Cannibalization - Iyini? Inqubomgomo collectivization eU.SSR: izimbangela, inqubo nemiphumela

Uma sikhuluma umane futhi kancane, abaphucwa - mass ekuthathweni kwempahla abalimi esikhathini 30s kwekhulu elidlule, lapho kukhona izigidi zabantu futhi isiphetho sabo. Manje le nqubo itholakala ukuthi ayikho emthethweni, kubalulekile ukuba izisulu komonakalo.

Qala abaphucwa

Cannibalization, okusho bokuhlukaniswa ikhono kulak ongumlimi yokusebenzisa ezweni, ekuphucweni izindlela zokukhiqiza, "isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona" zokuphatha, zenzeka phakathi neminyaka collectivization.

Ukuqala ingathiwa usuku ngemvume (30/01/1930) isinqumo Politburo (b). It itfola tinchubo kanye nohlu amanyathelo okususa amapulazi kulak ezifundeni lapho collectivization.

Nokho, abaphucwa langempela waqala kudala kakhulu kunalokho. Lenin wenza izitatimende mayelana nesidingo ulwe abalimi ezicebile njengoba ekuseni njengoba 1918. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho emakomitini akhethekile mitholampilo, okwakuhilela kwezincwadi imishini, umhlaba kanye nokudla.

"Isibhakela"

inqubomgomo collectivization wayebadelela ngakho ziwela ngaphansi futhi abalimi elichumayo ukuthi, futhi kukude ukuchuma labantu.

uquqaba abalulekile babenezisusa wahlushwa collectivization ophoqelelwe. Cannibalization - kuyinto uyaphika umnotho walo hhayi kuphela. Ngemva kokubhujiswa abalimi axoshwe, becindezela sifika wonke umndeni, kungakhathaliseki ubudala. Izinsana nabantu asebekhulile nabo walithinta unomphela eSiberia, Urals, Kazakhstan. Zonke "kulaks" ababelindele umsebenzi ophoqelelwe. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, abaphucwa eSoviet Union kwakunjani umdlalo lapho imithetho kushintsha njalo. abavela kwamanye amazwe Special wayengenamalungelo - eminye imithwalo yemfanelo.

Ubani ubalwe njengenye "kulaks" wanquma uhulumeni wamaSoviet ngaphandle kwecala. Ungakwazi balahle ubani sasingeyona friendly noma zingqubuzane neziphathimandla zendawo.

Into embi kakhulu osebenza kubantu engathandeki ababenze "ukweqisa" ukukhandleka kwabo ngaphandle edonsa abasebenzi. Ekuqaleni babizwa ngokuthi "abalimi phakathi" futhi kwaphela isikhathi esithile akazange icindezelwa. Kamuva bubhaliwe isitha nge ngemiphumela abantu.

Izimpawu kulak amapulazi

izimpawu zayo yabalwa ngenxa ukuthola kulak ukulima (SNK 1929). Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukusetshenziswa zomsebenzi eqashiwe imisebenzi yezolimo kanye nakweminye imikhakha.
• Ukuba khona e ubunikazi esigayweni ongumlimi uwoyela ematsheni okugaya, izithelo omile nemifino, iyiphi enye imishini mechanical kuya injini.
• Ukuvumela zonke izindlela ngenhla.
• Lease emagcekeni nezezindlu.
• imisebenzi Isifundo zokuhweba, kucocisana, kokuthola iholo unearned.

Izimbangela abaphucwa

Izizathu somgomo wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi eziningi elukhuni neziphathimandla silula. Ezolimo bekulokhu umthombo ukudla izwe. Ngaphezu lo msebenzi obalulekile, kungasiza finance inqubo kwezimboni. Kunzima nakakhulu ukubhekana nesibalo esikhulu encane, amapulazi ezimele. Kulula kakhulu ukuphatha amaningi amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, waqala collectivization wezwe. Injongo lo mcimbi - ukufeza uguquko sezenhlalo kwalesi sigodi. ngisho nezinsuku ezithile ahlelelwe nokuqaliswa kwalo yimpumelelo. Igama elithi esiphezulu nokuqaliswa kwalo - iminyaka 5 (non-okusanhlamvu izindawo).

