Franciscans nomlando wayo

Oda Franciscan wayengomunye walabo ezinethonya kunazo futhi enamandla emlandweni amukelwa yisonto lobuKristu. Lokhu kwawukubakhumbuza ngegazi lakhe kuze kube lamuhlaa. UNongorwana yethiwa umsunguli wayo - St Francis. I Franciscans nendima enkulu emlandweni wezwe, ikakhulukazi phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi.

Umgomo yokudala oda zenkolo

Ukuvela oda zenkolo kwakubangelwa isidingo ukuvela wabapristi enibathumbile bebengeke kwathinta izindaba zezwe futhi sakwazi ukubonisa ubumsulwa ukholo ngokuhlehla isibonelo. umbhedesho Isonto eyayidingeka ukuze ulwe baqede konke zako. ukuze Okokuqala fit nenhloso, kodwa kancane kancane, eminyakeni edlule, izinto zaqala ukushintsha. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Ingemuva-oda

St Francis of Assisi - umxhasi Italy. Esikhathini lomhlaba okuthiwa Giovanni Bernardone. St Francis of Assisi - umsunguli Franciscan Order. Giovanni Bernardone wazalwa emhlabeni 1181 esikhathini zeminyaka 1182. Okuningi usuku oluqondile ukubukeka lokuzalwa kwakhe ayaziwa. UFrancis wayengumdala ekuqaleni umuntu labesifazane, kodwa ngemva uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ekuphileni kwakhe isishintshe kakhulu.

Waba ozinikele kakhulu, ekusizeni abampofu, ukunakekela abagulayo ku leprosarium, izingubo wanelisekile ezimbi, enikeza izinto ezinhle abaswele. Kancane kancane Kwabuthana Francis umbuthano labalandeli. Esikhathini kusuka 1207 ku 1208 GG. Giovanni Bernardone yasungulwa Minorite Brotherhood. On osekelwe kuyo, ke kwafika Franciscans.

Dala Order

Minorite Ubuzalwane yayikhona kuze 1209 kwaba nenye inhlangano yebandla. Minorites wazama ukulingisa uKristu nabaphostoli, sakhe kabusha izimpilo zabo. ngobuzalwane Charter yabhalwa. Ngo-April 1209 ukuthi ithole imvume ngomlomo evela kuPapa St Innocent III, amamukela imisebenzi yomphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, isisekelo esemthethweni Franciscan oda fixed ngokuqondile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, saqala ubuyise ezinhlwini Minorite abesifazane, okuyiwona iqembu elangenza yesibili yasungulwa.

Oda wesithathu Franciscans elisungulwe 1212 Yayibizwa ngomuntu "ukuze wesithathu yobuzalwane." Amalungu ayo kwadingeka ukuba alalele sisekelo atehlukanisa, kodwa kungenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuphila phakathi kwabantu abavamile futhi bayithande ngokwezinga umndeni. ngemvunulo Izigodlo ukuthi ukugqokwa oda wesithathu ngesicelo.

Isitatimende ebhaliwe khona Order wawuba ngasekuqaleni 1223 uPapa Honorius lwesithathu. Ngesikhathi ukuvunyelwa Brotherhood Engcwele Innocent III zonke amadoda ayishumi nambili wema phambi kwakhe. Wafa zokuxhumana. Francis, umphakathi olunezinombolo cishe 10,000 abalandeli. Zaba ezingasho njalo ngonyaka.

Oda Charter zokuxhumana. Frances

Franciscans sisekelo, evunyiwe 1223, lahlukaniswa laba izahluko eziyisikhombisa. Eyokuqala kudinga ngokugcinwa Gospel, ukulalela nobumsulwa. Esikhathini yesibili wachaza izimo ukuthi kumelwe zaneliswe abafisa ukujoyina Order. Ngenxa yalesi izimfundamakhwela ziyaye entsha kwadingeka adayise impahla kanye ukunikeza bonke abantu abampofu. Ngemva kwalo nyaka ukuya ingubo, belted ngentambo. izingubo Okwalandela wavunyelwa ukugqoka kuphela ubudala futhi elula. Shoes ezigugile kuphela uma kunesidingo.

ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU ufunde mayelana ukudla indlela yokwenza ukholo emhlabeni. Ngaphambi ekuseni Franciscans ukufunda "Baba wethu" izikhathi ezingu-24, ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa - 5. Enye amahora amane ngosuku - ngisho izikhathi 7 kusihlwa - 12 ebusuku - 7. okuthunyelwe Okokuqala waphawula kusukela ukugubha uSuku Lwabo Bonke Osanta eChristmas . Kwaba saziso izinsuku ezingu-40, kanye nabanye abaningi. Charter kungavunyelwe ukulahlwa, ukuxabana, izimpi ngamazwi. I Franciscans kwadingeka ukuba ahlakulele ukuthobeka, ukulalela, ukuthula, ukuthobeka nezinye izimfanelo ezinhle, akusho luthunaze isithunzi namalungelo abanye.

