Omkhulu Northern neMpi, Battle of Narva: incazelo, izimbangela, umlando kanye nemiphumela

Battle of Narva - omunye yezimpi eziphawulekayo kakhulu umlando kaPetru I. Empeleni, kwaba impi yokuqala ezinkulu abasha isimo Russian. Nakuba-ke iphelile ngempela kabi ku-Russia, futhi uPetru mina, le mpi ayikwazanga babenesibindi esikhulu. Izibalo zikhombe bonke ubuthakathaka ibutho Russian futhi wafaka eningi imibuzo ezingemnandi mayelana izikhali kanye Logistics. Okwalandela ikhambi lalezi zinkinga uye waqinisa impi, ukwenziwa ke omunye kakhulu enqobile ngaleso sikhathi. Futhi ekuqaleni kwale ukubeka impi ye Narva. Kafushane mayelana nomcimbi izozama ukuchaza kulesi sihloko.

prehistory

Ukuqala ngxabano Russian-Swedish angabhekwa ukushayisana ekuphetheni engamashumi amathathu zomhlaba Turkish ukuthi kwaqubuka. Inqubo yalesi sivumelwano kungenzeka iphazamiseke ngenxa ukumelana namandla Swedish. Lapho ngeva kokuphikiswa okunjalo, walayela ukuba axoshe inxusa Swedish Knieper-umqhele ezivela eMoscow, futhi nommeleli wayo e-Sweden ngaphambilini ukumemezela impi ukuze alwe nombuso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uPetru mina wayezimisele ukuqedela izwe umsebenzi, inqobo abaseSweden wamnika Narva castle.

Karl XII wathola ukwelashwa ubuwula obunjalo wathatha zokumelana. Ngokusho umyalo yonke impahla ihhovisi lamanxusa aseRussia sase sithathiwe, futhi wonke amalungu - baboshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNkosi Sweden ngaphambilini ukuboshwa impahla abathengisi isiRashiya, futhi ukusebenzisa siqu emsebenzini wabo osindayo. Cishe bonke wafa endaweni ezazivalelwe kuyo usizi. Charles wayezimisele ukulwa.

Peter Ngithole lesi simo kungamukeleki. Nokho, wavumela ukushiya Russia nase zonke abaseSweden akazange azithathele impahla yabo. Ngakho waqala Omkhulu Northern neMpi. Battle of Narva wayengomunye walaba iziqephu lokuqala lengxabano.

Ukuqala ngxabano

Ukuzama ifohle iye ngasenkosini ogwini aseBaltic, amabutho Russian ngo-August 1700 kwaholela ukuvinjezelwa Narva. Ngaphansi inqaba IsiSwidi regiments eziyisithupha Novgorod umbusi Prince Trubetskoy babethunyelwa khona, ngaphezu, ukuqinisa isikhundla amabutho Russian ngqo ngaphansi Narva eyayisithuthelwe abakhwele amahhashi Bala Golovin kanye regiments asele kwesikhathi sesigaba sakubo. I inqaba yabekwa eziningi ngamabhomu. okuyinto izikhathi eziningana kwaholela imililo sina. Russian ekujaheni ukuhlasela izindonga kahle futhi uvikeleke, enethemba lokuthi ukulethwa okusheshayo Narva.

Kodwa ngokushesha wazizwa ukuntuleka neziqhumane, amagobolondo, saba sibi kakhulu supply hlinzeka nephunga lokuvukela umbuso. Omunye izinduna, okwadingeka izimpande Swedish, i- isifungo waya isitha. Inkosi ukuze ugweme ukuphinda Ezimweni ezinjalo, idluliselwe esiqiwini konke okwabezizwe abaye ayesezikhundleni umyalo, waziyekela ekujuleni Russia, ukunikeza kwababusi. Novemba 18, uPetru mina mathupha waya Novgorod umkhondo ukwabiwa izimpahla lempi nomphako. lokuvimbezela okuqhubekayo waphathiswa iNkosana de Croy futhi Prince Ya. F. Dolgorukovu.

