Kwekuhlela kabusha Military nezomnotho Anny Ioannovny

Phakathi nokubusa Petra Velikogo Russia isibe omunye ehola imibuso yaseYurophu. Ngokuphazima ngesilinganiso esincane nomthelela izinguquko kwenziwe ngenkuthalo lo mbusi. Nokho, le nqubo osedonsa ngenkathi esigodlweni linemibhikisho - nenkathi yeminyaka engu-37 emlandweni Russian.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi bekulokhu izikhulu eziyisithupha, oyedwa wabo u-Anna Ivanovna. Asinakusho ukuthi kokubusa ubuholi bakhe yezwe wethulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi. Noma kunjalo, ukubusa Anny Ioannovny kabusha ikakhulu kwenziwe izithakazelo yezikhulu.

esihlalweni sobukhosi singenamuntu

Ngo-January 1730, ngempela kungalindelekile wafa kusukela ingxibongo uMbusi uPetru II. Izenzakalo ziye njalo bakhangwa imfiva courtly. Lapho kuba sobala ukuthi izinsuku kaPetru zibaliwe, Supreme azitshelwa Council kuhlangatshezwane nazo ukuze anqume ku candidacy kombusi esizayo. Iqembu ngalinye ahlinzekwa inkantolo ikhandidethi.

Ekugcineni, Prince Dmitry Golitsyn wakwazi ukukholisa Council esihlalweni sobukhosi singenamuntu efanelekayo ngazo zonke izindlela, Annu Ioannovnu, umfelokazi uMbusi Courland. Nokho, ukuze enane umbuso kwemibandela ethile edingekayo ukuze ungene ku-ke, noma, njengoba kusho, isimo. Eqinisweni, cishe kwakuyihora komkhawulo kwamandla autocratic.

Courland Duchess wamukela imigomo ephakeme kanye Februwari 15 ngikweluleke waya eMoscow. Maduze ufuna ukhawule amandla iNdlovukazi ngizisole abalithandayo. Singasho ukuthi Anny Ioannovny kwekuhlela kabusha waqala ne ukuqeda Supreme azitshelwa Council, ukubunjwa wathi isimo.

Omunye Romanovs

New Empress Russia zibalwe Umshana, uPeter Omkhulu. Kwakuwusuku indodakazi phakathi kwakhe half-brother Ivan (John). Njengazo zonke amakhosazana Russian, lalifundisa ukufunda, izibalo, ngokubhala, geography, umdanso kanye izilimi zakwamanye amazwe.

ukuphila kwakhe yayenza ezibiyele, sabe esigodlweni e Izmailovo, kuze uPetru ngingebe kunqunywa ukuqinisa izinzuzo eMpini Northern, wawuhlela kanjalo umshado ka omunye wabashana bakhe ukuba uMbusi Courland. Kukhethwa wawela phezu Anne.

Nokho, umshado wakhe kwaba yinto yesikhashana: ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili iNkosana wafa. Anna engu-17 kuphela ubudala, kodwa izimfuno zezombusazwe Russia ebekiwe zobufelokazi esitolo, siphila ukuphila lifiphele e Kurland.

Ngakho-ke, lapho kufika isithunywa ezivela eMoscow, Anna ngemvume isimo futhi ngokushesha hit umgwaqo. I reception lokuqala isingathwe ngu- kwabonisa ukuthi iNdlovukazi wayekwazi uwine Owayengamele ibutho. kwekuhlela kabusha Okwalandela Anny Ioannovny emkhakheni lempi wasiphinda lesi.

Uhulumeni omusha

Noma yimuphi autocrat idinga abeluleki. It yayiphumula kule ndaba futhi u-Anna Ivanovna. kabusha Management, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, owaqala ngokuvukela ukuqedwa Supreme azitshelwa Council. Kunalokho, uye wadala Empress IKhabhinethi, kanye ukubaluleka wabuyela iSigele ayenakho ngaphansi uPetru I.

Phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala wokubusa entsha inkantolo kwakukhona ababethanda ngokuba nethonya Anna Ioannovna phakathi aristocrats Russian kanye abomdabu of Courland, okwaphela ukunqoba zokugcina. ilungiselelo Special iNdlovukazi wajabulela Ernst Biron. Kuyinto akukho ngozi iminyaka eyishumi wokubusa Anny Ioannovny wehlela emlandweni ngaphansi kwegama "Biron".

Ngaphezu iKhabhinethi ngo-1731 ngu-esinqumweni Empress abuyiselwe iHhovisi imfihlo amacala okuphenya, ukuhlanganyela ubugebengu zezombusazwe. Esinye isenzo nezokuphatha Anny Ioannovny kwaba isinqumo sokuthutha inhlokodolobha kusuka eMoscow kuya Petersburg ngo-1732

Mount imithetho akusho umthetho

Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi yonke engengaphansi kwengu emithathu nengxenye ayizinkulungwane izimiso phakathi nokubusa kwakhe ngemvume Anna Ivanovna. izinguquko ezinkulu mayelana izinhlinzeko zoMthetho kwamadoda asebukhosini, ibutho kanye nomnotho. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu yobuningi umthetho imithetho ebalulekile ngempela ekuthuthukiseni Russia senziwa okungaka.

