Specific ukushisa umthamo air. Izakhiwo zezinto

emoyeni osizungezile ufeza indima ebalulekile ekuphileni eziphilayo begazi abahlala Umhlaba iplanethi. Kodwa umsebenzi womuntu lihlotshaniswa ezihlukahlukene izinqubo zobuchwepheshe, olubonisa ukuthi leli ketshezi isigaba yamagesi ngobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile. Yena yabekwa balifundisise ngendaba izakhiwo ngokomzimba. Phakathi ucwaningo, abantu zihlonzwe izakhiwo emoyeni, ezinye izici zazo kanye nemizana.

Nobunzima ukusebenza komoya wukuthi kuba into heterogeneous, futhi yisisombululo inombolo omkhulu izingxenye. Kodwa zonke izinto ezifanayo eziyizinhlupheko ukuzinza amalungu ayo likhona.

iresiphi igesi yemvelo ezibalulekile (emoyeni) sicuketse isethi esitebeleni kakhulu izithako. Kuze kube manje, banayo amaphesenti ezilandelayo: nitrogen ithatha amaphesenti angu-78 - mpilo 20, carbon dioxide - amaphesenti 0.03. Isitimu nezinye amagesi ngisho izinhlayiya okuqinile hlala mayelana amaphesenti nengxenye. Specific ukushisa umthamo air akancikile kuphela kwamanye izici ezingokomzimba, kodwa iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi okuqukethwe yangaphakathi (ukwakheka) igesi.

Iqoqo ukuhlaziya idatha izakhiwo thermodynamic air sasetshenziswa amaqembu zabasebenzi laboratories ezinkulu zomhlaba. Lezizifundo angasuselwa ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX futhi limatasa inakekelwe kuze kube yilolu suku. Imiphumela yabo asetshenziswa sibalo ezihlukahlukene amandla futhi emoyeni ngokwahlukana izitshalo, imishini ukuze umkhakha zamakhemikhali, kanye namanye amadivayisi.

ukushisa eqondile emoyeni kuyinto ukubaluleka ukuthi inquma inani ukushisa amandla ukuthi kumelwe sisetshenziswe kwenye amakhilogramu igesi ukushintsha lokushisa yayo nge degree elilodwa (Kelvin). Banikezwe ukwencika wathi ngaphambili lesi silinganiso ezintweni eziningi ngezinhloso ubunjiniyela kukhona amagrafu ezahlukene namathebula. Zibonisa indlela ukushisa ezithile emoyeni kuye ngokuthi lokushisa noma enomhwamuko.

Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono kule ndaba, ucwaningo yayiqhutshelwa kwakusetshenziswa emoyeni elomile nahlanza-carbon dioxide okuyiwona. Esigigabeni sokuqala kunqunywa ukushisa ethize ngomfutho njalo (Cp), eyesibili ihloselwe ivolumu njalo (i-CV) nokubonakaliswa efanayo thermometer. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngo-0 ° Cp ukubaluleka kwaba 0,2402 cal / g · deg, kanye CV igesi efanayo - 0,1713 cal / g · deg. Isilinganiso letindlela tekuphila unika ipharamitha elandelayo thermodynamic, okuyinto ebalulekile wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto.

Ukuze sithole njalo igesi (R) ukubala umehluko igesi ethize heats lafundvwako ngomfutho njalo (Cp) kanye ngevolumu njalo (i-CV). Okwakushiwo bomzimba walo inani lingu ukucacisa umsebenzi wokunweba, isibonelo, eyodwa kilogram gas (emoyeni) ngokwandisa lokushisa yayo nge degree elilodwa (Kelvin).

Ekuhloleni odlule safunda Izakhiwo zanoma emoyeni elomile. Eqinisweni-ke kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele iphesenti umusi kuwo (nomswakama). ukushisa Specific air oqukethe kwamahala kwenani elithile lamanzi (umusi) has kwencika nesifanekiso salo izinguquko.

umoya onomswakama isibe isihloko isiqondiso ocwaningweni ngokomzimba, ngoba okuqukethwe umusi kulo inomthelela eziningi izinqubo zemvelo ngisho zamakhemikhali. Eziphilayo iyathinteka. nomswakama ushintsho akuthinti kuphela izimo microclimate kwezakhiwo (amahhovisi, workshop, laboratories), kodwa futhi inomthelela abasebenzi kahle, ukuphepha eziningi izinto, ngisho ukusebenza kwamanye amadivayisi.

Hhayi nje isitatimende amaqiniso, kodwa futhi ukucinga tindlela letehlukene ezinomthelela izakhiwo emoyeni okuyisihloko ucwaningo. Banezinhliziyo ukubaluleka okukhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene umsebenzi womuntu, esukela ethonyeni eliyingozi umkhakha zamakhemikhali, ukuze ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala.