Isayensi izinhlanzi - ichthyology

Lesi sigaba uhlola isayensi wesayensi izinhlanzi: ngemvelaphi yabo, isakhiwo, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, imikhuba ukusuthisa, nokunye okuningi, ukubathinta. Lichaza bese uhlela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba impilo yasemanzini, ukunyakaza kwabo futhi ayanda, ekusizeni idatha yakho iphethwe yi- kwezokudoba kanti ukutshala yokufakelwa zezinto eziphilayo ngabanye - konke isayensi , neyezinhlanzi. Ulubizela le ngxenye?

Umlando mayelana nodaba lasendulo

Imizamo yokuqala ocwaningweni kwenziwe ezikhathini zasendulo. Singasho ukuthi China isayensi ukuthi etadisha inhlanzi, yebo, ku kuphakama ukuqonda esingesihle nenkulungwane lokuqala ngaphambi kukaKristu. Futhi e-India - ku 6th ekhulwini BC. Wake wambona lo mbhalo wesandla, okuyinto kwenziwa incazelo khona ezinye izilwane, izimpilo zabo, izici kwendawo nokudla.

Aristotle

Isayensi ukuthi study inhlanzi, wayiqhubekisa (hhayi njengenhlangano isiyalo ezimele, kodwa njengoba ingxenye yalo) emsebenzini abadumile sefilosofi esidumile Aristotle umcwaningi - "Umlando Izilwane" (ekhulwini lesi-4 BC ..). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-data esekhadini eziphila olwandle, okuye echazwe encwadini, baba kakhulu kangangokuthi cishe babe nolwazi oluyisisekelo izinhlanzi kuze kube ngekhulu le-15. Bese-isayensi izinhlanzi bathembele ngokuphelele phezu kwabo.

Independence nokwanda

Kusukela 15 kuya 19 leminyaka, ososayensi yezifunda ezihlukahlukene hoarded ulwazi abakhileyo izilwandle nasolwandle. Futhi esikhathini 19 Ekugcineni isayensi izinhlanzi iba isiyalo ezimele - ichthyology. Wama yokuba zisetshenziswe isintu ngokuhlakulela i ukudoba asebenzayo kuleyo minyaka. Inamandla iqhakaza isayensi izinhlanzi singena ekhulwini lama-20, ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngesayensi nobuchwepheshe ithuba ngokuphelele ukufunda olwandle olujulile usebenzisa kwamanzi ngwenya, submersibles, sonar kanye scuba. Ulwazi sakhombisa inqubekela phambili ebonakalayo nalokho okwashiwo oqondile ngezinto eziphila olwandle.

Isayensi izinhlanzi: igama nokuthi yini izifundo?

Ngakho, ichthyology manje umele omunye izingxenye izidalwa kwezilwane nge backbone - zezinhlanzi. Utadisha isakhiwo sabo, imisebenzi eyisisekelo sezihambile kwezitho, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo kanye indlela yokuphila, ukusatshalaliswa nokukhiqizwa, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwalezi zilwane kolwandle, systematizing zinhlobo futhi zenyathi.

Omunye izinkomba eyinhloko ukuyedlula - ukufunda ukuziphatha izinhlanzi, kuncike izinguquko imvelo bahlalaphi. Isimo sakhe kunciphisa noma ulola imizwelo engokwemvelo, has nomthelela ku ukudla nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha.

Esinye isiqondiso ethembisa - ekutadisheni kokudla. Ukuba khona kwawo noma ukungabi, kuye yezizathu ezihlukahlukene (enye yazo, isibonelo, - ezomnotho abantu) enquma ukuziphatha ngisho inquma khona uhlobo oluthile.

Ngokusho ngezigaba ezihlongozwayo, kukhona izinhlobo eziningana zasemanzini ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo abakhileyo - nongenanembeza. Benthophages zidla eziphilayo abahlala ngezansi futhi phansi echibini. Detritus - ku izinsalela esifile namagciwane. Ezidla - efanayo, okungukuthi, inhlanzi. Ezidla uhlaza - ukudla isitshalo emanzini.

ngokoqobo

Kodwa isayensi izinhlanzi - akusiwona nje umbono. amakhono Ziningi ukusetshenziswa ngqo esiwusizo zokudoba: catch futhi zizalela. Zisetshenziswa umkhakha nokukhiqiza, yokuqagela kwemvelo, ukutadisha ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle. Phela, kakhulu kuyiplanethi yethu wembozwe amanzi, futhi zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni kwezilwane uphume izilwandle zomhlaba - ngalokhu futhi ungakhohlwa! Phakathi kwezinkinga eziphuthuma kakhulu zokuhlale ingaxazululwa ngokuthi lo ichthyology yesimanje - inhlangano efanele futhi enengqondo, futhi ukudlala zokudoba olunzulu, uyakwazi kuyoyixazulula phakade inkinga wamaprotheni ukunikezela emhlabeni wonke.