I nenhlabathi of emaqeleni kanye nezici zabo. Hlobo luni inhlabathi ehlane?

nenhlabathi asemaqeleni ngokuya ukusetshenziswa ezingokoqobo endaweni ukuzenza athandeke. esishintshashintshayo ezinjalo ziyingxenye esemqoka ye elikhiqizayo umhlaba Isikhwama, nakuba Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke Umfuyi usengakwazi sicela asemaqeleni chernozem izakhi. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa emaqeleni lakwa eRussia, okuyinto yethuliwe futhi ezindaweni ezomile, naphakathi-Northern Territory. Noma kunjalo, engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli zwe kukhona eziningi izindawo evundile non-amahlathi, okuyinto abacebile izakhi.

I izici eziyinhloko kwenhlabathi asemaqeleni

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo asemaqeleni nenhlabathi libhekene ukungabi phansi kwamahlathi ongaphakeme komhlaba amazinga. Lezi zici buvezwa ukulinganisela izimo esakhiwa ngaphansi okuyinto ikhava is. Ezinye zezinto ezisemqoka izinkomba ukuthi ukuba afanelekele uhlobo enkangala inhlabathi okungukuthi humus okuqukethwe. Ngokwesibonelo, abamnyama inhlabathi asemaqeleni esishintshashintshayo abe khathizwe umthamo humus ephakeme kunaleyo evamile Brown chernozem futhi nemigubuzelo. Ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi ehlane kuyoba kakhulu esihle yezolimo nemisebenzi, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele okuqukethwe nezinye izakhi. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni kutshalwa zidinga eyengeziwe yokudla umquba kanye umquba. abalimi abanolwazi zikhuthazwa ukuba nazo zisebenzisa i-phosphorus, futhi kwezinye izindawo - nitrogen ne potassium Izithako.

Imibandela inhlabathi kumiswa emaqeleni

Ukuthuthukiswa asemaqeleni inhlabathi esishintshashintshayo ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya sezulu esifudumele, omile futhi athokomele. Ngokwesibonelo, eningizimu yeRussia kumiswa asemaqeleni alisibekele kwenzeka ngesikhathi lokushisa kwemini 0 ... + 10 ° C. Ngokuphathelene kwezulu, ngokwesilinganiso yabo yonyaka kuhluka 300 500 mm. Ukulahlekelwa ngobuningi kwenzeka esifundeni Oku-eCaucasus and engxenyeni esenyakatho alolu iyahluka kakhulu. Ukufa esiphezulu ewela engxenyeni yokuqala ka ehlobo - ngokuvamile kusheshisa ngalesi sikhathi kukhona izihlambi ngokwemvelo, nakuba asemaqeleni inhlabathi akakwazi ngokuthi umswakama ngokweqile. Ezigcina elikhulu umswakama kuyagcinwa esikhathini entwasahlobo, okuyinto enomthelela inqubo encibilika iqhwa. Kodwa kuyinto ejwayelekile ezisenyakatho kanye eningizimu emaqeleni ezahlukene ukusweleka kwamanzi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu nepromyvnoy uhlobo amanzi umbuso kwakhiwa kwezinye izindawo.

rocks umzali

I-Russian inhlabathi kumiswa kusukela umbono amatshe inhlabathi kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi esifundeni. Ngokwesibonelo, e loess Sea elisezansi ivamile impela, futhi emaqeleni we laseStavropol ithafa waphawula loess esindayo. I predominance ka loam sandy esivamile yesikhulumi iVolga - kule inhlabathi asemaqeleni esifundeni akhiwa ngenxa yesenzo eluvium yamadwala nasemigodini ophuzi loam quaternary. Esikhathini iCaspian ndawo Kutholwe nosawoti loams kanye imali ezihlukahlukene imvelaphi zasolwandle.

Kusukela yokuntuleka ehlathini inikeza ukufinyelela imimoya, kukhona nazo weathering imikhiqizo - ikakhulukazi, Kulundinskaya izinhlayiya ocebile plain Bedrock. Common izici zalezi zilwane ukuthi ifomu inhlabathi asemaqeleni zihlanganisa eyengeziwe okuqukethwe encibilikayo nosawoti, carbonate Gypsum izakhi.

