Northern impi Omkhulu

1 Petru eyenziwa ngaphandle kwekuhlela kabusha yakhe ngaphandle kokucabanga futhi systematizing izitshele kusenesikhathi. Zonke izinguquko ezenzeka phakathi kwendlu ehlukahlukene yezempi ukukhathazeka, imikhankaso. It yayiphumula futhi isikhathi lapho kwakukhona Omkhulu Northern neMpi.

yalwa Sweden bafuna ukuzikhandla okukhulu sonke isimo. Yingakho wonke Northern neMpi lapho Petru 1, ephelezelwa imisebenzi ngaphakathi ezweni. Zonke izinguquko yangaphakathi siklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo wezempi.

Northern neMpi yafuna izikhulu ngokuphumelelayo abaqeqeshiwe futhi amasosha. Kule ndaba, ezempi iye ngilunge. izikole lempi, eshicilelwe "Izihloko zamabutho '' Ukusebenza Capital lifaka" zadalwa (imithetho emisha), Navy ihlelwe.

Omkhulu Northern neMpi wasifuna imali. 1 Petru eyethula intela yokuvota, izintela entsha. Bethonywe nezinguquko, futhi izicelo ezimbonini. Northern impi izingubo edingekayo, ukudla, izikhali. Zonke Izinguquko ezithile ziye zaba ngcono ukunikezelwa impi, ukuze uqale ukwakhiwa wezinqaba.

Ngo 1700, August 22, ibutho Russian waya kwelinye enqabeni Swedish. Ukuwa Narva wasungena ekuvinjezelweni. Kodwa lokhu kuvimbezela akuzange kuphumelele ngokuphelele. Stock ubhuqu cores yizinsuku eziyishumi nane kuphela. Amashalofu bavame eliholwa izikhulu angaphandle ukuthatha imithwalo yabo ezihambela nje. Ngo 1700, ngo-November abaseSweden ngokuzumayo ehlaselwa izikhundla Russian, ukuvula ibutho ku ukubaleka. Kulokhu, ezimbili regiments (Semenov futhi Preobrazhensky), nokugcina oda impi, walwa off the abahlaseli ukumboza indiza ka yonke impi.

Inkosi Swedish yanquma ukuthi Russian tshoda wathumela amabutho akhe ahlasele Poland. Nakuba Karl 12, wenza imikhankaso yakhe Polish, eyoku-1 Petru imatasa kabusha ukusungulwa kanye kabusha yempi. amasosha okusha waqala kits regiments elalisanda kumiswa, ukuqeqeshwa lamaphoyisa Russian. kwaqhuma Ngo ezingaphezu kuka-300 baphonswa phakathi nonyaka. Ingxenye udini isuswe wawenziwa nge insimbi izinsimbi zesonto imibhoshongo.

Umsebenzi uPetru ngokushesha kakhulu yaba nemiphumela emihle. Army Russian ekwindla ka-1702 Noteburg athunjwa (nut lasendulo), entwasahlobo elathunjwa ngomunye Nienschanz abaseSweden, eduze kwayo wabeka uPetru noPawulu Fortress. Tartu (Dorpat) kanye Narva liwa ngo 1704.

Ngalesi sikhathi, uKarl 12, ngemva kokunqotshwa Saxony nasePoland, waphoqa umbusi Polish 2 Agasti ukulahla sakhe sobukhosi futhi umfelandawonye Russia. Ngakho Petru 1 wasala ngaphandle umbimbi.

Waphumula emva kokunqotshwa Saxony, ibutho isiSwidi ekupheleni 1707 waya Russia. UNkulunkulu uvikela ngoDisemba kulo nyaka, wathatha Grodno, Mogilev. Yaqala i oluqinisayo ophuthumayo eMoscow ngemiyalo yezikhulu uPetru. Ngaphambi umuzi, uCarl wayeya baxhumane kudedelwa kuye babeza besuka eRiga izindlu Lewenhaupt. Ezezindlu eze izikhali futhi sokudla. Nokho, ngo-1708, ngo-September ibutho Russian wahlasela azowalekelela Swedish, ekuthumbeni ukudla izikhali. Ngenxa yalokho sale mpi eduze nedolobhana Ihlathi Karl kwafika amasosha isigamu-ze futhi isigamu-babulawa mayelana 7000 kuphela izindlu 16000th.

Ngemva nalesi sithiyo, inkosi Swedish wabeka amathemba amakhulu ku-Ukraine. Hetman Mazepa ekhashelwa uhulumeni waseRussia, e 1708 wajoyina abaseSweden. Nokho, nge Mazepa alethwe amasosha 2000 kuphela - Ukraine wasigcwalisa Russia, ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi Ukrainian namabutho Swedish umkhankaso iqembu elithile labantu.

Ngezinye Poltava kwakukhona impi ewumnqamula-juqu. Ngo 1709, June 27 UNkulunkulu uvikela yanqotshwa ngokuphelele. amabutho ayenqotshiwe wabalekela River Dnieper, eningizimu, lapho izinsalela zabo bathunjwa umzimba Menshikov. Mazepa, inkosi Swedish, ambalwa Cossacks futhi abaseSweden wabalekela Turkey.

Ngemva 1709 IsiSwidi amandla ezempi kwaba eziphukile. Northern neMpi nomthelela yokuthi Russia isibe izwe amakhulu kunawo wonke endaweni Northern Europe.

Ngo 1721, August 30 phakathi Sweden neRussia, ukuthula kuphothuliwe. Ngaphansi inkontileka, ohlangothini Swedish ibuyisiwe eFinland, eRussia nabo won Karelia, Estonia, Livonia, Inghirami. Umkhandlu Wezigele wanika uPetru isihloko lombusi, isihloko "Omkhulu" nethi "uYise wobaba" wokukhumbula ukunqoba. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Russia owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi uMbuso.