Isimo somzimba sokuzivikela

Isimo somzimba sokuzivikela womuntu kuyinto inkomba eyinkimbinkimbi isimo lapho izivikeli mzimba. Isidingo ke kuphakama ekuhloleni ukwehluleka esolwa uhlelo zokuzivikela. Lokhu kuveza ubunjalo ukwephulwa kanye nokuchaza indlela ukubhekana nabo. Izinguquko, okuyinto abangu ngaphansi isimo somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, kuzomele zikhonjwe ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. Kungenjalo kungase kwenzeke izifo ngokwanele sina (njengemithi yokungezwani komzimba nokuthile, izinqubo ezithathelwanayo, izimila nezinye zokugula).

Humoral (ezihambisana uketshezi emzimbeni) nokuvikeleka iseli aqashwe kuthinta isimo somzimba sokuzivikela, ukuhlaziya isimo sawo esiqhutshwa esebenzisa ukuhlolwa ngabanye kufakwe immunogram. Ucwaningo ukunquma isimo yesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba. Uhlaziyo ucubungula iwusizo amayunithi ahlukahlukene Uchwepheshe ezakha isimo somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Kulokhu, zonke izivivinyo zibalulekile, ngoba imisebenzi zokuzivikela olunikezwa izenzo zabo ngokuhlanganyela.

Humoral uhlelo ephilile enamandla okwazi ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwamagciwane (extracellular) virus futhi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane esikhathini sokuqala sokungena zabo zifakwa emzimbeni. izimpendulo Humoral olunikezwa B-lymphocyte futhi kwenziwe serum. Eqaphela lwegciwane (ejenti angaphandle) B-lymphocyte ukuhlukanisa (idluliselwe) ku-plasma amaseli, oveza (umkhiqizo) i omzimba - immunoglobulin, ayisiza (serum amaprotheni). Immunoglobulin, ayisiza bophezela ejenti angaphandle lwangena ukuvimba umsebenzi wayo begazi ke kuhoxiswe emzimbeni. Ngakho, isenzo oqondile wenziwa immunoglobulin, ayisiza.

amaprotheni whey zinengxenye ukusebenza ezinye izimpendulo mzimba ukuthi ukusekela isimo evamile mzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, "umbulali amaseli» (NK- kanye K-cells) abangu lysed (ziyoncibilika) amaseli angaphandle ngokuphelele ukuthi camera immunoglobulin, ayisiza (Ig G).

Ngu sesibopho ukuthobisa i antigen, immunoglobulin, ayisiza futhi kusebenze iqoqo nanye serum amaprotheni (umphelelisi uhlelo). Amanye ama-elementi kohlelo umphelelisi unekhono ukuhlasela ulwelwesi cell, abangela ukulimala lamaseli angaphandle, nezinye izakhi kungase delimit esifundeni ukuvuvukala ukuheha leukocyte yayo emikhulu.

Humoral, okuyinto likhona isimo mzimba esikalini usebenzisa ukuthola nokubala wegazi B-lymphocyte (kuphesenteji futhi izinombolo eziphelele). umsebenzi ukusebenza (B-lymphocyte) inqunywa ku immunoglobulin, ayisiza kwemiqondo yibo ekuphenduleni B-cell ingqondo. Icacisa khona amasosha amagciwane ezivamile namagciwane, lokuhlushwa autoantibodies noma izakhiwo mzimba Kwenziwa ekulinganiseni amazinga ingqikithi immunoglobulin, ayisiza kanye nenombolo abasemakilasini ezahlukene (Iga, IgG, Igm).

Uhlelo umphelelisi kubalulekile ekuqhubeni sitholakele azalwa naso immunodeficiencies imvelo zinokukhubazeka kulesi simiso. Kwezinye izimo, isibonelo, pathologies sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, idatha ebalulekile phezu C4 futhi C3 izingxenye umphelelisi.

Ngokuvamile, isimo somzimba sokuzivikela wesixhumanisi yeselula ngempumelelo ubhekana izimuncagazi, isikhunta, amangqamuzana anomdlavuza, izifo intracellular. ngaleyo ndlela yokusabela Avikelayo lwenziwa amaseli lymph kanye uhlelo olunikezwa T-lymphocyte. Nge Ukungena yesici angangeni umzimba, T-amaseli nikuqaphela kumele isebenze ngokuqalisa inqubo, sandla ukubhujiswa element angaphandle. T lymphocyte ezinye imiphakathi futhi ngenkuthalo ukungenela bakhulumele ingane futhi humoral yesimiso sokuzivikela, ekusizeni ukuze sikhuthaze zamagama omzimba ze-B-amaseli (helper T cell) noma ukucindezelwa of imikhiqizo yabo (T-suppressors).