Eyesine isahluko sikhuluma ngendaba imali. OHlelo okwakwenqatshelwe ukuthatha zemali kuwe noma kwabanye. Owesihlanu isahluko sikhuluma ngendaba yomsebenzi. Wonke amalungu enempilo umphakatsi welibhola letinyawo wayegila, kodwa kuncike inani umthandazo kanye nesikhathi kwacaca kule ngesineke. Ukuze umsebenzi esikhundleni imali oHlelo zazingase zithathwe kuphela lokho kwakudingekile ukuba izidingo zabo noma anobuhlobo. Futhi bathathe wathola pledged ngokuthobeka futhi sibonge, ngisho izinto eziningi ezincane kakhulu.

Isahluko lesithupha ifundwa njengoba enqabela ukweba kanye nemithetho isipho iqoqo. amalungu Order ayengenakubalwa ukuphoxeka nehlazo ukwamukela isipho, ukusiza amanye amalungu umphakatsi welibhola letinyawo, ikakhulukazi ekunakekeleni abagulayo nababuthaka.

Isahluko lwesikhombisa uchaza izinhlawulo asetshenziswe kulabo abaye bona. Phakathi eyayithembela ukuphenduka.

Esahlukweni lwesishiyagalombili uchaza abazalwane predominating, ubani-ke kwakudingekile ukubhekana ekubhekaneni nezindaba sina. Order of Ministers Aphinde alalele unquestioningly. Lichaza inqubo ngokulandelana ngemva kokufa umzalwane obudala noma wakhe kabusha ukhetho kwakungenxa yesizathu esihle.

Esahlukweni lesishiyagalolunye uchaza ban wokushumayela kule besifunda-bhishobhi Bishop (ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe). It okwakwenqatshelwe ukwenza kanjalo ngaphandle luhlolo ngaphambi, okuyinto lwakhipha oda. Ukushumayela amalungu elangenza kwadingeka ukuba elula, ecacile futhi ibe nobuhlakani. Imisho - esifushane, kodwa anencazelo ejulile mayelana imikhuba emibi nobuhle inkazimulo Quads.

Esahlukweni yeshumi uchaza indlela alungise exhort bazalwane, wephule Charter. Bheka izindela aphakeme kufanele abe ukuguquguquka kancane okholweni, unembeza onecala, nokunye. E. Brothers wanxusa ukuba baxwaye nokuziqhenya, okuyize, umona, nokunye. D. Amalungu Order angeke afundiswe ukufunda nokubhala, futhi kwathiwa kubangelwa banomsebenzi zibonisa futhi ukuba sithande izitha zethu kanye nithandazela labo abasonayo.

Isahluko ehlukile (nanye) wawuqhele cishe nunneries ukuvakashelwa. It wawuvinjelwe ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekile. I Franciscans babengavunyelwe ukuba godfathers. Kugcine, isahluko yeshumi nambili ukufunda imvume, okuyinto ngabe ngitholile Order of abazalwane ukuzama ukuguqula ukholo lobuKristu we Saracens kanye infidels.

Ekupheleni kwalesi siVumelwano eceleni Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukuze ukhansele noma ushintshe imithetho akuvunyelwe.

nezingubo Franciscans

Nezingubo Franciscans naye waqala ne St Francis. Ngokusho yetinsita washintshana ngamabomu ngemvunulo abampofu. Francis athatha izingubo zakhe nondescript nokulahla esigqokweni belted ngentambo elula. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yonke indela ka Franciscan Order waqala ukuba sigqoke ngendlela efanayo.

Amagama Franciscans

ENgilandi, zazibizwa ngokuthi "abafowethu mthetho oqondile", umbala izingubo. E-Fulansi, oHlelo lalibizwa ngokuthi "Cordeliers" ngoba ozungeza intambo elula. EJalimane, i-Franciscans babizwa ngokuthi "bengafaké zicathulo" Sibonga ngezimbadada zazigaxwa ngezinyawo elingenalutho. E-Italy, abalandeli Francis ngokuthi "abafowethu."

Order of ukuthuthukiswa Franciscan

Franciscans, kabani abamele unesithombe esihlokweni, ngemva kokufa umsunguli, kuqala kwaholela John Parenti ke Jikelele Iliya Kortonsky, umfundi St Francis. uxhumano yakhe futhi ukusondela ukuba uthisha phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe basiza ekuqiniseni isikhundla umphakatsi welibhola letinyawo. Eliya sadalwa uhlelo lokulawula ecacile, division of the Order yaba izifundazwe. izikole Franciscan avuleka, efakwe ukwakhiwa amathempeli nezigodlo zezindela.

