhi waba uLieutenant wesibili 85th Infantry Regiment ka Vyborg. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva emcimbini yendabuko Grand Duke Konstantin silubhade kulelo sergeants ezinkulu.

On neMpi Japanese

Ngesikhathi inani labantu ababebuka Alexander Kutepov ukhonza njengoba impi Russian-Japanese. Uma ngaphambili, masinyane wamcela ukuba abe ngokusuka kuzo ukuba ayohlola lixuku. Ngokushesha abasha isikhulu non-ethunywe owayevelele ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa lamabutho amaJapane. lamabutho wakhe ayesithole Trophies eyigugu (isibhamu umshini-izibhamu). abakhulu loluhlelekile we Vyborg ibutho kwaba umzala we Tsar Russian Kayzer Vilgelm. Yena yanikezelwa Order of German Umqhele Kutepov. Waphawula amandla isithunywa bomdabu. Ngesikhathi Russian-Japanese War Aleksandr Kutepov wathola i the Order of St Stanislaus degree 3rd, degree St Anne 4-th noSt uVladimir degree angu-4 th.

Ekupheleni ingxabano olunegazi eliseMpumalanga Ekude, isithunywa okunekhono kwadingeka ukwenza ukuqeqeshwa labantu abasha ababhaliswayo. Ukubuyela Russia, waqale waphonseka izenzakalo wamavukelambuso (ku isizinda ukwehluleka ilwa neJapane revolution lonke Kwagqashuka 1905). Ikusasa jikelele Kutepov wayegade isitimela, lapho isitimela wayeka abashayayo abebengeneme yabatshela ukudalwa ezweni lakubo. Amasosha awuzange ishaqeke, futhi basekela ukusekelwa amasosha abaqotho abophe ekomidini wamavukelambuso, babhikisha esiteshini sesitimela.

iminyaka elinezinkathazo

Kusukela ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala Aleksandr Kutepov kwaholela inkampani wesi-4 Preobrazhensky Regiment. Agasti 20, 1914 nokuhilizisana endaweni Vladislavovo laphela isilonda for kuye. Ngokushesha, isikhulu walulama futhi waba nengxenye eziningana lisebenze ngempumelelo ngokumelene amaJalimane. Ngobusuku obandulela inguquko, waba sombutho.

Ngo-February 1917, Kutepov kwaba iholide eside elindelwe futhi safika Petrograd. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekuphela komongameli yesikhundla ayenaso (Colonel), bezama ukuvimba lokhu kubhikisha yemvelo wedolobha, okungase saphela abdication yenkosi. Nokho, le nkampani, wakwazi ukuqoqa Kutepov, lalilincane kakhulu ngaphansi kwesimo izakhamuzi disaffected Petrograd uquqaba.

Nalapha ngezihluthu

Ngemva Februwari Revolution, labuya isosha emsebenzini asebenzayo. Ngo-April, wabahola Life Guards Regiment. Ngesikhathi lokhu kumiswa kwakucishe kuphela kwakwakhe nenkani on the front. Ingxenye esele ukubola ngaphansi isenzo anti-impi nokuyaluza wamavukelambuso.

Khonamanjalo Preobrazhensky ibutho ezimpini Tarnopolsky Breakout. Ngalesi kokuhlinzwa, July 7, 1917 Kutepov futhi owayevelele empini eduze nedolobhana Mszana. Ukuze migilingwane kwakhe, wathola i the Order of St George 3rd degree. I Preobrazhensky ibutho Aleksandra Kutepova igama usuphenduke into efanayo isinqumo, ukuzinikela emsebenzini kanti inkonzo ongenabugovu kuya Motherland.

Eningizimu

Nge obhekwe KwamaBolshevik ibutho, okuyinto walwa emelene eJalimane nase-Austria-Hungary, ekugcineni ngiyaquleka. Ngo-December 1917, Kutepov ushiye phambi waya Kiev. Esikhathini "unina amadolobha Russian" ngakho, wahlanganyela Zinikele Army. Isigaba asebenzayo kwempi yombango sasingakafiki kuqalile. Abaphikisi ukulondolozwa amandla abo futhi balungiselela nokuchitha igazi.