Ukuthunyelwa amabutho Russian

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Battle of Narva e 1700 lwenzelwe imisebenzi okuhlaselayo asebenzayo - amasosha Russian wasiphakamisa izikhundla ezilungele kuphela ukubaleka esebenzayo, kodwa hhayi ukuzivikela. Ingxenye eziphambili yezigaba kaPetru ngelulwa mncane kanye ubude ulayini cishe ayisikhombisa amakhilomitha. Kwakungekhona ezindaweni zabo, wezikhali - ngenxa Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu izinhlamvu is ngaphakathi hhayi ezisheshayo kuthathe izikhundla zabo ngesikhathi zibuswa Narva. Ngakho ibutho Russian wahlangana ukuntwela Novemba 19, 1700. Khona-ke waqala impi ye Narva.

ukuhlaselwa abaseSweden

Sibambe ukungabi khona inkosi, amabutho Swedish, ngaphansi lingaphandle snowstorm nenkungu iyiswe okuhlaselayo. Karl XII wadala amaqembu amabili isiteleka ngubani ephethwe ukuze ifohle ekumeleleni Russian maphakathi kanye kwenye ezinhlangothini. Russian ukuhlasela juqu udidekile: izikhulu eziningi angaphandle amabutho kaPetru oholwa Croix de Sesithombe bashintshele isitha. Battle of Narva wembula konke ubuthakathaka ibutho Russian. Bad lezempi and Command ukukhashelwa igcwaliswe ekuchithweni - amasosha Russian babaleka.

A ukuhamba kusukela isikhundla

ukubaleka Russian ... Inani elikhulu labantu futhi nezempi nemiyalezo zathuthelekela Old Ibhuloho eMfuleni Narva. Ngaphansi isisindo okweqile kwebhuloho ziwile, ocwilayo ngaphansi Amanxiwa alo eziningi abantu. Ukubona indiza jikelele, mabutho Boyar Sheremetev, Russian ayebusa ezingemuva unogada izikhundla, wake wanqotshwa ukwesaba jikelele futhi waqala ukuphoqelela Narva ukubhukuda. Battle of Narva empeleni elahlekile.

balwe

ngiyabonga kuphela ukumelana nesibindi regiments ezimbili ezihlukene - Preobrazhensky futhi Semenovski - okuhlaselayo kuhlulekile ukuvimba abaseSweden. Bayeka ukwesaba futhi ngempumelelo kwawona amabutho wasebukhosini. kancane kancane elajoyinwa izinsalela asele amayunithi Russian kuya regiments uyasinda. Izikhathi eziningana Karl XII mathupha kwaholela abaseSweden ekuhlaseleni, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye uma kwadingeka ukuba ashona. Ngezinye ilanga lishona, ubutha ubohle. waqala Izingxoxo.

Narva sivumelwano

Battle of Narva yaphela ukunqotshwa okuphelele Russian, kodwa umgogodla ibutho ngasinda. Naphezu kwesimo esinzima amabutho kaPetru, uKarl XII wayengaqiniseki ukuthi ngokunqoba kwemibandela abaseSweden, ngakho wamukela imigomo isivumelwano sokuthula. Abaphikisi Bangene isivumelwano ngaphansi ngalo wavunyelwa ukuba ukubaleka of Russian amabutho. Lapho remelting ngakolunye uhlangothi Narva abaseSweden ethumba izikhulu eziningana futhi wasesusa zonke izikhali. ukuthula eyihlazo, okuyinto kwasho ukuqala Narva ukuphoxeka wathatha cishe iminyaka emine. ezilandelayo kuphela Battle of Narva e 1704, lanikeza ithuba lokushaya isilinganisi okumelwe asinike amabutho Russian enkundleni kule mpi. Kodwa lokho kungenye indaba.

Imiphumela Narva ukuphoxeka

Battle of Narva ngesibonakaliso backwardness yebutho isiRashiya, isipiliyoni yayo ababuthakathaka ngisho nangaphambi amabutho ambalwa. Empini e 1700 ohlangothini abaseSweden balwa abantu mayelana 18 ayizinkulungwane kuphela ngokumelene tridtsatipyatitysyachnoy ibutho Russian. Ukungabibikho kokuxhumana, Logistics abampofu, ukuqeqeshwa abampofu futhi izikhali ephelelwe yisikhathi - lawa Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukunqotshwa at Narva. Ngemva ukuhlaziya izimbangela uPetru mina kanzulu ku ezempi ukuqeqeshwa, kanye best of yakhe ojenene zithunyelwe ku cwaningo lempi izindaba phesheya. Omunye igunya imisebenzi bekungukwethula kabusha ibutho yakamuva lempi hardware. Phakathi neminyaka embalwa eyalandela kaPetru mina izinguquko lempi uholé yokuthi impi Russian isibe omunye eziqine eYurophu.