Statics - kuyinto ... Mechanics theory, statics

Static - isayensi izindlela uningilize amabutho budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye emizimbeni. La mandla banesibopho wokugcinwa yakhoibrium, ezinyakazayo lezinto noma ushintshe isimo sabo. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, ungabona ezihlukahlukene izibonelo nsuku zonke. Movement ushintsho ukuma kuyizinto ezisemqoka kakhulu ukusebenza kokubili yokufakelwa kanye yemvelo lezinto.

Umqondo static

Kubaluleka statics babekwa phezu 2200 edlule, lapho sezibalo Greek -Archimedes, futhi abanye ososayensi wesikhathi babehilelekile ukutadisha izakhiwo amplifier nokusungulwa izindlela ezilula ezifana isigwedlo futhi oluvala amasondo. Statics - igatsha Mechanics okhuluma amabutho ukuthi isinyathelo umzimba esimweni ukuphumula, uma ibhalansi.

Kuyinto egatsheni physics owenza sikwazi izinqubo sicubungule sokuqhafaza kudingekile ukuhlonza kanye agcwele la mabutho engaziwa. "Static" kwesigaba (physics) udlala indima ebalulekile amagatsha amaningi ubunjiniyela, mechanical, civil, Aerospace nobunjiniyela bezokwelapha, okuyizona ezibhekana nemiphumela ehlukene amabutho. Lapho umzimba uphumule noma ezihambayo ngejubane njalo, ke kuziwa kule ndawo ye physics. Statics - Ukutadisha umzimba ngo balance.

Izindlela kanye nemiphumela yalesi legatsha isayensi iye yafakazela ikakhulukazi ewusizo ekuklanyweni, amabhuloho kanye namadamu, kanye Cranes kanye nezinye ezifana mechanical amadivaysi. Ukuze ukwazi ukubala usayizi izakhiwo kanye nemishini, abaklami onjiniyela kufanele kuqala ukunquma amabutho ukuthi isinyathelo izingxenye zabo ezihlobene.

axioms ka statics

Statics - igatsha physics ukuthi etadisha izimo amasistimu mechanical nezinye bahlale esimweni esithile, okuyinto akashintshi njengoba isikhathi ngaphansi kwazo. Lokhu legatsha physics kusekelwe ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo axioms:

1. Umzimba okuqinile isebujameni ka yakhoibrium static, uma kukhona amabutho amabili ukuthi babe umfutho esifanayo, amanga emgqeni efanayo isinyathelo futhi baqondiswa zibheke agudle efanayo.
2. okuqinile umzimba kuzoba static isimo uma nje ngeke ube zangaphandle amandla noma uhlelo amabutho.
3. Umphumela zamabutho ezimbili esebenza okufanayo iphuzu impahla uyalingana Vector isamba amabutho amabili. Lokhu Axiom kungaphansi isimiso sum vector.
4. ababili abasizanayo umzimba React esinye nesinye ngezinkibaniso ezimbili zamabutho ka alinganayo umfutho e okuphambene izinkomba kanye okufanayo ulayini senzo. Lokhu Axiom ubizwa nangokuthi isimiso isinyathelo futhi ukuphendula.
5. Uma umzimba deformable isebujameni ibhalansi static, it is umthetho uma umzimba wenyama uhlala isimo okuqinile. Lokhu Axiom ubizwa nangokuthi isimiso solidification.

Mechanics kanye nezihloko zalo

Physics ngesiGreki (physikos - "kungokwemvelo" futhi "physis" - "uhlobo") ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ukuthi isayensi okhuluma ngokwemvelo. It ihlanganisa zonke imithetho eyaziwayo nezakhiwo ngezinto namandla siphile ngokuvumelana nalo, ezifana amandla adonsela phansi, ukushisa, ukukhanya, uzibuthe, ugesi kanye nezinye amabutho ukuthi bayakwazi ukushintsha izici eziyisisekelo lezinto. Omunye amagatsha yesayensi Mechanics, kuhlanganise nezindima izihloko ezibalulekile kokubili statics futhi Dynamics, futhi kinematics.