Yaqala ukwakhiwa ngokubabazekayo sokukhulekela Gothic e-Assisi, behlonipha St. Francis. Igunya ka-Eliya kwaqinisa minyaka yonke. On ukwakhiwa kanye nezinye amaphrojekthi edingekayo imali eningi. Ngenxa yalokho, iminikelo yesifundazwe zandile. Yaqala ukumelana yabo. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi u-Eliya isuswe kusukela ubuholi Brotherhood e 1239

Kancane kancane Franciscans esikhundleni nokuzula baba phezulu ngaphezulu, ixazululwe. Kuyinto phakathi nokuphila St okungathandeki. Francis, futhi hhayi kuphela wayenqaba isahluko welibhola letinyawo, kodwa 1220 zonke lasuka kobuholi emphakathini. Kodwa njengoba St Francis wayenze isifungo Ngokulalela kwakhe, akazange amelane ushintsho kwenzeka ngokulandelana. St Francis ekugcineni ngathutha endaweni ubuholi Ubuzalwane ngemuva kohambo oluya eMpumalanga.

Oda Guqula indela isakhiwo

Phakathi nokubusa Cortona encenga Franciscans waqala delimitated ku ukunyakaza ezimbili eziyisisekelo lapho ifa zokuxhumana. Francis isihlobo sakhe ukuba kuphindelwe ekugcineni uMthetho-sisekelo nobumpofu ziqondwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Amanye amalungu elangenza baye bazama ukulandela imithetho umsunguli Order sika, lakhungetfwe buphuya nokuthobeka. Abanye baqala ukuhumusha Charter ngendlela yabo.

Ngo-1517 UPapa Leo le Weshumi ezikhonjwe ngokusemthethweni amaqembu amabili ahlukile Order of the Franciscans. Bobabili izinkomba uzibuse. Iqembu lokuqala lalibizwa ngokuthi Observants, ie abazalwane Minimes ngubani banamathele ngokuqinile yonke imithetho St Francis. Iqembu lesibili laqanjwa ngokuthi konventualami. Basuke kancane etimeni Izimiso Order. Ngo-1525 ngobuzalwane Franciscans kwakhiwa igatsha elisha - Capuchins. Zaba ukuthambekela ashisekela izinguquko phakathi Minorites kanye Observants. Ngo 1528 Clement yesihlanu legatsha elisha labizwa ngokuthi hlonishwa njengomphakathi ubudlelwane ehlukile. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. Observants wonke amaqembu aye ahlanganiswa namanye zibe munye, okuyinto waziwa ngokuthi i the Order of the Friars Minor. UPapa Leo lesishiyagalombili awunika igama lokuthi kwabathile abasemkhakheni "Leonianskaya sobunye."

Isonto wasebenzisa intshumayelo zokuxhumana. Francis izinjongo zabo. Ngenxa yalokho, Brotherhood asekelwe izingxenye ezahlukene sabantu. Kwavela ukuthi i-oda zizohamba kwesokudla isonto. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlangano ekuqaleni ngokusekelwe waba oda Izigodlo. Franciscans Sathenga ilungelo iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki ka izihlubuki. Emkhakheni wezombusazwe, baqala ukulwa nezitha opapa.

I Dominicans futhi Franciscans: Ezemfundo

Franciscans futhi Dominicans iphathwa mendicant. elangenza Isekelwe bacishe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kodwa imigomo zihlukile kancane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we Dominican Order kwaba ukutadisha ngokujulile yenkolo. Umgomo - ukuqeqeshwa sabashumayeli abanekhono. Eyesibili umsebenzi - ekulweni yimbuka sihlobene ezweni iqiniso laphezulu.

Ngo 1256 the Franciscans benikezwa lokufundisa amanyuvesi. Ngenxa yalokho Order of lonke lwemfundo yasungulwa bogoslovnogo. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ongqondongqondo abaningi ngeNkathi Ephakathi nangeNkathi Yempucuko. Phakathi ezikhathini zanamuhla kwaqina sevangeli nocwaningo. Franciscans abaningi baqala ukusebenza kwelifa loonyana abaseSpain naseMpumalanga.

Omunye izinkomba njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi Franciscan wayehlobene natural sciences kanye ngqo. Futhi ngisho ngokwezinga elikhulu ukwedlula zenkolo futhi matafizikoy. I isiqondiso entsha yayimelelwe University of Oxford. Uprofesa lokuqala Franciscans kwakungu uRobert Grosseteste. Ngemva kwalokho, waba umbhishobhi.

