Inethiwekhi 5G: Uhlolojikelele, incazelo kanye nesivinini. isizukulwane esilandelayo inethiwekhi 5G

5G, elandelayo-isizukulwane zokuxhumana ezijwayelekile, ezizosekela Inthanethi Izinto, izimoto smart nezinye izinto.

Entsha esezingeni yeselula ngeke kuka-2020, kodwa Ukucaciswa efanele eyenziwa ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele, futhi kuyacaca ukuthi 5G ejwayelekile kuyoba ngokuphongoza 4G. Sikhuluma okwandisa ijubane Imininingwane esenana Pop kanye amaphilisi, futhi ngobuningi nezinye izixazululo, ngalinye elikwazi inezidingo zayo siqu.

Izibikezelo ezivela Ericsson

Njengoba 5G ubuchwepheshe izosebenza futhi kungani kudingeka ke, uma eshesha Inthanethi mobile ubelokhu khona manje?

Ngokwe Ericsson inkampani, ikusasa libukeka.

Unmanned futhi uxhumeke kwi-izimoto inethiwekhi ukuxhumana nabanye. Endabeni engozini yemoto, esiseduze kakhulu endaweni yesehlakalo, kuyoba ukubika kubo bonke imishini, ugibele ngemva kwakhe. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba bathuthukele isivinini aphansi noma, esimweni isiminyaminya, ukubala umzila omusha.

Izinzwa imoto ngeke ukukala ngokunembile izimo sezulu kanye ukuthumela idatha phezu 5G inethiwekhi ukuze ukuhlela okungcono umzila imoto traffic.

Endaweni kwezithuthi zomphakathi 5G inethiwekhi kuzovumela real-time ukulandela ngomkhondo inani elinde abagibeli zamabhasi. Umshayeli webhasi uyolahlekelwa esitobhini ngaphandle abagibeli, kanye dispatcher uyoqondisa traffic ezengeziwe ezindaweni zabo wayenemfuyo.

Ngenkathi bonke 5G ikhaya electronics lizoxhunywa. Uma ngaphambili aphuma Igumbi eyodwa kuya kwenye kwadingeka ukuba idluliselwe kusuka kudivayisi ephathekayo ukuqhubeka, isibonelo, ulalele esiteshini oyikhonzile somsakazo, manje ukuthi ubani okhulumayo kule amakamelo ehlukene uzothintwa nomunye futhi Listening uqhubeke endaweni aphazamisekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizokwazi ukuqapha amandla ukusetshenziswa idivayisi ngamunye, noma ukuthola ukuthi kungakanani ugesi kuveza solar panel.

inethiwekhi 5G kuzoshintsha abezimo eziphuthumayo, ukuhlinzeka ukuxhumana okuthembekile ezimweni eziphuthumayo kanye ingxenye ayethanda amaphoyisa nezinhloli eziphuthumayo imiyalezo. A nezigqoko umlilo ngamakhamera ngeke ukusakaza umyalo isithombe futhi wamukele usizo kunzima ukutakulwa.

5G-ubuchwepheshe

Esikhathini esidlule kungenzeka ukuba uzihlele kakhulu, kodwa ukukhethwa nobuchwepheshe isicelo sabo esisebenzayo siyaqhubeka.

Phakathi kwabo:

• ultra-high imvamisa, ukuzuzwa elalikade kwabonakala kungenakwenzeka, ukuhlinzeka isivinini lukhulu kakhulu;
• ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo, ukuthumela idatha nge izingxenye ezincane, isikhathi umsebenzi we-Inthanethi nezinto amadivayisi iminyaka eminingi;
• ekunciphiseni ukubambezeleka ngenxa izicelo ezidinga impendulo ngokushesha.