Mechanics - egatsheni physics ukuthi sikhuluma ngokuhoxiswa cwaningo bamabutho, izinto noma imigwamanda uphumule noma kunyakaza. Lena enye yezinto ezinkulu emkhakheni wezesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Imisebenzi ka statics zihlanganisa ukutadisha zikahulumeni ngaphansi kwethonya amabutho ahlukahlukene. Kinematics - egatsheni physics (Mechanics), esifunda ukunyakaza lezinto, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amabutho abangela ezinyakazayo.

Engineering Mechanics: statics

Mechanics - it is a Science lapho uhlola ukuziphatha emizimbeni ngaphansi isenzo amabutho. Ukwabela 3 izigaba izihambisimshini umzimba eqinile emizimbeni deformable nasoketshezini. Solid - ke okungukuthi umzimba okungahambisani deform bedle amabutho. Mechanics theory (static - of izihambisimshini umzimba ngendlela elukhuni) sihlanganisa ashukumisayo ukuthi yena, selihlukene laba kinematics futhi kinetics.

Deformable umzimba Mechanics amadili nge ukusatshalaliswa amabutho phakathi nomzimba, okubangelwa mayelana nesigameko ukusonteka. La mandla yangaphakathi kubangele ukungezwani emzimbeni, okungase luholele izinguquko impahla ngokwayo. Lezi zinkinga kufundvwe ngamandla izinto izifundo emandleni materials.

Mechanics uketshezi - igatsha Mechanics okhuluma ukusatshalaliswa amandla ngaphakathi uketshezi noma umoya. Uketshezi kabanzi zobunjiniyela. Abakwazi labizwa ngokuthi incompressible noma liminyaniseke. Izicelo zihlanganisa hydraulics, Aerospace, nabanye abaningi.

Umqondo Dynamics

Dynamics nokuhwebelana ngamandla kanye nezithombe ezinyakazayo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokushintsha ukunyakaza komzimba - ukusebenzisa amandla. Kanye Dynamics amandla ukutadisha ezinye imiqondo ngokomzimba, phakathi okuyinto yilezi ezilandelayo: amandla, umfutho, ukushayisana, maphakathi gravity, torque mzuzu inertia.

Statics kanye namandla okubakhona kukhona state okuphambene ngokuphelele. Dynamics - imfundiso kaZiqu-emizimbeni, ezingalotshwanga zilingana, kuyilapho kukhona ukushesha. Kinetics iye ukutadisha amabutho ezibangela ngokunyakaza noma amabutho ukuthi kuphakama ngenxa ukunyakaza. Ngokuphambene, ayikho into enjalo njengoba statics, kinematics - isifundiso ngokunyakaza komzimba, okungadingi acabangele Empeleni, kahle indlela ukunyakaza wenziwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-geometry ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile."

kinematics

izimiso Kinematic avame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa sokunquma isikhundla, isivinini kanye ukusheshisa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene imishini ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwawo. Kinematics cabanga motion iphuzu, umzimba kanye uhlelo zemizimba ngaphandle kokucabangela izimbangela ezinyakazayo. I motion esachazwa nenani Vector ezifana ukufuduka, velocity ukushesha, kanye inkomba uhlelo inkomba. izinkinga ezihlukahlukene isixazululekile yi kinematics zibalo motion.

Mechanics - statics: Amanani Esiyinhloko

umlando Mechanics iphindela engaphezu kweyodwa leminyaka. izimiso eziyisisekelo statics ezakhiwa kudala. Zonke izinhlobo iziyisikhombisa, izindiza enalokho kuthambekela nezinye izimiso zazidingeka ezikhathini emiphakathi ekuqaleni ukwakha, isibonelo, ezifana izakhiwo ezinkulu njengale amaphiramidi.

izinto eziningi eziyisisekelo eziseZwini Mechanics kukhona obuphelele, isikhathi, mass futhi amandla. Izifiso zakhe zokuqala ezintathu abizwa ngokuthi eliphelele, ezimele nomunye. Amandla akuyona inani eliphelele, ngoba lihlotshaniswa mass nesivinini izinguquko.