Robert Grosseteste kwaba isazi avelele isikhathi. Waba ngowokuqala ngubani yabhekisela isidingo izibalo ekuhloleni nemvelo. Uprofesa edume kunazo ilethe umqondo kokudaliweyo ukukhanya ezweni.

Oda Franciscan ku XVIII-XIX eminyaka

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalombili Franciscans kwadingeka zezindela mayelana 1700 nezindela mayelana ngamashumi amabini anamahlanu amawaka. Ubuzalwane (futhi efanayo kuye) ukuthi iqedwe emazweni amaningi aseYurophu ngesikhathi Mikhulu wobunxiwankulu linemibhikisho yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Ekupheleni kuka-Order sakhe saphila eSpain bese e-Italy. Isibonelo sabo kwalandelwa France, bese amanye amazwe.

Izimpawu Order Franciscan kuze 1220

Oda iyilandele yonke imithetho Charter kuze 1220 Ngalesi sikhathi, abalandeli Francis, lembethe ingubo brown yoboya nibhince izindophi elula, nezicathulo ezinyaweni zakhe angenalutho wahambela ngishumayele emhlabeni wonke.

Ubuzalwane wazama ukusakaza izimiso zobuKristu hhayi kuphela, kodwa ukuba sizigcine, asebenze. Ukushumayela encenga Franciscans ngokwabo wadla isinkwa lidala kakhulu, ukhuluma ngani ukuthobeka, ngekutimisela walalela ukuhlukunyezwa, nokunye. D. abalandeli Order ngokwayo wakhonza sibonelo esigqamile ogcina imithetho, base zazizinikele izinikele ukholo lobuKristu.

Franciscans ezikhathini zanamuhla

Franciscans namuhla ukhona emadolobheni amaningi Russian nabaseYurophu. Ukwenza wokwelusa, ukushicilela nemisebenzi yokusiza umphakathi. I Franciscans ezifundiswa ezikoleni, ukuvakasha emajele nasemakamu makhaya.

Esikhathini sethu, ababingeleli nabafowabo Order sihlinzekela uhlelo ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile Izigodlo. Okokuqala, bacwiliswa ukuqeqeshwa ngokomoya futhi ngokwesayensi. Siqukethe izigaba eziningana:

1. Isigaba sokuqala - Postulate. Lona unyaka test owodwa okuyiwona kukhona ukwazana jikelele ne-oda. Kuze kube yimanje, abazobhapathizwa ukuphila emphakathini wezindela.
2. Eyesibili esiteji - the novitiate. Lena isikhathi esiwunyaka owodwa, uma kukhona ukwethulwa nembangi impilo yenkolo. Amalungiselelo izifungo yesikhashana.
3. Isigaba sesithathu ihlala iminyaka eyisithupha. Phakathi nale nkathi ukhetho iziqu zefilosofi nemfundiso yenkolo. Futhi khona kanye nokulungiselela okungokomoya nsuku zonke. Kwathi ngomnyaka wesihlanu yokutadisha uphiwa izifungo okuphakade, ku lesithupha - ukugcotshwa.

Yegatsha Order ezikhathini zanamuhla

Ekuqaleni, kwaba khona kuphela-oda kuqala Franciscan, ezazihlanganisa amadoda kuphela. Lobu buzalwane lihlukaniswe namuhla ku amagatsha amathathu amakhulu:

1. Bazalwane (ngo-2010 lapho babhaliswa cishe 15,000 izindela).
2. Konventual'nykh (4231 indela Franciscans).
3. Capuchin (isibalo sabantu kuleli legatsha - cishe 11 ayizinkulungwane).

Isiphetho on imisebenzi Franciscan Order

Franciscans khona eminyakeni engamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili. Phakathi nale nkathi kuqhathaniswa eside wobuzalwane enza khona umnikelo omkhulu nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa wesonto, kodwa futhi ukuba empucukweni yomhlaba. Ucabangisisa Order ohlangothini kahle ukuvivinya. Oda kanye amagatsha AmananiBUDGET_NAME cishe 30,000 izindela izinkulungwane oda wabantu nantathu, abahlala eJalimane, e-Italy, USA nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.

izindela Franciscan kusukela ekuqaleni wafuna ukuzila. Phakathi khona Order beye babhekana ngokwahlukana phansi imiphakathi ngabanye. Ayemaningi imithetho ngokuya eqinile. Ekhulwini XIX kwakukhona mkhuba reverse. umphakathi gqwa waqala coalesce. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo eziningi UPapa Leo Third. Nguye united wonke amaqembu kwelinye - Order of the Friars Minor.