Ukuphela 1917 - ukuqala 1918. Ngokuzayo jikelele Kutepov labetibambile eTaganrog, lapho waba inhloko yalawa isikaniso wendawo. Kwadingeka ulwa Red Guards. Ngo-January 1918, White wakwazi aphule-kwamaBolshevik pro amasosha kokuhilizisana e Matveyev Kurgan. Ngokusho umlawuli wakhe oyinhloko Anton Denikin, kwaba impi yokuqala enkulu kulwiwa.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi phakathi kwakhe Kutepov kwakukhona iqoqo izingxabano ngemibono. Denikin eyayibekwe sasivumela nesandla esivulekile, kuyilapho u-Alexander Pavlovich njalo kwadingeka futhi lo mama engumKatolika monarchist ukubukwa. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kokwehluka mayelana nemvelo efanele kwamandla, Kutepov ubelokhu asekelwe umlawuli omkhulu ezindabeni ezempi.

ngokumelene amaBolshevik

Zisuka nje, zonke izinduna enkonzweni White Army kwakunzima kakhulu futhi uyakhathaza. I Apotheosis izimo ngonya ka impi "Ice" umkhankaso wokulwa Kuban (Februwari - Meyi 1918). Kulesi msebenzi, Kutepov eyayiholwa esinye sezikhonzi omlomo ibutho sika. Ngo-April, waqala lokuyala Kornilov ibutho ke - Okokuqala Infantry Division.

Ngo-November, u-Alexander Pavlovich waba uMajor General. Ngobusuku obandulela amabutho ezimhlophe wathatha Novorossiysk, futhi Denikin wamiswa lempi oLwandle Olumnyama Kutepov. Lokhu kukhetha zazizwakala ziyinqaba kwabaningi, njengoba ukaputeni babengakaze yathonya ukuba umthetho kunokuba aye empini.

Ngo umsebenzi wakhe omusha isikhulu sizibandakanye inqubo kanzima waseklasini. izinyathelo yakhe okuqinile nezitha zika nohulumeni omhlophe eyagcina yaziwa ngokuthi "Kutepov." umbusi Military ophethe zezokuvikela nokuzinza ukunikezela of Novorossiysk eyayihlelwe umbimbi angaphandle. Lapho kuba ichweba elikhulu base supply kwangaphandle ukunyakaza emhlophe. Kutepov ihlelwe indlunkulu entsha bamenza inhloko Nikolaya De Roberti. Waba ngakwesokunene Alexander Pavlovich futhi obhekele izimiso lakhe lempi.

Ngesikhathi inhloko yalawa "amakhaladi" regiments

Ngo-January 1919, kakade jikelele Russian owaziwa wahola 1st Army Corps, okuyinto wasebenza ngawo eDonets Basin. Winter yasentwasahlobo Ushiye baphinde bawahlanganise amabutho kanye ukuzivikela empumalanga ye-Ukraine. Kwakuyinkathi ukungezwani ezibucayi bonke khandlu of Zinikele Army.

Ubuhlobo Denikin sika nozakwethu abaningi kwesokunxele okuningi okufanele oyifunayo (ikakhulukazi uvalo zihlukaniswa ubuhlobo bakhe Wrangel). Ngakho-ke, lo mlawuli wamabutho e isihambeli abakhulu Kutepov (emva oda akusiyena induna yempi) amandla ngaphezulu. Ikakhulukazi, Denikin wamnika "amakhaladi" regiments - umnyombo White Army Guard.

Ukukhetha ngoba Kutepov wayesaziwa ngokuthi isikhulu ngenkuthalo, namaqhawe, akusiyo nesithakazelo kwezombangazwe. Futhi ngempela kwaba njalo. Nakuba abanye wabelane isikhumba wabulala bear futhi waxoxa esizayo zezombusazwe yakhululwa Russian amaBolshevik, jikelele benza front-line ibhizinisi lakhe nzima.

Isigaba sokugcina kwempi yombango

umlawuli wamabutho waphinda wabonisa izimfanelo zakhe ezivelele ngesikhathi ukusebenza laseKharkov. Ngomsebenzi okhetheke khulu ukuthi wenziwe uLieutenant jikelele. Ngokushesha waqala ecasula ku Moscow Zinikele Army. Lo mkhankaso ngenhloko-dolobha lasendulo Gen. Kutepov wayala yasebusosheni, okuyinto kwafinyelela Lokhozi. Khona-ke ayiminyanisa ukusebenza futhi kulandelwe baleka Novorossiysk kude. Naphezu ukunqotshwa emva jikelele Russian wakwazi ukulondoloza amandla empi okhonzile sokuzithandela ukuhlukana - Markov, Kornilov, Alexeyev futhi Drozdovskaya.