obuphelele

Ubude - lesi silinganiso ukuthi isetshenziswa ukuchaza isikhundla iphuzu emkhathini isihlobo komunye iphuzu. Le libanga libizwa iyunithi esezingeni obuphelele. I ngokuvamile esamukelekile ejwayelekile iyunithi yokulinganisa okungukuthi imitha ubude. Le ndinganiso kwamiswa phelelisa eminyakeni. Ekuqaleni, kwaba esinye ingxenye eziyishumi-kweziyisigidi waya engxenyeni ye komhlaba, lapho izilinganiso ukuba kwakunzima ngempela. 20 October 1983, METRO kwachazwa ngokuthi ubude indlela bahamba ekukhanyeni e cleaner-1 / 299,792,458 imizuzwana.

isikhathi

Isikhathi - kuba isikhawu ezithile phakathi izenzakalo ezimbili. I ngokuvamile esamukelekile ejwayelekile iyunithi isikhathi okungukuthi yesibili. Eyesibili ekuqaleni kuchazwa njenganoma 1 / 86.4 isilinganiso Earth isikhathi esemkhathini emhlabeni axis awo. Ngo-1956, sencazelo isekhondi sashintsha futhi zaba 1 / 31.556 isikhathi adingekayo inzuzo ephelele, okwenza Umhlaba uzungeza ilanga.

isisindo

Isisindo - isakhiwo ndaba. Kungaba kubhekwe njengoba inani ketshezi eziqukethwe umzimba. Lesi sigaba inquma umphumela gravity emzimbeni nokuzabalazela ushintsho kunyakaza. Lolu shintsho ukumelana libizwa ezinyakazayo ngu inertia, okuyinto ngenxa isisindo emzimbeni. iyunithi Common uyaca iyona kilogram.

amandla

Amandla - a esuselwe iyunithi, kodwa isakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu block ekuhloleni Mechanics. Kuvame kuchazwa ngokuthi isenzo umzimba eyodwa kuya kwenye, futhi kungenzeka noma kungase kungabi ngenxa ukuxhumana ngqo phakathi emizimbeni. amandla adonsela phansi futhi kagesi izibonelo umphumela kuzichaya. Kukhona nemiphumela amabili isimiso amabutho ezizama ukuguqula lesi simiso ukunyakaza futhi ngubani babe ukuthambekela ukusonteka. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi iyunithi amandla okungukuthi Newton SI kanye ganda kule nguqulo yesiNgisi uhlelo.

zilingana zibalo

Statics isikisela ukuthi izinto okukhulunywa baqiniseka okuqinile. Inani lawo wonke amabutho ayisukumele umzimba uphumule, kumele ilingane no-zero, ukuthi iqhaza amabutho khansela nomunye futhi kungabikho ukuthambekela ngoba amabutho uyakwazi ukuvula umzimba emhlabeni iyiphi axis. Lezi zimo bazimele abekho nomunye, futhi inkulumo yabo ifomu zezibalo iyona kwesibalo lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi zilingana.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu yakhoibrium zibalo, ngakho-ke amabutho engaziwa ezintathu kuphela ingabalwa. Lapho amabutho engaziwa kuyoba ngaphezu ezintathu, kusho ukuthi izakhi kule nokwakheka umshini noma kancane obukhulu kunobukaJohane edingekayo ukugcina umthwalo ezithile, noma kukhona zinomkhawulo ngaphezu kokudingekile ukugcina umzimba nokunyakaza.

izingxenye engadingeki okunjalo noma imingcele ngokweqile abizwa ngokuthi (isibonelo, itafula ezinamaphiko nemilenze emine has a sisiningi kakhulu khona), kanye uhlelo amabutho kuyinto luxhumanisa yawo. Isibalo zibalo etholakala static, elinganiselwe, kusukela kunoma iyiphi okuqinile izinsalela okuqinile ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo, kungakhathaliseki umumo kanye nosayizi.