Isikhathi Nezinkinga eRussia

Isikhathi Nezinkinga emlandweni weRussia kuyinto esibucayi ojulile ezithinta inqubomgomo angaphandle, imbulunga kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kanye ezingokomoya ekuphileni kwawo. Kusukela ekuqa- nekhulu le-16 nele-17, ke kwaqondana amaqembu ngxabano boyarskie, ngalinye elikwazi uye wafuna amandla. Cishe inhlekelele ubhekwa the Time Nezinkinga eRussia.

Izimbangela kokuntengantenga ezazisemizini ezinkingeni ezinkulu zezimali isimo, okwandisa kungevani kahle kutenhlalo ngenxa empini Livonian (kusuka 1558 kuze 1583) kanye oprichnina. I izici eyinhloko nkathi zihlanganisa nabakhohlisi kokungenela, namandla. Abanye abalobi sithambekele cabanga Isikhathi Nezinkinga eRussia empini yokuqala yombango.

Le nkathi kwalinganiselwa bangesikhathi, njengoba nenkathi "shatosti", "ubuchopho ukuphoxeka" kubangelwa ngenxa izingxabano futhi izibhelu wezimpi ezalandela.

Isikhathi Nezinkinga kuqale le nhlekelela dynastic eRussia. Tsar Ivan Grozny okungaka uze ubulale indodana yakhe u-Ivan. Weza amandla, kwesibili - Fedor. Indodana yesithathu Dmitry wafa. Abaningi ngesikhathi babekholelwa ukuthi izikhonzi lona wamuva ugwazwe Boris Godunov, empeleni abadlale indima umbusi wezwe. Ngemva kokufa engenabantwana Fyodor Godunov athatha izintambo. Ngakho, isimo elahlekile indlalifa lokugcina Rurik.

Godunov sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi Umbusi ohlakaniphile futhi eyingqabavu, kodwa ukuyeka Knights nozungu kuhlulekile.

Lokhu kwalandelwa isivuno ompofu, labo ababebanga ukuba khona indlala. Umphumela waba ukuqhuma kokuqala nomphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nobuthakathaka Russia washesha ukusebenzisa Rzeczpospolita (inyunyana Polish-Lithuanian). Ngesikhathi esifanayo Poland has Lzhedmitry I (Grigoriy Otrepev, galich umnumzana ababethi abasindile indodana ka-internet Ivana Groznogo).

Ngemva kokufa okuzumayo Godunov futhi okungezona ukuqashelwa umbusi indodana yakhe Feodor, Amanga Dmitry mina ngasekupheleni 1604 nge ibutho elincane langena Russia. Ngenxa yalokho, cishe nomkhohlisi ngonyaka nokudonswa ngekhala. Amanga Dmitry mina, lanqotshwa. Inkosi waqokwa Vasiliy Shuysky.

Eduze eMoscow, bazinze Tushino edolobhaneni 1608, entsha Amanga Dmitry II (ivelaphi ayaziwa), bavimbezela eMoscow.

Isikhathi Nezinkinga eRussia 1609 libhekene division yezwe. Ngo Muscovy kwadingeka amakhosi amabili, izinhlu ezimbili Dumas Zalamizi ezimbili (e Tushino eMoscow Filaret futhi Hermogenes). Ngakho, kwakheka ezindaweni ezimbili. A igunya baqaphela Amanga Dmitry II, kanti eyesibili kwaba Shumsky kweqiniso.

Ngo 1610, ngo-July, Shuya liketulwa futhi ngenkani tonsured njengoba indela. Okwesikhashana amandla wadlulela "Umkhandlu eziyisikhombisa." Lo hulumeni oye esayinwe Sigismund III (King of Poland), isivumelwano ekwakhiweni sesihlalo sobukhosi Władysław (indodana ka Sigismund III).

1611 libhekene ukwanda inhliziyo yokushisekela izwe, ukukhula izingcingo ukubuyisela ubunye isimo futhi ukuba kuphele ukuxabana. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwakheka abezempi kuqala. Nokho, yayingathandi ukuze akhulule eMoscow kusukela amandla "Umkhandlu eziyisikhombisa" kuhlulekile. abezempi Okokuqala ngiyaquleka. Ngo Pskov, ngineminyaka engu-ngesikhathi esifanayo yinkosi wamemezela Amanga Dmitry III.

Ngu kokuwa yesibili lenzeka ekuthatheni isinyathelo izidlamlilo ka Minin futhi Pozharsky. Ngenxa yalokho, kwemashi eMoscow ngo 1612 (26 Okthoba), inhloko-dolobha kwaba abakhululiwe. Ngo 1613, i-Zemsky Sobor wakhethwa umbusi nesithupha Mikhail Romanov. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuthunjweni Russia uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Filaret (ubaba kaMichael).

Ngo 1617 Stolbovsky ukuthula sasayinwa, lapho Sweden won ngasogwini iGulf of Finland futhi Korela inqaba. Ngonyaka olandelayo, a kuthula nesiphaphamtjhini ne Poland, ngenxa okuyinto Russia wanika Chernigov wakhe, Smolensk, namanye amadolobha.

Naphezu abalulekile ukulahlekelwa indawo futhi elisindayo isikweletu nenhlekelele iphelile. Nokho, umthelela ezibangele Isikhathi Nezinkinga eRussia, ayigcinanga eminyakeni elitjhumi ezako.