Wadala ngaphansi uPetru mina nenchubokuphatsa wokubusa Anny Ioannovny liye landa kangangokuba kuhulumeni kwaba cishe abakwazi ukusilawula. Ukuze usungule umsebenzi okucacile indlela isimo, ukukhipha entsha, oda ezibophayo kakhulu, kodwa lutho washintsha.

kabusha Noble Anny Ioannovny

Uhlu kubo, akungabazeki, iholwa isinqumo 1730, umthetho umthetho primogeniture Petrovsky, uma icelwa zonke izicukuthwane. Ephuma ukubahlangabeza, uhulumeni iNdlovukazi entsha ngokuphelele ukuqinisa isisekelo sayo emphakathini. Manje, kulendawo amahhala ukulahla kwempahla main - ifa, namadodana abo abasebasha, ifa elicebile, kwakungadingeki inkonzo breech.

Enye mlando esinqumweni izikhulu wamukelwa ngonyaka 1736 Uma uPetru I yayala iziphathimandla ukuba athwale inkonzo yomphakathi ukuphila, ukuthi u-Anna Ivanovna kuye kwanciphisa ngalesi sikhathi ukuze engu-25. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yamanxeba noma ukugula ukuba asule esikhundleni bavunyelwa nokuba baphume ngaphambili. Ngemva kwempi ne abaseTurkey ngo-1739, izinkulungwane ezicukuthwaneni, sibambe kwalesi simemezelo, ushiye inkonzo ukuze kuzuze isimo futhi wabuyela izigodi zabo.

Army futhi lasolwandle

Kuyaziwa kangakanani ukubaluleka unamathisela uPetru ukunqoba Izitolo olwandle nakulokho Navy. Nokho, ngemva kokufa kwakhe, akukho imikhumbi sekwakhiwe eRussia. Ukuze songe imali, inkantolo yezempi aningenanga kolwandle ezithinta ukuqeqeshwa lempi nabasebenza kuzo.

kabusha Military Anny Ioannovny waqala nokubuyiselwa Navy. Ngomnyaka wokuqala wokubusa kwakhe sabekwa 66-isibhamu umkhumbi "Udumo Russia", futhi okulandelayo ezimbili. Ngo isimemezelo sakhe yasungulwa Military Maritime Commission, okuyinto okuphakanyiswe uvule ku Arkhangelsk port futhi igceke lemikhumbi. Kusukela 1731 e oLwandle iBaltic ungazange yaphinde yahlangana ukuze ubambe njalo umzimba ezempi.

Nokho, izinguquko Anny Ioannovny akugcini ekunakekeleni Navy. Ngakho, ngo-1732, owokuqala Land Gentry Corps, okuyinto asungula inhlangano ubusosha eRussia wavulwa ekuchithweni kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, regiments entsha kwamiswa: Ihhashi Guards futhi Izmailovsky.

Yezokuhwebelana kanye umkhakha

yizinguquko kwezomnotho Anny Ioannovny abathintekayo ikakhulukazi umkhakha. Okokuqala, uhulumeni ukhansele Empress esiqinile amasiko izimiso. Nanyana lokhu begade kuyinto wadala ukuvikela imikhiqizo umkhakha Russian encintisana angaphandle, kodwa empeleni enza kungalimaza kakhulu kunokuba kusize.

Ukuncishiswa amasiko yamanani ngaphansi Anne Ioannovne, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezivuna ukuthuthukiswa ukuhweba, kanye ukusungulwa izikweletu lokuqala yasebhange wezwe.

Serf uhlelo kule minyaka kokubusa kwakhe, aluzange luntengantenge ekuhlushweni yiwo. Ngokuya ukukhiqizwa emuva kuba Yiqiniso, uletha imali enhle. Ngo 1736 Empress ekilasini isimemezelo abasebenzi abangekho empini wacishe iqedwe. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, bonke ndawonye nemindeni yabo zinamathele endaweni yokukhanda.

Kungase kubonakale sengathi Anny Ioannovny izinguquko ukukhiqizwa yezimboni babe ezithuthukayo. Eqinisweni, bangabakhohlisi abafuna ukucindezela isinyathelo zama-Capitalist. Uhulumeni uvalwe elawulwa yonke inqubo ukukhiqizwa futhi ngesikhathi ukwephulwa kancane umthetho izitshalo ashaqa amakhasethi endaweni yomcebo.

Ezenye leBhodi

Ngakho, Anny Ioannovny kabusha lingachazwa kafushane njengoba kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa amandla autocratic, ukwaneliseka yizicukuthwane izicelo kanye nokuqinisa serfdom.

nokubusa kwakhe eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi kuphela. Esikhathini izincwadi zomlando ayizange ithole ukuhlolwa uyababazeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Anne Ioannovne kokuba kusolwe ukubusa amaJalimane e-apharathasi isimo, ngakolunye - ukushushiswa ngesihluku betembusave.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa kubhekwa izinguquko zokubusa ayo, akunakuphikwa ukuthi abanye babo namanje bamkhonza ezinhle ukuthuthukiswa ikusasa Russia.