ikhava izimila

Asemaqeleni sezwe ngokwayo akuthonye ukuthuthukiswa izitshalo. Kule ndaba, kufanele esekelwe enhlabathini nemibandela kwemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezinesomiso ikhava vegetative has a uhlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kuyinto kwaphela, ekhula ongaphakeme izitshalo ukuthi kungaba oda 70% ye izitshalo Imininingwane. Dark-chestnut nenhlabathi ekahle ukuthuthukiswa utshani nokusanhlamvu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa waphinda ukuthi ekunqumeni ukuthi hlobo inhlabathi ehlane olufanele kangcono ukutshala isiko, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele izizathu eziningana. Kulokhu, umbandela eyinhloko kokuhlaziywa nenzalo Inhlabathi. Ngo imaphakathi ubuswa onsundu nenhlabathi nomhlabathi ukukhanya brown - consequently e ala maqembu kungenziwa ephemeroids futhi ephemera esekhulile. Ikakhulukazi, abatshali lapha kungenziwa itshalwe irises futhi Tulips. On ane-alikhali nenhlabathi wayevame ukubhekana black umhlonyane, kamforosma futhi Anabasis salsa ezimanzi umhlaba ikhava mahle inkundla kusofa utshani isitshalo amaqembu.

izakhiwo impumuzo

Ngokuvamile ubuswa sezwe flat njengoba isisekelo yonke indawo asemaqeleni. Lesi sikhala, ezithinta cishe akukho abavelele amagquma, izigodi nemihosha. Ndawonye nale asemaqeleni ongasuthi amanzi eziyize, hhayi agugula, eyenza ukuba silondoloze iyunifomu isakhiwo ebusweni phezu izindawo ezinkulu. Nokho, ukukhishwa kwengalo impumuzo namanje libhekene Central Russian asemaqeleni zone. Umhlabathi kulesi sifunda embozwe inethiwekhi aminyene gullies kanye nemihosha eletha nobunzima obukhulu e ukuthuthukiswa kwamazwe intombi. Bona kungaphinde kwenzeke futhi encane esosweni-okwenyanga ayimigodi, kodwa okungukuthi kunalokho okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo mthetho.

inhlabathi izici emaqeleni ezomile

Nenhlabathi yalolu hlobo zinezikhathi ukushiyeka buphawuleka kakhulu inhlabathi asemaqeleni. imvula okuphansi, ezinomoya nesomiso - lezi kanye nezinye izici ezanquma izinkinga ezihlobene nomsebenzi we isembozo. Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo ngesisekelo edlelweni-asemaqeleni iqembu le nqubo ithatha ngaphansi kwazo endaweni wapheka inhlabathi. ephemera ihlobo izitshalo edlelweni singafi, ushiya umhlabathi asemaqeleni ezomile embozwe wawungathi utshani ngezibonakaliso yokubola. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le nqubo kuyasiza kumiswa acid humic, kodwa lona omunye - ngaphansi isenzo elangeni kwenzeka amanzi emzimbeni futhi coagulation izakhi ewusizo. Ngo kunesomiso nge ka ogelezayo nokumanzisa waphawula leaching izinqubo nosawoti sodium, magnesium calcium, kuphumele umkhathizwe nenhlabathi ejulile encane.

chernozem inhlabathi izakhiwo emaqeleni

Ukuthuthukiswa black umhlaba nenhlabathi kwenzeka on isizinda ukubonakaliswa obuningi imbiza-asemaqeleni kwezimila. Ngakho isici esiyinhloko le khava ingcebo nezinto eziphilayo. Esikhathini iphrofayli cross kwesigaba iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa amnyama anombala chernozem te humus ungqimba, nakho okuvelele isici lumpy noma luyimbudumbudu isakhiwo. Asemaqeleni black inhlabathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingase iqukathe inqwaba izakhi umlotha kanye nitrogen, okuyinto umehluko oyinhloko le khava. Ukuthenga lezi zingxenye isifika ngonyaka phakathi yokubola isitshalo udoti. Thanda lokhu mkhuba futhi ezingaphansi kolwandle izimo okuchukuluza yokusabela eziyinkimbinkimbi compounds humic we humic acid efanayo.

A amazwi ambalwa esiphethweni

Izimo for kumiswa asemaqeleni zone abaningi ezicini ziyaphikisana futhi okungenani zahlukahlukene e zabo umphumela emhlabathini. Kungenxa ekwehleleni ukunakwa abobulili asemaqeleni inhlabathi izici futhi igcwele izakhi. Ngakho, isomiso ikhuthaza nokucekelwa okusheshayo uhlaza, okuholela isikhunta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi ukuhwamuka futhi ukukhiqizwa kwavusa of acid humic, okuyinto isinyathelo ukuze isisekelo okwengeziwe zokuthuthukiswa evundile black ungqimba.