5G-inethiwekhi: isivinini

5G Ukuhlolwa nesanda izinga ejwayelekile uma ziqhathaniswa kuyadida odlule. Ericsson sika wakwazi ukufeza ukukhula izikhathi 50 - kuze 5 Gbit / s. Samsung oshiywe sibalo 7.5 Gbit / s isignali nge esitebeleni 1,2 Gbit / s imoto ihamba ngesivinini. Lobambiswano "EU - China" 5G uya ukwandisa izinga izikhathi 100. NTT DoCoMo, operator mobile Japanese, ngokuhlanganyela Alcatel-Lucent, izinkampani Ericsson, Samsung futhi Nokia uzama ukufinyelela 10 Gbit / s. Kodwa ososayensi kusukela University of Surrey ziphakamisa ijubane 1 Tbit / s. Kulindeleke ukuthi luyokhula nakakhulu izikhathi eziyinkulungwane ijubane amanethiwekhi eselula eminyakeni engu-10 ezayo.

Izinga ukukhula kuzodinga antenna okuthuthukisiwe imishini, kanye amaza ukusabalala bohlu. E-US, inqubo ukusatshalaliswa umthombo sekuqalile kakade.

Inthanethi zezinto

Nge ukwehla izindleko yokuxhuma kumadivayisi abaningi ukufinyelela Wi-Fi. Umqondo ngokuhlanganisa ucingo, ikhofi kanye imishini yokuwasha, ama-headphone, izibani nakho konke okunye ku kunethiwekhi eyodwa ngokuthi i-Inthanethi Sezinto. Ngo-2020, kulindeleke ukuthi zonke emhlabeni kuyoba angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-26 zalezi amadivaysi. Inombolo yokuxhumana ziyoba nkulu nakakhulu.

Ikhono zezinto "bezwe" sengathi ngosizo izinzwa ukude akhiphe imiyalo uzothola isicelo e ukuhlela zasemadolobheni, ubuchwepheshe bokuqopha nge "smart" ekhaya, ukushisa nokulawula ugesi izinhlelo, ukuphepha, ukuqapha ezempilo, izithuthi zomphakathi, retailing.

Inthanethi Izinto kudinga yesivinini sokuxhuma elincane, kodwa wabantu inqwaba amadivaysi. Kakade kukhona amanethiwekhi ozinikele usebenzisa ewumngcingo imvamisa ububanzi, futhi ejwayelekile 5G Onjiniyela ufuna iqhaza kule nqubo.

Ngakho, inethiwekhi ezokuxhumana kuyodingeka ukusekela kuphela abasebenzisi mobile, kodwa futhi izinto "smart". Abaphathi ngakho traffic heterogeneous kuhloswe ukuba basisize standard entsha.

ukulibaziseka

Ngokusobala, inethiwekhi isizukulwane esilandelayo ezizosekela 5G ubuchwepheshe izimoto unmanned futhi izicelo engokoqobo augmented. Kulokhu, ulwazi kumele litholakale ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokunikezwa isikhathi 4G amanethiwekhi, ezingaphezu kuka-10 ms, okuyinto kakhulu. Izinga esizayo Ungashintsha ngokuphelele izakhiwo inethiwekhi ezihambayo isitoreji indawo idatha kusuka izikhungo idatha ukuqeda ISIZINDA, kuhlanganise nakwamanye amadivaysi "smart".

Ukuhambisa imoto, isibonelo, sidinga idatha ku indawo ezokuthutha eliseduze. amanethiwekhi akhona ukugeleza datha izimoto ezintathu kakade akakwazi ukubhekana nesimo. I Ukubambezeleka esikhulu ukudluliswa kwedatha adinga ukusatshalaliswa idatha yasendaweni.

