URoald Amundsen: eyivula futhi nini?

Amundsen - omunye wabahloli edume kakhulu eNorway. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, umdlalo wakhe wayefunda izincwadi mayelana ziye emazweni akude. Esemncane ukufunda cishe zonke izinhlelo ikhambo kwe-Arctic Circle, wayekade iphethwe ukumbamba. Amundsen ngasese elivela kumama kakade eminyakeni yokuqala waqala ukulungiselela for the uhambo, yena waba omnene, ukwenza ukuvivinya umzimba, kanye ukudlala ibhola lezinyawo, uma ucabangela ukuthi lo mdlalo kuyasiza letfutfukisa imisipha umlenze.

Intsha wamazwe omkhulu polar

Lapho Amundsen langena Faculty Medical ekhatsi Oslo, esikhathini esiningi wayehumusha ekutadisheni izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, luwukuqiniseka ukuthi ulwazi lwabo kuyadingeka lohambo. Yini wavula uRoald Amundsen ngokuma kwezwe, kubangelwe iminyaka yakhe eside ukuqeqeshwa kulo ebusheni bakhe.

Eminyakeni 1897-1899 Amundsen abasha wathatha ingxenye eBelgian Antarctic Expedition bamazwe. Ethimbeni elilodwa naye kwaba wamazwe odumile Frederick Cook, okwathi ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 lokulwa empini ngoba ilungelo ukuba owathola le North Pole ne Robertom Piri.

wabahloli Ezivelele: umzabalazo yokudlondlobala

North Pole futhi abe umgomo ukuthi izisethile uRoald Amundsen. Yini wathola esikhathini esizayo, uma kufanele nezinye izihambi washikashikeka iphuzu angaphandle planethi? Ngokusemthethweni, isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi owokuqala Ephreli 6, 1909 ifinyelele North Pole Robert Piri. Frederik Awe-Kuk amangalelwe ukuthi wayekade lapha 21 Apreli 1908. Njengoba ubufakazi eyethulwe Cook okungabazekayo, thina-ke wanquma ukunika entendeni ukuze kaPeary. Kodwa impumelelo yakhe basambatheka.

Iqiniso lokuthi imishini ngesikhathi akukafiki ukuthi ezingeni yentuthuko, obekungadala ephephile ukusho iqiniso ayizwayo. Ngakusasa, owazama ukuba anqobe engathetheleli North Pole, kwaba Fridtjof Nansen. Kodwa akakwazanga ukufinyelela umgomo wakhe, futhi baton e yakhe yokutholwa uRoald Amundsen. Yini wathola, futhi lapho, kuze kube sekugcineni emlandweni ucwaningo womhlaba. Kodwa ukutholakala eyinhloko Amundsen kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe lapho bebhekene nokuvivinywa okuningi. Ngemva kokushonelwa unina, Amundsen wanquma ukuba itilosi yalolu hambo olude. Nokho, ukuze ngempumelelo baphumelele ezivivinyweni zabo, kwakudingekile ukusebenzisa iminyaka okungenani ezintathu njengoba netilosi phezu kaseyili.

URoald Amundsen: wavula ekubeni wamazwe enkulu

Ikusasa wamazwe polar ethunyelwe ugu lweNyakatho Spitsbergen i umkhumbi ezimbonini. Ube eseqhubekela komunye umkhumbi futhi wathumela ogwini Canadian. Ngaphambi kokuba abe wamazwe omkhulu, Amundsen kuyinto itilosi emikhunjini eziningana bese evakashela emazweni amaningi: Spain, Mexico, England nase Melika.

Ngo-1896 Amundsen izivivinyo futhi wamukele i-diploma, okuyinto uhambo Itilosi kwayo okwakuzothatha isikhathi eside. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu Antarctica ekugcineni kuba yindawo lapho uRoald Amundsen wathumela. Lokho ayekutholile ngokuhamba uhambo lwakhe lokuqala? Kuphela yokuthi i-Antarctica iyizwekazi iwumgomo oyinhloko - ukuze bahlale bephila. Lolu hambo, okuyinto yayihloselwe ukufunda uzibuthe eliwumhlaba, cishe waba zokugcina lonke iqembu. I blizzards eziqine, kuba khona ukuhanguka kwakheke isithwathwa basebusika nokunwetshiwe elambile - konke lokhu cishe wabhubhisa ithimba. Abasindiswa kuphela amandla umhambi abanesibindi ohlale abazingela lwezimpawu ukondla nezisebenzi belamba.

ushintsho imigomo

URoald Amundsen: ukuthi wathola futhi iyini indima yalo nasolwazini yesimanje womhlaba? Ngo-1909, lapho uCook kaPeary uzwakalise amalungelo abo ekutholakaleni North Pole, Amundsen wanquma ngokuphelele ukushintsha injongo yawo. Ngemva lo mncintiswano, wayengase nje kube wesibili, uma kungekhona lwesithathu. Ngakho-ke, umhloli wamazwe polar wanquma ukuba anqobe omunye target - eSouth Pole. Nokho, kakade kwakukhona nalabo ababefuna sifinyelele lo mgomo ngokushesha.

uhambo Scott British

Ngo-1901 UK lahlelwa uhambo eholwa isikhulu Robert Scott. Akazange cabanga ezindawo okutholakele ibhizinisi konke ukuphila kwakhe, kodwa waya ukulungiselela uhambo nokhahlo wemfanelo ngokugcwele. URoald Amundsen, Robert Siphiwe: ukuthi abahloli bamazwe wathola ekuhambeni kwabo konke, kungakhathaliseki benza ndawonye? Kunalokho, kwaba phambili ekuncintisaneni okushubile ilungelo ukufinyelela South Pole kuqala. Ngo-June 1910, Scott waqala uhambo e-Antarctica. Wayazi ukuthi yena unalo okuncintiswana naye kodwa akazange unamathisele kakhulu ukubaluleka Amundsen eviyweni, ucabangela nalwazi yakhe. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukutholwa eSouth Pole eminyakeni 1910-1912 kwakungekaNkulunkulu Norwegian.

URoald Amundsen: ukuthi wathola? Isifinyezo bomkhankaso kuya-South Pole

Scott wenza ukubheja ezinkulu ekusetshenzisweni imishini - snowmobile. Amundsen futhi usebenzisa okwenzeka baseNorway, wathatha naye inja ithimba elikhulu for a ride in the isihlibhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithimba Amundsen sika lalinabashumayeli skiers kakhulu, uScott zezisebenzi bamshaya indiva ngenxa ukulungiswa ski.

Ithimba Februwari 4 Scott, njengoba yafinyelela eChwebeni Imikhomo, ngokungazelelwe wabona ziqhathaniswa nezimbangi zazo. AmaNgisi, nakuba aphelelwe umoya lokulwa, banquma ukuba baqhubeke nohambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithimba ishaqekile ukubukeka ngokushesha Amundsen sika kuye kwafeza indima, futhi ukuntuleka ukuqeqeshwa. Amahhashi abo Isigwebo sokufa saqala ukusebenza inqobo ukuba acclimatise. Ezinye snowmobile waphula. Scott waqaphela ukuthi Amundsen ukugembula izinja - ikhambi ngokuwina. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Amundsen futhi balahlekelwa, Disemba 14, 1911 iqembu lakhe safinyelela eSouth Pole.