Aluminium futhi Alloys yayo: konke lokhu metal

Kuze kube manje, isicelo esisebenzayo esitholakala cishe zonke izinsimbi womuntu eyaziwa futhi Alloys yabo. Ngamunye wabo has izici zayo siqu ethize, okuyinto yokubona ukwenaba komusa kwato kulezo zimboni. I izinhlobo esetshenziswa kakhulu zensimbi ekhuthaza kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo, kanye aluminium futhi Alloys yayo. Lokhu kungachazwa, okokuqala kunakho konke, alondoloza zemvelo ezinkulu, kanye chemical kakhulu, ngokomzimba futhi izici lokukhanda.

Umlando omncane

Ngokusho nganekwane wasendulo, ezichazwe indatshana yakhe "ethi Natural History" uMdala uPliny noGayu, eyakhiwa cishe ngo 77 AD, kanye kuKesari waseRoma uTiberiyu wasondela enkosini ezingajwayelekile bambeka isipho isitsha esiliva nensimbi ukukhanya kakhulu. Lapho uTiberiyu embuza ukuthi obhakwe ke, waphendula ngokuthi asenza ngebumba. Emangele, lo mbusi ngaphambilini ukubulala abantu abangenacala futhi abhubhise ingcweti eshabhu lakhe lo mshini akazange kuholele ukwehla kwentengo izinsimbi yengcebo wamaRoma. Kuyinto edabukisayo ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi wayengasakwazi ukuhlola Amathemba kuvulwa zonke, ngoba aluminium futhi Alloys zalo esikhathini esizayo wenza intuthuko zazo zangempela.

Kungani i-aluminiyamu nezinye Alloys kwakhona bathandwe kangaka?

Okuqukethwe aluminium e koqweqwe cishe 8.8%, ngakho-ke kuholela uhlu insimbi ezivamile. Phakathi zako zihlanganisa ukuminyana ongaphakeme (2.7 g / cm3), kakhulu ukugqwala ukumelana, processability, conductivity ezinhle kagesi kanye ezishisayo, kuqhathaniswa okusezingeni eliphezulu amandla izici. Aluminium futhi Alloys yayo kabanzi zezindiza, shipbuilding, wesitimela zokuthutha, yezimoto, ukwakhiwa, amakhemikhali kanye petroleum izimboni , njll Aluminiyamu libhekene ductility, malleability, okusezingeni eliphezulu processing speed. Konke lokhu kunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu uwasebenzise cishe kunoma iyiphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo.

Alloys aluminium ezisekelwe Eziyisisekelo

Ukuhlanganisa aluminium nge alloying anezele, ungakwazi sifinyelele namandla mkhulu futhi sithuthukise nezinye izakhiwo zensimbi. Njengoba izithasiselo wayevame ukusebenzisa i-silicon, ithusi, manganese, zinc kanye magnesium. Cabanga Alloys eziyisisekelo.

Duralumin (duralumin, noma duralumin nje)

Igama lalesi kwakwakhe lisuselwa izwi waseDüren - ukuthi igama idolobha isiJalimane, okuyinto ngo-1911. Thina baqala ukunyathelisa ingxubevange ngezinga ezimbonini. Njengoba yenziwe kwalokho yayo ithusi, aluminium (2.2 - 5.2%), i-magnesium (0.2 - 2.7%) kanye manganese (0.2 - 0.1%). Ngemva ukwelashwa ukushisa, insimbi sikhula kakhulu (amandla kazibuthe ifinyelela 450-500 MPA). Ukuze uthuthukise ukugqwala ukumelana, ngokuvamile aluminium izingubo ezilula. Isetshenziswa njengesici material kwesakhiwo ku ezokuthutha kanye ne-engineering aeronautical.

magnaly

Lawa-aluminiyamu ahlukahlukene nge-magnesium nezinye izakhi (MG okuqukethwe - 1-13%). Basuke izimpawu ductility okusezingeni eliphezulu, weldability ezinhle futhi ukugqwala ukumelana. Isetshenziselwa womshini okwenyanga Castings, ngocingo, ishidi, izipikili njll

silumin

Le ngxube ibhalwe ngokuhlanganisa aluminium ne-silicon (Silicon okuqukethwe - 4-13%). Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa added, kanye nezinye izithasiselo: Yiba, Ti, Zn, MG, MN, Cu. Lokhu ingxubevange isetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izingxenye izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi e-aerospace nobunjiniyela yezimoto.

Aluminium futhi Alloys yayo Kuyoze ukukhonza ukuze kuzuze isintu. Ubufakazi lokhu mshini omusha - foamed aluminium, noma njengoba ibizwa, "igwebu metal". Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi aluminium ukungena nakwamanye amazwe banamathemba kakhulu.