Kusolwa ukuthi ukubhekana isizukulwane esilandelayo amanethiwekhi uzobe laba likhulu. Ukubambezeleka ukuthumela idatha ngeke idlule 1 ms, ngisho nalapho Isivinini esibulalayo 500 km / h. Lokhu ukungaphumeleli kuyinto enkulu ukushayela isici ekudalweni ubuchwepheshe obusha, ezifana ukuphathwa imoto sezimoto nokuhlinzwa buqamama.

bafinyelele ekuvumelaneni

Uma isimo nge kwencazelo uhla ubuchwepheshe okungaba ngcono, ubuchwepheshe ngokwayo kusakhiwa ngo-2015. Kudingeka ukunquma nalokho 5G ubuchwepheshe ayadingeka kwasekuqaleni, futhi lapho luzoqala kamuva. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngo-2016.

Nakuba engakwazanga ukuwaphendula izindinganiso nokwethembela ubuchwepheshe kuqala, izinkampani yokukhiqiza ozama ukuba ahole ekuthuthukisweni kanye nasekuqalisweni kokusebenza 5G ubuchwepheshe ukuthatha isikhundla evumayo esikhathini esizayo.

Nokia Inkampani ngo-Ephreli 2015 imemezele yokufuna Alcatel-Lucent ngoba 16.6 bhiliyoni aseMelika, kanye US ezokuxhumana nkampani Verizon wamemezela ukuthi inethiwekhi United States lokuqala 5G izotholakala ngo-2016.

izimpawu zokuqala

Sekuvele kukhona 5G-inethiwekhi prototypes. Okokuqala 5G-inethiwekhi umkhankaso e-South Korea. Inkampani SK Telecom wasungula ubuchwepheshe obusha ngesikhathi kuvulwa isikhungo ucwaningo, okuzokwenziwa ukwenza ekuthuthukisweni yayo. Futhi kuya XXIII-Olympic Winter Imidlalo 2018 e-South Korea, inkampani uhlela ukwakha inethiwekhi 5G kulo lonke leli zwe.

NTT DoCoMo futhi uhlela ukwethula 5G-inethiwekhi eJapane-Olympics Summer ngo-2020 e-Tokyo.

inethiwekhi 5G ngokumelene US

5G ejwayelekile njengoba amazinga langaphambilini, eba 3GPP Consortium kanye evunywe ITU, yena-International Telecommunication Union. Bengafuni ukuba ume eceleni futhi abakhiqizi. Ngo-October 2015, ezinye iinqhema zesifunda baye Bavumelana ngokuthi bazohlangana njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukuba kuvelwe isikhundla ezivamile ezindinganisweni 5G.

isivumelwano esinjalo yafinyelelwa ngo-September 2015 phakathi EU ne-China. Ericsson TeliaSonera ivumelene ngetingucuko ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi amakhasimende opharetha mobile eTallinn Stockholm, ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi 5G e 2018

Futhi impela kancane kwesokunxele ukulinda kwethulwa 5G-inethiwekhi eRussia. MTS futhi Ericsson yasayina isivumelwano esivumela ukuba nenze umsebenzi othile ndawonye ubuchwepheshe sesihlanu, okuzoba nomphumela ekuhlolweni kokuqala 5G-inethiwekhi eRussia ngaleso World Cup e-2018, eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi 5G-inethiwekhi eJapane. Kuze kube yimanje, ngo-2016, it izoqala ukusetshenziswa LTE-U iphrojekthi LTE ukusetshenziswa 5 GHz, isetshenziswa ukuxhuma yokufinyelela-Wi-Fi. Futhi, ubuchwepheshe Ericsson yenkampani yenethiwekhi Lean ziyovivinywa, okuyinto uhlela ukusatshalaliswa traffic futhi ukunciphisa inter-cell ukuphazamiseka, ukukhuphula ijubane ukudluliswa kanye nokubika komhlaba, kwelekelela ukuhlelwa inethiwekhi.

Njengoba ubona, amazwe avumelane ukuba abambisane kulo mkhakha. Zonke, ngaphandle kwe-United States bajwayele anesikhundla okuholela kuzo zonke.

