Lwemali udaba

Lwemali udaba ingenye izakhi eyinhloko ukusebenza kohlelo yemali. Inkinga yemali kanye non-cash, imali kwenzeka sonke isikhathi, kodwa ngenkathi sigcina inombolo yabo kwegazi, njengoba kwenzeka kanyekanye futhi inqubo ngokubeka imali amabhange. Emission lemali - lokhu akulona ukukhiqizwa imali yamaphepha entsha, kodwa kuphela ukukhululwa enjalo kwegazi, lapho ukwanda supply imali.

Kungathatha ifomu yemali kanye non-cash. Esimweni sokuqala-ke kubizwa ngokuthi udaba zemali in kwegazi. A ayitholwa kungokwalabo ibhange elikhulu nohlobo sokukhishwa izwe (eRussia - Central Bank).

Ayikho enye amabhange nezinye izikhungo ngaphansi komthetho ilungelo ukwandisa supply imali ayikwazi inikezwe. Kungemva kwalokho-ke i ukuqapha olunembile nokulawula kumiswa M0 - imali yamaphepha, okuyinto kanyekanye kukhona kwegazi ngaphandle ohlelweni Banking.

Lwemali udaba oluhlobene umsebenzi wonke amabhange. Ezweni lethu sinawo uhlelo yasebhange ezimbili abaphuma, okusho ukuthi lo mshini ekushayweni isebenza ngesisekelo multiplier yasebhange. Okungukuthi ukubuyabuyelela (ukwanda) lemali idiphozi akhawunti kwenzeka lapho ukuhambisa kusuka omunye komunye ngamabhange. Ukuze uphindaphinde imali ayikwazi ukuba ibhange kwezohwebo, lonke uhlelo yasebhange ehilelekile inqubo. Credit Okuphindaphinda kuyinto injini yonke inqubo, ngoba kuphela uma uboleka ukuphathwa; idiphozi - zibonisa inani elandayo lezisebenzi imali zifakwe ebhange.

Lo mshini multiplier yasebhange elihlobene ne-reserve khulula - konke nomnotho ngamabhange, angasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esithile ngoba asebenzayo imisebenzi yasebhange. Phela, ngamabhange Unelungelo ukuqhuba ukuthengiselana okunjalo kuphela ngaphakathi nezisetshenziswa ekulandiseni. Imali ku idiphozi kungase kukhule yenqwaba kahlanu. Animation indlela elawula Central Bank, olawula kwegazi yemali kuleli zwe.

Lwemali mpikiswano ihilela sifake nokusakaza zonke izinhlobo lwemali. Inguquko ekhiqizwa imali yephepha hhayi kuphela. Yemaphepha esikhishwe Central Bank, kuthiwa yayo nezikweletu ibhekelelwa nezikweletu ibhalansi. Treasury ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana yengcebo izikweletu, kanye chip bargaining. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona uhlobo idiphozi cash udaba yamasheke lapho lenyuka ezifakwa kwi-akhawunti amakhasimende enokudla amabhange, okuholela ekwandeni inani amasheke ehilelekile nokugcinwa cashless ukuthengiselana lokukhokha.

Lapho udaba banknotes ayesekhona iza ukukhuphuka bemvelo imali ejikelezayo, okuyinto yezimbangela emali. Uma ushayele inombolo zabo zemali zegolide kwegazi kwaba kulawulwa izidingo ekwelapheni, lapho kukhona igolide imali ngesimo ingcebo yengcebo noma ukufaka kabusha kwegazi. Namuhla, imali iphepha kanye credit izinhlobo yokusingatha imali udaba akakwazi alawule uqobo. Ukwandisa nenqwaba imali kuyadingeka ukukhula ukukhiqizwa futhi yokuthengisa imikhiqizo wumnotho. Kodwa esimweni lapho supply imali idlula funa ekhona ngabo, uqala rise in amanani nakanjani kuholela ukwehla kwamandla emali.

Inkinga yemali eyenziwa indlela yokukhululwa yabo kwegazi, ephelezelwa ukwanda mass yemali ejikelezayo. Ibhange emaphakathi ibikezela usayizi kwekhabhoni esizayo futhi ihambisa yona izifunda.

Ngokuqhubekayo ezihambayo imali engukheshi kanye cashless Ukudlula kusukela amabhizinisi amabhange, noHezekeli. amayunithi Imali ungenalo elilingana nenani bokuzisholo. Kuphela imali ungafaka isicelo njengoba eyenziwa non-cash amafa elotshiwe kuphela ngesimo okufakwe akhawunti asebhange.