Entwasahlobo ka-1920 Kutepov kwaba eCrimea, lapho Baron Wrangel wammisa induna ingenye yezindawo zokugcina izakhiwo emhlophe. Ehola ukwakheka mkhuzi waya izimpi lonke Northern Tavria. Naphezu kwemizamo ka-Alexander nezinye ngabaholi bezempi eliqavile White ukunyakaza, amaBolshevik baqhubeka okuhlaselayo yabo. Ngo-November 1920, Kutepov waxoshelwa owawuvela eCrimea.

ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

IWhite Guard Jikelele Kutepov, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako isibonelo evamile expellees amandla Soviet lesitha, ngesikhathi Ukuhlala kuqala Gallipoli. Kube united bonke abasinde Wrangel ibutho. Ngo-December 1921, Kutepov ngomzimba wakhe wavela Bulgaria. Iziphathimandla zendawo ambopha futhi zixoshwa ezweni. Umkhuzi wathutha eYugoslavia, lapho aba Umsizi Chief of the Army Russian.

Ngo-1924, uJenene Kutepov nomkakhe uLidiya Davydovna Kyut ukuhlala eParis. Isikhulu saqala ukukhonza Grand Duke uNicholas, lapho iningi ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ezimhlophe ayebhekwa ikhanda weNdlu abathunjiwe Romanov. Omkhulu-umalume zinyanga Tsar Russian uqokelwe kwesikaSihlalo isikhulu abadumile EMRO - Russian Military Union.

Okufanele ukwenze isimo sakhe esisha Alexander Kutepov? Jikelele esungulwe uxhumano izinhlangano ezimelene namaSoviet imfihlo uthatha isinyathelo endaweni ye-USSR. Wayenethemba lokuthi ngosizo lwabo, uma ungenawo uphathe lokuketula amaBolshevik, nakuba amandla abo ukudala izinkinga eziningi. Nokho uhlelo Kutepov sika kusukela ekuqaleni ukuhluleka.

ukufa

amaseli "inhlangano Anti namaSoviet" zadalwa ngokuqondile i onogada yokuzingela futhi uqede abaholi asebenzayo of ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Russian e-Europe. Ukuhluleka ezimbi kakhulu Kutepov kwaba ngokubambisana kwakhe ne 'Trust', okuyinto lwenziwe abaphathi besikhungo OGPU.

Januwari 26, 1930 Alexander Pavlovich bathunjwa ejenti intelligence Soviet. ukusebenza benamagangangozi okwenziwe e-Paris. Selokhu ngalolo suku, futhi kubhekwa usuku lokufa Kutepov sika, nakuba izimo Isiphelo sakhe ahlale kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa ingxabano mlando. Ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet, ulwazi mayelana iWhite Guard ojenene abangu labizwa ngokuthi "imfihlo."

ngo-1989 kuphela kwabikwa ukuthi Kutepov bashonele kwamaBolshevik ngesitimu Driven kuye Novorossiysk. Kukholakala ukuthi leli phoyisa wabulawa isifo senhliziyo (mhlawumbe isizathu walo wawenziwe umthamo ngokweqile morphine owethulwa abathumbi). Ngo enye inguqulo eqembu iWhite Guard namanje ayiswe eMoscow, lapho babhubha Lubyanka.

inkumbulo

Namuhla, kukhona okungenani eyodwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze Jikelele Kutepov. Itholakala kwi emathuneni main Russian e-Paris Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. Eceleni kwakhe lamiswao a cenotaph jikelele. Ithuna uhlala khona, ke wenza umsebenzi ongokomfanekiso.

Umkhuzi kabashiyanga Umlando, kodwa wamenza ababephila ngesikhathi eziningi kanye namaqabane emazweni impi yombango futhi ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Umlando ka Jikelele yanyatheliswa eRussia kowezi-2000. Le ncwadi kubonisa ukuthi yini ngempela Bakwethu nengxenye ukhohliwe Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov. Izilinganiso izinkulumo zaso ngesikhathi izingxoxo phambi futhi ebalulekile White Army nozakwethu ukwethula eliyingqayizivele Umfanekiso izenzakalo inhlokomo Russian.