4,5G silungiselela ikusasa

Qualcomm yasikisela 4,5G LTE Advanced Pro ubuchwepheshe, ukwethulwa ehlelelwe umhla phakathi neminyaka emine eyalandela. Ngenxa yalesi inkampani uzokwazi ukusekela ibanzi uhla amaza ezidingekayo ukuze 5G ejwayelekile futhi ngaphambili efakwe LTE inethiwekhi, okuyinto kuzonciphisa ukubambezeleka futhi ukwandisa throughput.

Izici ze-network:

• High throughput ngokuhlanganisa spectra imvamisa;
• usekelo 32 opharetha ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ukwanda throughput ngokuhlanganisa imvamisa nokusatshalaliswa kwenethiwekhi phakathi opharetha;
• ukunciphisa 10-ngeshumi ukubambezeleka, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu LTE Advanced usebenzisa kwemibhoshongo ekhona kanye amaza kusuka 1 ms ukuba ms 70;
• ukusetshenziswa zokuxhumana isisetshenziswa umugqa engenayo ngoba izidingo aphumayo;
• kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo antenna at eziteshini base ukwandisa umthamo kanye nokubika komhlaba we isignali;
• IoT-ngcono amadivayisi kwagezi ukuvala ububanzi kufika ku 1.4 MHz 180 kHz (kufika ku engu-10 ku-ibhethri olulodwa);
• 1 Gbit / s exchange kolwazi phakathi izimoto, nabahamba ngezinyawo IoT-amadivayisi;
• kuthwetshulwa imvelo ngaphandle kokuvala i-Wi-Fi noma i-GPS ivuliwe idivayisi yeselula.

izithiyo zobuchwepheshe

Esikhathini Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications Berlin olwenziwa ucwaningo nge amaza ka 40-100 GHz, Samsung lisebenzisa ucwaningo lwakhe ukuvama 28 GHz, futhi Nokia - okweqa GHz 70.

amadivaysi Sebenza waveband milimitha inesimiso ezifana ukusatshalaliswa abampofu kakhulu isignali, amandla okuyinto kakhulu kunciphisa nge okwandisa ibanga kusuka esiteshini base. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isignali ukuphazamiseka kungadalwa ngisho nomzimba womuntu.

Isixazululo - MIMO

Ukuhoxa ukusetshenziswa MIMO ubuchwepheshe (Multiple wokufaka lokukhipha Amaningi), lapho ukuthumela amasignali eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Manje-ke lisetshenziswe LTE ne WLAN. Ukuze amaza okusezingeni eliphezulu esetshenziswa Massive MIMO - nokwenza ubuchwepheshe reception lapho idivayisi yeselula uhlala inqwaba antenna amancane namakhulu - e Transmitter.

Umkhiqizi SkyCross antenna wadala MIMO 4x4 uhlelo, ungasebenzisa usayizi 16x10 cm kule esigungwini. Lokhu siphezulu kunaleyo antenna ngokuba LTE. Ngokwesibonelo, izilinganiso LG G4 - 15x7,6 cm, Samsung Galaxy S6 - 14x7 cm, futhi Apple iPhone 6 Plus - 16h7,8 ukubona MIMO 4x4 uhlelo awumusha -. Ngaphandle LTE-Advanced terminals, isetshenziswa izinhlelo ithelevishini satellite, izidingo esiqinile yobukhulu namandla alo ukusetshenziswa lizokhokhiswa. Ngakho, ukudalwa idivaysi encane ephathekayo ne-antenna ezine izohlola abaklami.

Ukuthuthukiswa ezikhumulweni ephathekayo ngeke idinga umzamo owengeziwe. Ngokwe ummeleli wenkampani Texas wensimbi, ukuthi ukudala chip uyakwazi okuxhunyanwa imininingo nganoma amaza okusezingeni eliphezulu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha.

Ngo-2015, lo msebenzi ukwakha 5G ejwayelekile lalimisa okuthiwa IMT-2020. Kuyinto edabukisayo ukuthi lonke namanje abawubonanga ekupheleni inqubo.