Nokho, wayengenakukwazi zenzeke ngaphandle abaphucwa. Lokho-ke kuye kwaba isisekelo ukuze kwakhiwe amapulazi collective kanye nesimo.

Cannibalization - iyona ukuqedwa ezingaphezu kuka-350 000 amapulazi, bahlukunyezwe maphakathi 1930. Ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti 5-7% of yengqikithi amapulazi ngabanye sibalo yangempela yayingewona 15-20%.

Ukusabela kwama-collectivization emzaneni

Collectivization yatholwa izakhamuzi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Abantu abaningi abaqondi ukuthi kungaletha, futhi akazi lutho ngempela ukuthi lo cannibalization. Lapho abalimi nafika kule ubudlova futhi ngobushiqela, behlela imibhikisho.

Abanye abantu yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba kokubhubhisa ngokwabo epulazini lakhe wabulala izishoshovu emelela umbuso wamaSoviet. Yokuvimbela edlubulundayo kwakuhilela iRed Army.

Stalin waqaphela ukuthi inqubo engalimaza idumela layo futhi ube nenhlekelele zezombusazwe, wabhala isihloko sephephandaba i "Pravda". Kuyo, wabakhuza ngamazwi aqatha udlame futhi zazisola abadlali wendawo. Ngeshwa, lesi sihloko hhayi okuhloswe ngaso nokuqedwa ukungabi nabulungisa, futhi zabhalwa ngendlela nokuvuselelwa sakhe. Kakade ngawo-1934, naphezu ukumelana abalimi basebenzisa amapulazi collective ziye aguqulwa 75% amapulazi ngabanye.

Imiphumela

Abaphucwa - inqubo oye nezilima isiphetho izigidi zabantu. Abazibonele sikhumbula indlela ukuthumela isixhumanisi umkhaya omkhulu ukuthi bahlala ndawonye izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka abantu abangu-40 futhi elihlangene, enamadodakazi, abazukulu nezingane zabazukulu. Wonke amalungu omndeni kanzima ukuthuthukisa umnotho wabo. Futhi wasesusa zonke amandla weza benganakwa muntu. isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke unqabe iminyaka engu-11 abantu 10 million. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningana. Ngo 1932-1933 babelamba abantu abacishe babe izigidi ezingu-30. Izindawo lapho ikhula kakolweni (Kuban, Ukraine), zaba yizisulu main. Indlala iye uthi ezihlukahlukene kulinganiselwa ezinhlanu ukuze abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa. Abaningi wafela ekudingisweni kusukela umsebenzi onzima, ukungondleki kanye abandayo.

Ngamagama kwezomnotho, le nqubo akubi Umfutho ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo. Kunalokho, imiphumela yaba collectivization eyinhlekelele. Sekube ukwehla elibukhali inani izinkomo ngo-30%, inani izingulube nezimvu lancipha ngamaphesenti izikhathi 2. umkhiqizo wokusanhlamvu, ngokwesiko isihloko esibalulekile nokuthengiswa waseRussia, wawa ngo-10%.

Abalimi komhiaba umphakathi, njengoba "draw". Abasebenzi abasha wasebenza ngendlela slipshod, bachuma ukweba nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezimali kuyi.

Kuze kube manje, wonke ehlaselwe abaphucwa neyaziwayo ziba yizisulu zokucindezelwa zezombusazwe. Iziphathimandla zendawo igunyazwe cabangela futhi benze izinqumo ezindabeni umonakalo avuselelwa izakhamuzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele wenze isitatimende. Ngaphansi komthetho isiRashiya, Singasebenza hhayi kuphela izakhamuzi avuselelwa, kodwa futhi nemindeni yabo, izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye owethembekile.