Izinto eziphilayo futhi wezinto ezingaphili amaseli

Cell ngokuthi iyunithi zokucathula isakhiwo yezinto eziphilayo. Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo - ukuthi abambelele ebantwini, ikhona izilwane, izitshalo, isikhunta noma amagciwane - ngokuyisisekelo babe kuseli. Ngo umzimba kothile lezi amaseli amaningi - emakhulwini ezinkulungwane amaseli akha umzimba ezincelisayo, ezihuquzelayo, futhi othile kungcono kancane - amagciwane amaningi akhiwe cell nje eyodwa. Kodwa akubalulekile kangako ukuba inani lamaseli njengoba ukutholakala kwabo.

Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi amaseli unazo zonke izakhiwo wabaphilayo bona baphefumule, badle, sakhe kabusha, nezimo ezintsha, ngisho nokufa imbala. Futhi, njengoba kuzo zonke izinhlayiya zamangqamuzana aphilayo lichaza ekwakheni yiyona izinto eziphilayo futhi wezinto ezingaphili.

izinto Inorganic kungaphezu, ngoba izinto wezinto ezingaphili - ke kokubili amanzi namaminerali. Yiqiniso, ingxenye enkulu ekhadini okuthiwa "inorganics amaseli" kunikezwa amanzi - kuba 40-98% wezindleko cell ivolumu.

Amanzi kuseli wenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile: inikeza kuyaqina lamaseli othola okusheshayo zamakhemikhali kuwo, ukuhamba izinto ezitholwe cell kanye okukhipha yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emanzini izinto eziningi encibilikayo, kungaba iqhaza zamakhemikhali nokuthi amanzi unesibopho ukulawulwa lokushisa kwawo wonke umzimba, njengoba amanzi has a conductivity enhle ezishisayo.

Ngaphandle kwamanzi, ketshezi wezinto ezingaphili esitokisini zihlanganisa namaminerali amaningi, sihlukaniswe ngu macrocells futhi microcells.

Ngu macroelements zihlanganisa izinto ezifana yensimbi, i-nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, i-sodium, isibabule, carbon, i-phosphorus, i-calcium, nabanye abaningi.

izakhi Trace - okungukuthi, isikhathi esiningi, izinsimbi ezisindayo, ezifana boron, manganese, uxhumano lokudlulisa, ithusi, molybdenum, i-iodine, zinc.

Futhi, umzimba lapho ultramicroelements, kuhlanganise igolide, i-uranium, mercury Radium, selenium nabanye.

Zonke izinto wezinto amaseli siqu zidlala indima ebalulekile. Ngakho, nitrogen uhileleke compounds eminengi - kokubili protein ne-non-amaprotheni, Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-amavithamini, amino acid, zombala.

Calcium kuyinto ingcina omelene potassium ukhonza plant cells.

Molybdenum kuthuthukisa ukumelana izitshalo ngokumelene isikhunta, eziwuhlupho futhi ukusheshisa amaprotheni zamagama.

Insimbi abahilelekile ukuphefumula, iyingxenye, ingqamuzana elithwala umoya.

Ithusi unesibopho ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi, impilo inhliziyo futhi iphango omuhle.

Boron unesibopho inqubo yokukhula, ikakhulukazi izitshalo.

Potassium unikeza izakhiwo colloidal we cytoplasm, kumiswa amaprotheni umsebenzi inhliziyo evamile.

Sodium futhi inikeza isigqi yangakwesokudla senhliziyo.

Sulphur ehilelekile kumiswa acid ezithile acid.

Phosphorus ehilelekile kumiswa lenqwaba compounds ezibalulekile ezifana ama-nucleotide, ezinye enzyme, AMP, ATP, Adp.

indima kuphela ultramicroelements engakaziwa kuze kube manje ngokuphelele.

Kodwa omunye izinto wezinto kuphela amaseli ngeke ikwazi ukwenza kube okuphelele futhi uyaphila. Nokho ndaba Organic kubalulekile, kunabo.

Ukuze izinto eziphilayo zihlanganisa ama-carbohydrate, lipids, ama-enzyme, zombala, amavithamini kanye hormone.

Amakhabhohayidrethi zihlukaniswe monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides futhi oligosaccharides. Mono-, thini futhi polysaccharides luwumthombo oyinhloko yamandla ezikhungweni zokuphehla amaseli bese umzimba, kodwa mixable ngamanzi oligosaccharides banamathela sezicubu zezinzwa futhi livikela amaseli kusuka esibi amathonya zangaphandle.

Lipids zihlukaniswe amafutha efanele futhi lipids - izinto amafutha-like ukwakha ngamakhasimende izingqimba yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo.

Enzyme kukhona yelikhono ukuthi ukusheshisa izinqubo kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-enzyme inciphise kudliwe azidlulisele reactivity amandla i-molecule.

Amavithamini kubalulekile ukulawulwa namachibi amino acid kanye carbohydrate, kanye nokukhula kahle nentuthuko.

Kuthiwa ama-hormone okudingekayo ukuze alawule imisebenzi ebalulekile emzimbeni.